BUR 



BUR 



ington-ereen, and which he fupportcJ with great reputation 

 to himfcif and benefit to his Ichohirs for 19 ye;irs. Iiule- 

 pendently of the attention which he devoted to his fchool, he 

 compofed and p\ibhnied feveral vah].ible works ; of whicii 

 the principal appeared in 1754, under the title of " The 

 Dignity of Human Nitnrc ; or a brief Account of the cer- 

 tain and edablidied Means for attaining the true End of our 

 Enillence," 4to. reprinted in 2 vols. Svo. In 1762 he pub- 

 liilii^d " Tiie Art of Speaking," containing rules for elocu- 

 tion, and klTons feleclcd from ancient and modern writers, 

 in which the emphatical words were dillingaiflied by Italics. 

 The firfl volume of his " Crito, or Effiiys on various Subjcft^, 

 political, moral, and metaphyfical," was publifhed in 1766, 

 and a f-cond volume in 1767. In difcufliiig the quellion 

 concerning the origin of evil, he afcribes it to the machina- 

 tions of powerful malignant fpiritual beings, from which 

 Chriftlanity was defigned to deliver us. In i 77 i he gave up 

 the charge of his fchool, and, though he futTered excruciat- 

 ing pain from the (lone, purfued with great vigour of mnid 

 the compofition of a wi-rk, for which he had collefted a 

 mafs of materials, entitled " Political Difquifuions." The 

 firfl: tivo volumes of this work, comprehending a vad va- 

 riety of politic.d fubjefts, appeared in 1774, and the third 

 in 1775; and they vver^ well received by thofe who were 

 zealous in the caufe of public reform. Whilll he was pro- 

 fecuting this work, the painful difcafe, which he had long 

 fuflained with patience and rcfignation, terminated his lite in 

 1771; Thufe who were in habits of intimate acquaintance 

 and frequent intercourfe with him, highly eileemed him for 

 his pitty and it.tegrity, his fucial cheerful temper, and the 

 benevolent ardour with which he devoted himlelf to the pro- 

 motion of the public good. If he w.is fanguinc in his pro- 

 jefts, they were fuch as tended, according to his judgment, 

 to the general improvement of fociety and of mankind : and 

 though his compofitions are diftinguilhed more by the variety 

 of their fubjcdls than by accurate arrangement, and by ener- 

 gy rather than eloquence of language, many of them w'ill be 

 read with fatisfaftion and advantage. Befides the trea- 

 tife-! already mentioned, he publilhed, at different times, 

 " Tlioughts on Education ;" " An Hynm to the Creator 

 of the World;" " A Warning to Dram-drinkers," i 2mo. 

 written at the roqueft of Dr. Stephen Hales, and Dr. Hay tcr, 

 bilhop of Norwich ; " Direttions, Prudenti.d, Moral, Reli- 

 gious, and Scientific," printed for the ufe of his fcholars, 

 and fince pirated by bookfellers, and fold under the title of 

 " Youth's friendly Monitor;" and feveral periodical Effays 

 on the topics of the times, in the newspapers. Biog. Brit. 



Burgh, the fame with borough, which fee. 



BuRGH-^OiV, from burg, cajlellum, and bote, compeufatlo , is 

 chiefly ufed for an aid or contribution levied for the repair- 

 ing of a town or caftle. 



By the law of king Athelftan, the caflles and walls of 

 towns were to be repaired, and bnrgh-bote levied every year, 

 within a fortnight after Rogation days. No perfon what- 

 ever was exempt from thi.; fcrvice ; the knig himfelf could 

 not releafe a man from burgh-bote :. vet, in after-times, ex- 

 emptions appear to have been frequently granted ; infomuch 

 that, according to Cowel, the word burgh-bote came to be 

 chiefly ufed to denote, not the fervice, but tlie liberty or ex- 

 emption from it. 



^VKGH-bnche, or Irech, a fine impofcd on the commu- 

 nity ol a town, or burgh, for the breach of peace among 

 them. 



BuRGn-mrt/7,r, were yearly payments to the crown of Scot- 

 land, introduced by Malcolm III. and refembhng the fee- 

 fuirm rents of burghs in England. See Mail. 



