BUS 



BUS 



2 vols. 4to. ; and an abridirmfnt of univerfal liiftory, en- 

 titled " Flofculi Hillorianim." He died in 167S. 



BussiEREs, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Upper Marne, and dillridl of Langrcs ; 

 4 leagues S. E. of Langrcs. 



BUSSORES, by corruption from Biijfora in Perfia, 

 whence they were originally brought, a name given by fome 

 to thnt fnecies of pigeon called the carrier. 



BUSSOVATZ, ill Ccogmphy, a town of Bofnia ; 20 

 miles vS. of Sen^jo. 



BUSSY le Grand, a town of France, in the department 

 of the Cote d' Or, and dillrift of Stmur, three leagues N.E. 

 of it. 



BUST, in Geography. See BosT. 



Bust, or Busto, in Sculpture, that portion of the hu- 

 man figure whicli comprifcs the head, neck, breaft, and 

 ilionlders ; the Italians alio apply this term to the human 

 figure as low as the hips, with or without tlie head and 

 aims. This definition of the bull agrees with that fpecies 

 of fculpture which reprcftnts the portraits of iiluflrious 

 Romans, either entirely round and mounted on pedellals, or 

 in alto relievo on the fides of farcophaj/i, or other fepulchral 

 monuments, and was mod likely of Roman produftion ; 

 very different from the Erm,T of the Greeks, which we call 

 Terms: the Erma was a fourfquarc prop with the head of 

 fome divinity or man upon it. 



The etymology of the Italian bufto is perhaps from the 

 Latin, buftum ; Feftus fays " the place is properly called 

 buftuni, in wliich the dead is burnt and buried, (quafi 

 bene uftum,) a« if well burnt ; where it is only burnt, but 

 buried in another place, the firll is faid to be ullrina, (ab 

 urendo) burninp^; but buftum, the place of burial, which 

 wc call the fepulchre :" as many of thcfe buftos have been 

 principal ornaments of the fepulchre, they may have de- 

 rived their name from tlie fituation, or, on account of their 

 ccnfequence in it, have had its name transferred to them. 

 The feries of Roman emperors in the capitol, and the fine 

 bronze bulls in the king of Naples's colleftion at Portici, 

 exhibit examples of every fpecies in this kind of fculpture. 

 Bernini and other artiils among the moderns, have likewifc 

 left examples of the feveral varieties. 



Busts, Commutiicative, in AcoiijTics, are two heads of 

 plafter of Paris, placed on pedellals on the oppofite fides of 

 a room, and connected with each other by means of a tin 

 tube about an inch in diameter, pafllng from the ear of one 

 head, through the pedeftal urdcr the floor, and afcending 

 to the mouth of the other. The end of the tube which ad- 

 joins the ear of the one head, fiiould be confiderably larger 

 tlian the end which proceeds from the mouth of the other. 

 The whole apparatus fhould be fo contrived, that there may 

 not be thelcall fiifpicion of anv communication. If a perfon 

 fpeak with a low voice into the ear of one bufl, the found 

 will be reverberated through the length of the tube, and 

 will be diftincftly heard by every one who fliall place his ear 

 to the mouth of the other. By means of two tubes, one 

 palling to the ear and the other to the mouth of each head, 

 two perfons may converfe together, by applying; their mouth 

 and ear reciprocally to the mouth and ear of the bulls ; and 

 at the fame time, other perfons that (land in the middle of 

 the chamber, between the heads, will not hear any part of 

 the converfation. If a bufl be placed on a pedeftal in the 

 corner of a room, and two tubes, fuch as thole above men- 

 tioned, be fo difpofed, that one may pafs from the mouth, 

 and the other from the ear of the bufts throuijh the pedeftal 

 and the floor, to an under apartment, wc fhall obtain what 

 is called the " Oracular head." There may be likewife 

 wires that pafs from the under jaw and the eyes of the bull. 



by which they may be eafily moved. A perfon placed m 

 the under room, who, at a given fignal applies his car to 

 one of the tubes, will hear any qneftion that is aflted ; and 

 may immediately reply, favouring the deception by moving 

 at the fame time the mouth and the eyes of the bud, by means 

 of the wires. Hooper's Rational Recreations, vol. ii. p. 

