BUR 



trates, and, in tlie year irtj4, he was committed to-pnfon. 

 liut he was foon releafcd, and vifited Ireland, where ht re- 

 mained more than fix months ; and during his refidence in 

 that country, he pubiilhed a book, entitled " Tiic Trnnipet 

 of the Lord founded out of Zion, which founds forth the 

 controverfy of the Lord of Holls ;" in which he expofes 

 the vices of various ranks of fociety, and particularly accufes 

 Cromwell for fuffering opprcdion to be praftiftd in his 

 name. This work was followed in 1657 by fcvcral private 

 letters addreffcd to the protcAor, containing admonitions 

 againft pride, and rcmonllrances againll the perftcutions of 

 liio brethren. Cromwell, it is faid, difclainicd in reply any 

 difpofition to perfecute. On the accefTion of Richard 

 Cromwell, he renewed his remonftrances to him and his 

 council, and in terms fufliciently explicit, predicted the in- 

 llability of the new government. In 1659 he made a vifit 

 to Dunkirk, for the pnrpofe of difputing in the convents 

 and monalleries, and of attempting to convert their inhabi- 

 tants. This attempt was perilous, and ferved only to excite 

 horror and averfion. Upon his return to England, his zeal 

 was kindled by the news of the bloody perfecutions of the 

 ■Qiiakers by the Preflntcrians of New England : and imme- 

 diately after the relloration of Charles II., he obtained ac- 

 cefs to him, and fo far fucceeded in rcprcfenting the dif- 

 trcflcd ftate of his brethren in America, as to procure a 

 mandamus, and the appointment of Nicholas Shattock, a 

 'Qiiaker, baniflied from New England on pain of death, to 

 carry it out to the colony. Notwithilanding the laudable 

 interference of Charles on this occafion, a periccutiou againft 

 the Friends commenced in 1662 in his own metropolis, 

 which he adopted no means of preventing. Burrough was 

 at this time at Briftol ; but as foon as he received the intelli- 

 gence, he determined to confront the ftorm in London, 

 though in parting with his friends he had intimated an ap- 

 preiienfion, that his own life would be the facrifice. Soon 

 after his arrival he preached at a meeting-houfe of the fo- 

 ciety, and was committed to Newgate ; and refufmg to pay 

 the fine impofed upon him at the enfuing fefTions, he was 

 remanded to prifon, where, with 130 other perfons con- 

 fined on the fame account, he remained about eight months. 

 At lengl^h, he fell a facrifice to the fever that carried off 

 many of his companions, and expired on the 14th of Febru- 

 ary [662-5, in his 28th year. During his ilhiefs, his mind 

 retained its ufual vigour, and he derived confolation from 

 •the conviction, that he had palTed his life in performing tlie 

 will of his maker. Againft his enemies he retained no ani- 

 mofity, but prayed by name for Richard Brown, the alder- 

 man who had committed him. His chanrdler, notvvith- 

 ftanding the enthufiafm of the new feft to which he was at- 

 tached, appears to have been truly tftimable; and his 

 efforts for rcftraining the fpirit of perfccution, redound 

 much to his honour. His woijcs were numerous ; and they 

 were colledtcd in 1672 in one volume, fmall folio- Gen. 

 •Biog. 



HvRKOVGH-Juci, in Zoology, a common Englifh name for 



the T.IDORNA. 



BuRROUGHs's Mtuhine, in Mechanks, a machine for 

 .grinding and pol-fhing glalTcs, invei;ttd by Mr. Burroughs 

 of Southwark, for which the Society of Arts gave him a 

 premium of 70I. 



This machine confiftsof a cog-wheelA, Pl.H.Opiks.fg.j,. 

 I a feet in diameter, carrying 72 cogs; which turn a truiidle- 

 >iead B, one foot .our inches in diameter, and furniflied with 

 eight rounds; and alfo an horizontal fpur-wheel C, of 12 

 cogs, and one foot eight inches in diameter. The trundle- 

 head Bi^rns a fpur-wheel D often cogs, and two feet eight 

 inches in diameter. This fpur-wheel iias two cranks, a, b. 



