BUS 



lie had an unhappy quarrel with tlie anabaptlfts at Miinfler, 

 which a'Titated a coiiftitution, already enfeebled by years, to 

 fiich a degree, as to oecalion his death, in 15^4. His prin- 

 cipal works are " Cunimeiitar. in Donatum ;" " Annot. in 

 Siliuni Italiciim ;" " Comment, in primum lib. Martialis ;" 

 " Scholia in ./Eneid ;" " x\nnot. ad Juvenal ;" " Epijjram. 

 malum, libri iii. ;" " Comment, in Satyr. Perfii," Paris, 

 1644. He alfo publillied many Latin poems. According 

 to the account given of his writings by llrafmus, they are 

 nervous, lively, and animated, and difplay great acutenefs of 

 judgment ; and his ftyle is faid to approach nearer to that 

 of Qiiintilian than to that of Cicero. Gen. Biog. 



MJSCHETTO, D.^ Dulichio, a celebrated Grcckar- 

 chiteft, was a native of the ifle of Dulicliio, and employed, in 

 1016, by the republic of Pifa, in building and ornamenting 

 their dome or cathedral church ; which he enriched with many 

 marble columns, and which has ever fince been reckoned one 

 of the moil fumptuous edifices in Italy. He died at Pifa, 

 where was erected a monument to his memory, bearing an 

 infcription which intimates his extraordinary knowledge of 

 the mechanic powers. His difciples were numerous, and he 

 is regarded as the principal founder of the fcience of archi- 

 teduie in modern Italy. Fclibien, Vies des Archit. 



BUSCHING, Anthony-Frederick, a well-known 

 geographer, was born at Stadthagen, a town of Germany, 

 in 17^4, and inftrudled for feveral years by Hauber, after- 

 wards pallor of a German congregation at Copenhagen, in 

 the Greek, Chaldaic, and Syrian languages, and alfo in 

 aftronomy, algebra, and other branches of the mathematics. 

 In 1744, he entered as a theological Undent at Halle, where 

 he derived fingular benefit from the patronage of the cele- 

 brated pn.feflor S. J. Baumgarten ; and in 1746, he pub- 

 lifhed his firft work, which was " An Introduftion to the 

 Epillle of Paul to the Philippians," with a preface by his 

 patron. At tlie clofe of his academical (Indies he began his 

 e.xegLtical leftures on Ifaiah, which were followed by thofe 

 on the New Tellaraent. In 174S, he was invited to'fuper- 

 intend the education of the eldell fon of count Lynar, at 

 Kollrilz ; where he was alfo employed in revifing a Ger- 

 man edition of Vitringa on Ifaiiih, and where he commenced 

 an extenfive correfpondence with perfoiis of eminence in the 

 literary world. In the following year he accompanied 

 count Lynar to Pcterfburgh ; and in the courfe of his jour- 

 ney thither he formed the plan of a new geography, with a 

 view of fupplyiiig the imperfedlions of Hubner's and Hager's 

 woiks on this fubjeft. After encouBtering fome difficulties 

 and difcouragements in the progrefs of his undertaking, he 

 determined to devote his whole time to it ; and releafing him- 

 felf from his engagements as tutor, repaired, in 1752, to 

 Copenhagen, where he enjoyed peculiar advantages for the 

 -completion of his work. During his reCdence in this city, 

 he condufted a monthly pubhcation, in which he gave an 

 account of the ilate of the arts and fciences in Denmark. 