 20 a, &c. 



BUSTA Gallicii, was a place in ancient Rome, wherein 

 the bones of the Gauls, who firll took the city, and were 

 flain by Camilhis, were depofited. It differed from 



Bust A Gallorum, a place on the Appcnnines, thus called 

 by reafon of many thoufands of Gauls iiilUd there by Fabius. 



BUSTARD, in Geography, a river of Upper Canada 

 which runs into the river St. Lawrence, wed'vard of Black 

 river, in a bay of its own name. It communicates within 

 land, with feveral lakes in its extended coiirfe ; and at its 

 moutli lie the Ofiers iflands. N. lat. 49° 20'. W. long. 

 68"" 5'. 



BusT;5Rn is alfo a bay on the eaft coaft of New Holland, 

 with a good anchorage in five fathoms. S. lat. 24" 4'. E. 

 long. 151° 42'. 



Bustard, in Ornithology. See Otis. 



BUSTIA, in Geography, a town of European Turkey, 

 in the province of Albania ; 52 miles \V. S. \V. of Delfino. 



BUSTO Grande, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Mi- 

 lan ; 16 miles N.W. of Milan. 



BUSTUARIiE m(rr.hts, a kind of public proftitutes, 

 who freq'ientcd the hujla or tombs, which it feems were or- 

 dinarily places of rendezvous for perfons of this defcription. 

 Others fuppofe that thefe were women hired to attend a fu- 

 neral, and lament the lofs of the dcceafed. 



BL'^STUARII, a kind of gladiators, among the ancient 

 Romans, who fought about the bullum, or pile, of a de- 

 ceafed perfon, in the ceremony of his obfequies. 



The praftice at fird was, to facrifice captives on the 

 tomb, or at the buftum, of their warriors : inftances of 

 which we have in Homer, at the obfequies of Patroclus, 

 and among the Greek tragedians. Their blood was fup- 

 pofed to appeafe the infernal gods ; and render them propi- 

 tioTis to the manes of the deceafed. In after-ages, this 

 cuftom appeared too barbarous ; and in lieu of thefe viftims, 

 they appointed gladiators to fight ; whofe blood, it was 

 fuppoftd, might have the fame effeft. — According to Vale- 

 rius Maximus and Florus, Marcus and Deciiis, fons of 

 Brutus, were the firft, at Rome, who honoured the funeral 

 of their father with this kind of fpeflacle, in the year of Rome 

 489. — Some fayj the Romans borrowed this cuftom from 

 the Hctniri-jns ; and they from the Greeks. 



BUSTUM, in Anliquity, denotes a pyramid or pile of 

 wood, wliereon were anciently placed the bodies of the de- 

 ceafed, in order to be burnt. The Romans borrowed the 

 cuftom of burning their dead from the Greeks. The de- 

 ceafed, crowned with flowers, and drefftd in his richeil 

 habits, was laid on the buftum. See Burning. Some 

 authors fay. it was only_^called buftum, after the burning, quaji 

 bene ujlum : before the burning it was more properly called 

 pyra ; during it, rogus ; and afterwards, bijium. When the 

 body was only burnt there, and buried eliewhere, the place 

 was not properly called hjhim, but ujlrina, or uflrinum. 



BusTUM, in the Campus Martius, was a ftrutlure where- 

 on the emperor Auguftus firll, and, after him, the bodies 

 of his fncccfrors were burnt. ' It was built of white ftone, 

 furrounded with an iron palifade, and planted within fide 

 with alder trees. 



BusTUM wag alfo figuratively applied to denote any 

 tomb. Whence thofe plirafcs, faccre bujlum, liolare buj~ 

 liim, Sec. 



4 F 2 BusTUM 