Sv&GH-ind/lci; an officer in the tin mines, who direfls, 



and lays out the meers for the workmen, Src. othtrwife de- 

 nominated bailiff and bar-mafter, which fee. 



^\jv.aHfdii(I buoy, in Sua Language, lies on the coall of 

 Holland, W. by S. from the beacons on Voogel fand. On 

 tlic Texel ifland are four churches, of which Burgh is the 

 mofl northerly, except Oogh, whicli lias no (leeple. 



BURGHAUN, or Burghhaun, in Geography, a fmall 

 town and citadel of Germany, in a bailiwick of the fame 

 name, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, and biiltopric of 

 Fulda, feated on the river Haun, and having two cliurches, 

 one for the Lutherans, and another for the Catholics ; S 

 miles N.N. E. of Fulda. 



BURGHERMASTERS, Bourgkrmesters, Burc- 

 MESTERS, or BuRGOMASTFRS, chief magillrates in the ci- 

 ties of Germany, Holland, and Flanders ; to whom belong 

 the giving of orders for the government, adminillration of 

 jullice, policy, and finances of the place: though the au- 

 thority and office are not every where alike ; each city having 

 its particular laws and ftatutes. 



The word is formed from the two Flemifh words, borgcr, 

 burgefs, or ci/ize/i ; and mcjlcr, vinjler. Some exprefs it in 

 Latin by confiil, others by faiatar. — M. Bruneau obferves, 

 that burghermajler, in Holland, anfwcrs to what is called 

 alderman and fl^er'iff in England ; attorney at Compeignc ; 

 capitoul ,\l Tholoufe ; conful ?X Languedoc, &c. 



BURGHMOTE, a borough-couit ; or court held for 

 a town or borough. See Coukt and Mote. 



The word is alio written burgemotus, burgimotut, burgmotus, 

 and burgemote, fro.m burgh, oppldum ; and mote or gemote, 

 conveiitns. 



The burghmote, by the laws of king Edgar, was to be held 

 thrice in tlie year: by thofe of Henry I. twelve times. 

 Burghmote is different from bcrghmote, derived from berg, a 

 hill, and nxote, affcmbly, which denotes an affembly or 

 court upon a hill, and is held in Dtrbyihire for deciding 

 pleas and controvcrlies among the miners. 



BURGEONES, in An:':ent Geography, the name of a 

 people placed by Ptolemy in European Sarmatia. 



BURGLARY, in Law, or nodurr.al houfe-breaking, 

 burgilalrochi'mm, called by our ancient law, and now in Scot- 

 land homsfecken, an unlawful entering into another man's 

 dwelling, wherein fome perfon is, or into a church in the 

 night-time ; in order to commit feme felony, or to kill 

 fome perfon, or to Iteal fomething thence, or do fome other 

 felonious aft ; whether the fame be executed, or not. 

 This crime h^.s been always regarded as very heinous ; 

 partly on account of the terror which it occafions, and 

 partly becauie it is a forcible invafion and dillurbancc of that 

 right of habitation, which every individual might require 

 even in a Hate of nature, and againll which the laws of 

 civil fociety have particularly guarded. Whilft they allow 

 the poffeffor to kill the aggreffor, who attempts to break 

 into a i'.oufe iu the night time, they alio proteft and avenge 

 him, in cafe the affailant fliould be too powerful. Such re- 

 gard, indeed, has the law of England to the immunity of a 

 man's houfe, that it flilcs it his caftle, and will never fuffer 

 it to be violated with impunity ; agreeing in ihis refpeft 

 witli the fentiments of ancient Rome, as txprelLd in the 

 words of Tully (Pro Domo, 41) "quid enim fanftius, 

 quid oiniii religione munitius, quam donuis uniufcujufque 

 civium l" For this reaion no outward doors can in general 

 be broken open to execute any civil protels ; though, in cri- 

 minal canfes, the public fafety fuperftdes the private. See 

 Arrest. Hence, alfo, in part, arifes the animadvcrfiou 

 of the law upon eaves-droppers, nufancers, and incendiaries ; 

 and to this principle it muil be affigned, that a man may 

 allcmble people together lawfully (at leail if they do not e>;- 

 2 cecd 