BUR 



in its (haft ; one of which a gives motion to a wooden fram?, 

 c, about .54 niches long and 19 broad. On the under fi Ic 

 of tliis fnme are faftentd by fciews twelve pieces of polidi d 

 metal, each five inches and a half long, and three broad, 

 covered with leather ; and underneath thcfe polifhers, a glafs 

 plate cemented in another frame is placed on the bench d, 

 and po'.ilhed with tripoli by the motion given to the upper 

 frame by the crank a. The nuts of the fcrews which faften 

 the polifliers to the upper frame are not fcrewed clofe to the 

 wood, in order to give the frame room to play ; by which 

 contrivance the perpendicular rife of the crank is avoided, 

 and the motion of the polifhers always parallel and equal. 

 The under frame may be moved by the hand in any direc- 

 tion without Hopping the machine ; by which means the 

 plate, when larger than the poli(hing frame can cover in its 

 motion, will be equally polifhed in every part. ■ 



The other crank, b, gives motion to two other polifhers 

 marked h, 0, which have an alternate motion by the bend- 

 ing of the crank ; they move upon the fame plate, and 

 have an equal number of polifliers as that already defcribed. 

 The fame crank alfo gives motion to a contrivance repre- 

 fented at e for polifliing fpcctacle-glaffes. It confdls of two 

 fegments of the fame ipherc ; one concave and the other con- 

 vex. On the latter the glafles are cemented ; and poliflied 

 by the former, which is moved by the crank b. The con- 

 vex fegnient may be moved round by the hand withoi* 

 flopping the machine, fo that all tlie glafles on its fuperficies 

 will be equally polifned. 



The other fpur wheel C, by means of a crank in its fhaft, 

 gives motion to another frame g, employed in grinding the 

 glafs-plates. The rod /;, extended from the crank y to the 

 frame g, is faftened to the latter by means of a pivot, irj 

 order to admit of a rotatory motion, as well as that given 

 it by the crank in a longitudinal <lireiftion. This rotatory 

 motion is effefted by means of a rod of iron ;', called a trig- 

 ger, {harp at the extremity next the frame, where it touches 

 the teeth of an horizontal fpur-wheel, or circular piece of 

 wood, fixed on the grinding plate, while the other end is 

 extended three feet two inches to the centre of motion. 



But this contrivance, in which the merit of the machine 

 principally confills, will be much better conceived from s 

 fmall delineation of it by itfelf fig. 5., where F is the crank 

 marked/" in fig. 4_ and turned by the fpur-wheel C in the 

 fame figure. G is the trigger, three feet two inches long. 

 I, a roll fixed on t1ie trigger for the rod to Aide on. H, the 

 horizontal fpur-wheel, eleven inches in diameter, fixed or 

 the grinding plate ; the teeth of which arc touched by the 

 trigger ; but with a ^-ery unequal force, as it will wholly de- 

 pend upon the grinding- plate's being farther from, or nearer 

 to, th,; centre oi motion of the trigger. By this fimple 

 contrivance, the giinding-plate has a very compound mo- 

 tion, never moving exactly in the fame track, and therefore 

 muft grind the plates equally in everv part. Several at- 

 tempts have been made by others for producing tlie fame 

 effect: but without fuccefs ; the grinding-plate always fol- 

 lows the fame track, and confequently the plates are ground 

 equally. 



BURROW, or Barrow. See Barrow. 

 Burrow, sir James, in Bingi-jphy, mailer of the 

 crown-office, was a fellow both of the Royal and Antiquarian 

 Societies, and on the death of Mr. Wcfi in 1772, he occu- 

 pied the chair of prefident at the Royal Society till the an- 

 niverfary election, vvTien he furrcndeied it to fir John 

 Pringle ; and in 1773, on occafion of ati addrcfs prcfent*d 

 by the fociety to his majcfty, he received tlie honour of 

 knighthood. He publifned two volumes of reports in 1766, 

 two others in 1771 and 1776, and a volume of decilious of 



the 