 In 1754, he removed to Germany, and at Halle wrote a dif- 

 fertation, entitled " Vindicix Septentrionis," announcino- 

 alfo his intention to commence a courfe of leftures on the 

 conftitution of the principal ftates of Europe ; but he was 

 diverted from profecuting this plan by an invitation to the 

 ollice of extraordinary profelTor of philofophy at Gottin- 

 gen, with a falary of 200 rix-dollars to enable him to finiih 

 his geography. Accordingly, he accepted the invitation, 

 and having fettled at Gottingen, in 1754, he married in the 

 ioUowing year a literary lady, feveral of whofe poetical pieces 

 he had previoufly publithed. This lady had been eletled 

 an honorary member of the German fociety at Gottingen, 

 and had alfo been named imperial poetefs laureat by Haber- 

 Iciii, pro-redor of the univerllty of Helmftadt. In the 



BUS 



profpea of a vacancy in the chair of theological profefTor in 

 the univcrfity of Gottingen by the death of Moflieim, 

 Bufching was advifedhy his friends, in 175^, to offer Inmfelf 

 as a candidate ; but as he had conceived a diflike to the 

 theology of the fchools, he thought it moft honourable to 

 announce his fentiments to the public, before he undertook 

 the office of theological profeifor. Accordingly, on occa- 

 fion of his applying to the theological faculty of Got;ino-en 

 for the degree of doftor, he delivered to them, in MS., ''his 

 " Epitome theologia: e folis facris Uteris concinnats. et 

 ab omnibus rebus & verbis fcholafticis purgata," which he 

 afterwards printed ; and, after fome oppofition, he obtained 

 the degree. This diifertation was afterwards reprinted with 

 additions ; and as it contained fome points of dodrine that 

 were thought exceptionable, he was accufed of heterodoxy 

 and ordered by a refcript, i/fued in 1757, to forbear publifli! 

 ing any thing on the fubjcd of theology, till it had been 

 lubmitted to the mfpedion of the privy-council of Hanover • 

 and he was alfo commanded to abftain from giving theolo- 

 gical ledures, particularly on difputed fubjeds. He remon. 

 ilrated agamft this treatment, and in a letter toMunckhaufen 

 the Hanoverian miniller, he expreifed his purpofe in the foU 

 lowing declaration : " If your excellency Hiould make me 

 chancellor of the univerfity, with a falary of a thoufand dol- 

 lars, on condition of my teaching nothing but the ufual 

 theology of the fchools, I would refpedfully refufe your 

 offer." At this time Bufching had a lalary of 400 dollars 

 at Gottingen, belides pecuniary prefents from the mmifter, 

 and fome privileges, which enabled him to expedite his great 

 geographical works. In i 759, he was appointed public pro- 

 tdior ot philofophy, and the firft part of his geography had 

 already gone tiirough three editions. He was now at leifure 

 to profecute it ; and, that he might not be interrupted, he 

 dechned accepting feveral advantageous offers. On the fub- 

 je£t of education he had publiHied a treatife, compiled from 

 his ledures at Gottingen, which very much contributed to 

 his reputation. In 1761, he undertook the office of paftor to 

 a Lutlieran congregation at Peterfburgh ; and here he 

 founaed a fchool on a large fcale for the benefit both of 

 boys and girls. I o this fchool he paid particular attention ; 

 and m 176J, it had rifen to fuch reputation, that it con- 

 tained upwards of 3C0 fcholars of various nations and feds • 

 and Catharine II. granted to it, by the recommendation of 

 field-marflial count Munich, feveral privileges. But on oc- 

 cafion of a difpute between Bufching and his congregation 

 refpeding this new inftitution, he abandoned the diredion 

 ot It, and detennined to return to Germany ; though the 

 emprefs Cathanne was very defirous of retaining him 

 in Kuliia. Among other connedions which he formed 

 during his refidence at Peterfburgh, he contraded an inti- 

 macy with Muller, the celebrated hiftorian and traveller • 

 and from the information he thus obtained with regard to 

 Ruflia, he was enabled to publifh his " Hiftorical Maga- 

 zine. The place which he feleded for his refidence, w?th 

 a view to the profecution of his literary labours, was Altona : 



ri r^'°"u"""^' '^''''""■■g ^°"'^" advantageous propofals 

 made to induce his return to Gottingen, and refolving never to 

 accept a penfion, till the year 1766, when he w^as appointed 

 duedor of a gymnaf.um at Berlin. In this capital he was 

 treated with great refped ; and befides the employment of 

 fuperintending the feminary committed to his carel he en- 



he different claffes in the Latin and French languac^es, na- 



vhich : ''f ''" 'u^y °' "''S'""' the fine ''arts" &c'; 

 wheh were favourably received by the public. His incef- 

 lant apphcation, however, impaired his health, and brought 

 on a pulmonary complaint with which he was afflided for 

 ■^ feveral 



