BUR 



BUR 



run pri)droinu3 Florx Cappciifio." Ilallcr. Bib. Botan. 

 Eloy. Dirt. Hilt. Gi-n. Biog. 



IJURMANNI.A, ill livlany (in honour of Juliii Burmann 

 M.D. proftlTorof b"tany at Amiltrdam, author ol Thcfaunis 

 Ziylaiiiciis, &c.). Linn. y)"]. Schrcb. '542. Willd. 606. 

 JufT. ^o. Clafs and order, hrxandria mono^ynia. Nat. Ord. 

 eimrhirix Linn. Brrru/in Ju(r. 



Gtn. Cli. Cal. perianth long, one-kaved, pr'fniat'C, co- 

 loured, with three longitucliiial, intinbraiiaceous angles ; the 

 mouth trifid, fcall. ('or. petals llircc, ovate, oblong, placed 

 in the mouth of the calyx, very minute. S.'am, hia:nento fix, 

 very fliort ; anthers in the mouth of the calyx, placed two by 

 two, feparated by a rellexed joint. Pl/I. germ fuperior, 

 evlindrical, half the lenj;lh iil the calyx ; llyle thrcad-fiiaptd, 

 the lengtli of the corolla ; ilignias three, obtufe, coi:cave. 

 Piric. capfnle covered by the calyx, cylindrical, three- 

 cornered, three-Celled, three valvcd, opening at the angles. 

 ^V.-A numerous, very fmnll. 



LIT. Ch. C\i/. prifmatic, coloured, trifid ; angles mem- 

 branaceous. Pilah three. Capjulcs three-celled, ilraight. 

 Cecils minute. 



Ob. La Marck dcfcribes the calyx as having its border 

 divided into fix fegments, the three inner ones fmall, with 

 the ihape of petals. JulTicu, in conformity with the prin- 

 ciples of his fyll«ra, with refpeft to all monocotyledinous 

 plants, had before adopted the fame idea. He llylcs it a 

 very fingular gaius, allied to no other, except perhaps to 

 Hypoxis. 



Spicies, I. B. tUJlicba Linn. (La Marck. Illuft. PI. 22-;.) 

 " Spike double." Root perennial, fibrous, fmall. Stem fix 

 or feven inches high, upright, firaight, fimple. Root leaves 

 eight or nine, grals-like. Stan leaves (hort, acuminate, al- 

 ternate, flieathing. Spites divaricated. Flowers on (liort 

 peduncles, in a fingle row on the upper fide of each fpike, 

 ereSl, blucifli, permanent ; braites awl-fliaped. I^a Marck, 

 Native of Ceylon in watery places. 2. B. hiflora. " Flowers 

 two." Linn. Smaller than the preceding. Root llrong 

 and fibrous. Stem naked, almoll capillary. Root leaves 

 very ftraight. Flowers one or two at the fummit of the 

 Jlem, purple. A native of mai flies in Virginia. La 

 Marck. 



Both thefe fpecies were cultivated by Mr. Miller, in 1768, 

 but they are difficult to preferve in gardens, for as they 

 will not thrive when planted in dry giound, they mull be 

 planted in pots plunged in troughs of water, fo as to cover 

 the fnrface of the mould about three inches. The troughs 

 in which the firft fort is planted mu!f be conllantly kept in a 

 warm (love. The other fliould be placed in a green houfe i[i 

 winter, but in fummer may be expofcd to the open air. 

 With this management they will fonietimes bear floweis. 

 Martyu's Miller. 



BURMANNLINA, in E„tomolo^^y, a fpecies of Pha- 

 L.T-NA (Tortrix) of a large fi/.e. This inhabits Surinam. 

 The wings arc pale, with four black collal fpots on the an- 

 terior pair. Gi:!el. &c. 



BUllN, m Surgery, is a lefian of the animal body, occa- 

 fioned by the application of heat in a folid form. It differs 

 from a scald, only inafmuch as the latter is produced by 

 the application of heat in a fluid form. 



The confequcnces of a burn are m.ore or Icfs ferious, in 

 proportion to the extent and depth to which the ignited 

 fubltance produces its effefts. An exteufive burn in an 

 irritable perfon will fomitimes occafion death, although the 

 fubjacent pans be not deeply injured ; and a deep burn, of 

 fmall extent, may likeivife prove fatal, according to the 

 ftrudurc or importance of the part alFedfed. 



The firll cffccT,s of a burn are to caufe pain and infi.am- 



mation ; prcfently afterwards, the exhalent arteries, being 

 excited to aftion, will clfufe a quantity of ferum under the 

 fliin, and raife the cuticle like a bliiler : if the burning adts 

 deeply, it will kill a!:d dccompofe the fubjacent flefli, fo as 

 at length to produce an efchar. 



In treating burns, we muft attend to the exifting fymp- 

 toms. If the Ikin remains whole, and the accident be re- 

 cent, ve fliould immediately have rccnurfe to very cold ap- 

 plications, with the view of difcuffing inflammation and 

 abating pain. For this pnrpofe, ice-water, I'me-water, a 

 fuKition of acttated ccrufie, or Goulard's extraft of lead, 

 properly diluted, may be uled with great freedom. Spiri- 

 tuous applications which produce cold on evaporating, have 

 been recommended with the fame intention. I'he common 

 people, with good realon, advifc maQied potatoes, or tur- 

 nips, to be applied cold, as a poultice. But the above 

 means are only proper in the beginning, and w'lere tlie 

 ficin is not removed, fo as to leave an excoriated or raw 

 furfacc. In conjiniSion with thefe antiphlogiltic remedies, 

 we may abate pain and procure reft by the liberal exhibition 

 of opium ; at the Lwvx time interpofing laxative medicines, 

 and enjoining abfolutc rtpofe to the injured part. 



The plan, however, mull be fomcwhat dillerent in cafes 

 of deep and dcftrnclive burns, where fuppuration, ulcera- 

 tion, or mortification, are likely to enfue. 



In the fecond ftage or degree of burns, where the mifchief 

 has penetrated rather deeply, but not below the common 

 integuments, it is ufuai to apply to the part a dnfiing of 

 foft ointment, which will not irritate or produce pain ; 

 fuch as the fperma-ceti ointment, faturnine cerate, elder 

 ointment, or equal quantities of oil and lime-water fliaken 

 together, and applied feveral times a day. The antiphlo- 

 giliic regimen fliould alio be oblerved, if the inflammatory 

 fymptoms run high. 



But, when the nalure of the cafe is very ferious, and 

 there is room to expeft a gangrenous or floughing ulcera- 

 tion, in coufequence of the burn being very cxtenfive, we 

 mull be cautious not to pufli the antiphlogiflic treatment 

 too far; nay, it may even be altogether uiiappropriate, and 

 a ftimulatiug or tonic conrfe of remedies may be proper. 

 Mr. Edward Keutilh, of Newcallle, who has had much 

 pradlice among the workmen in the coal mines, where ex- 

 plofioiis often occur, is of opinion that pure alcohol or oil 

 of turpentine is the beft local application at the begin- 

 ning, and a cordial diet to fupport the patient's llrength. 

 Our own experience jullifies that gentleman's plan, and 

 efpecially in very deep burns, where floughing proves inevi- 

 table. We fometimes, however, have found it neccfiary to 

 mix equal parts of olive, or linfeed oil with the turpentine, 

 to prevent its giving unfiifferable pain. 



It is fcarccly requifite to add, tliat in the event of gun- 

 powder, or any other extraneous fubftance, being forced 

 into the burned part, it fhould be gently waflicd away or 

 removed with all pofTible care. If great tenfion arife in the 

 part, we fhould cccafionally employ warm emollient cata- 

 plafms and anodyne fomentations. When the vitality of 

 a member has been totally deftroyed, fb that its ufc is irre- 

 coverable, we may be com.pelled to amputate the limb. 

 See MoxA, Caustic, Cautery, Heat, Scald, and 

 Amputation. 



'Stvv.n-builng, or Beating, in Jlgr'uulture, the operatien 

 of cutting or paring off the furface of turf, and reducing it 

 to afhcs by rfieans of fire. It is principally employed as 3 

 method of bringing into cultivation fuch waftc and other 

 lands as contain much coarfe grafs, or other vegetable pro- 

 duftions on the furface. Where this is not the cafe, it can 

 fcldom probably be made ufe of to fo much advantage. It 



