BUT 



nortVitrn parts of it ar* rocky and harren, but its foutlu-rn 

 parts are mollly incloftd, well cultivated, and fertile. The 

 whole is divided into two [jariflits, in one of which is tlie 

 roval burg of Rotb:fii\<, which is the principal town of the 

 ifland and of the Ihire. The coall is rocky, and iiidentid 

 with fevcral finall harbours, from wl.ich are annually Fitted 

 out a number of buircs for the herring-fifliery. This is the 

 principal trade of the ifland, and has been promoted even at 

 the expence of agriculture. The climate, as nlual in fmall 

 iilands, is neceflarily damp. Its produce is barky, oats, and 

 potatoes; turnips with artificial grallcs have been lately 

 C-iltivat^d. Indeed, from the example and recommendation 

 of the marquis of Bute, who is the principal proprietor of 

 the illaud, and derives his title from it, the lyllem of agri- 

 culture purfued here is far before moll of the norlhcrn 

 counties, and fuch as is calculated to obtain the greatefc 

 produce from the lands. The fame nobleman lias alfo 

 diredtd the fiHiermeu and farmers to be dillinft, and each to 

 attend to his refpeiflive purfuit. The farms are mollly 

 fmall, as few exceed the rent of lixty pounds a year, but the 

 medium is about twenty-five. Arabic land was let, when 

 Mr. Pennant villted the ifland, at nine or ten fliillings an 

 acre, and the price of labourers was eight pence a dav. 

 Rents were molUy paid in money, and the rent-roll of the 

 ifland was about 4000I. a year. The government of Bute 

 is managed by a deputy -llieriff, who is always refident, and 

 determines moft petty aftions ; but criminal aClions are 

 carried to Inverary, where the judges of the court of 

 jufticiary meet twice a year. The marquis of Bute is 

 admiral of the county, by commilTion from his nnjefty, and 

 not at all dependent on the lord high admiral of Scotland. 

 He has, therefore, full powers, cither in himfclf, or by de- 

 puty, to judge a;id decide on all crimes of murder, piracy, 

 &c. Among the remains of antiquity is part of a Druidical 

 circle at Langal chorid. At Kin-garth are the ruins of a 

 church, of which two cemeteries remain. One of thefe was 

 excluhvely appropriated to the interment of females, becaufe, 

 obferves Mr. Pennant, " in old limes certain women being 

 employed to carry a quantity of holy earth, brought from 

 Rome, loft fome by the way, and fo incurred this penalty for 

 their negligence, that of being buried fcparate from the other 

 fcx." Near this place is a circular inclofure called the 

 Devil's Cauldron ; it is made of Hones piled together without 

 mortar, but trimmed in the infide in a fmooth and regular 

 manner. The walls are about feven feet in height, and ten 

 feet in thicknefs. The area is thirty ftet in diameter, and 

 the entrance gradually narrows, from the ontfide of the wall 

 inwards. Near Rothefay are the remains of an ancient 

 cajlle, with a fort, barracks, and drawbridge, which was 

 formerly the refidcnce of the kings of Scotland. See 

 Rothesay. 



Bute, a county or ftiire of Scotland, comprehending the 

 above illand, with thofe of Arran, the two Cumbrays, and 

 Inchmarnock. This county, with that ol Caithnefs, combine 

 to fend one member to pjihament alternately. See Pen- 

 nant's Tour in Scotland, vol. ii. Sinclair's StatilUcal Ac- 

 count of Scotland. 



BUTE A, in Bolciny (in honour of the late earl of Bute, 

 a munificent patron of botanical fcience). Willd. 1,^23. Rox- 

 burgh. Corom. i. p. 22. Clafs and order, diadelphia dccaii- 

 dria. Nat. Ord. Papii'wnaccic Linn. — Legumtnofcf Juff. 



Efi'. Ch. Cal. fubbilabiate. Cor. ftandard very long, lan- 

 ceolate. Legume comprelfed, membranaceous, with one feed 

 at the fummit. Willd. 



Species, 1. Y>. frondoja. Roxb. Corom. i.tab. 21, (Plafo, 

 Rheede. Mai. 6. tab. 16, 17. Arbor filiquofa trifolia indica, 

 Ray Hift. 1721. Erythriiia raonofperma, La Marck Eucyc, 



BUT 



tom. Ii. p. 391.) «' Little branches pubefccnt ; leaflets 

 roimdifh, emarginate." Willd. An evergreen tree. Sum 

 about fifteen feet high; outer bark, cinereous, dry, brittle, 

 clothed with a dark red cuticle; inner bark foft, but thick, 

 from which, when cut, exudes a gummy blood-red juice, of 

 a fweetilh talle. Leaves alternate, petioled, growing by 

 threes, about ten inches long ; leaflets about four inchc3 

 lor;i;, even above, tranfverfcly nerved beneath, reticulated be- 

 tween the nerves ; the terminal leaflet at right angles with 

 the other two, wedge-fliaped at its bafe ; the lati ril leaves 

 larger on the exterior iide than on the interior, w ilh (liort and 

 thick petioles. Floiuers red, rather huge, in racemes on 

 alternate, or fcattered, fomcwhat tomcntous, peduncles. 

 Ctilyx (hort, five-toothcd. Wings of the corolla a little 

 fhorter than the llandard ; keel fliorter than the wings. 

 Legumes elliptic-oblong, pubefccnt, from four to five inches 

 long, and near nvo inches broad. Rav from Rheede, and 

 I>a Marck from a dried fpecimen, communicated by Jufiieu. 

 A native of the Eail Indies, on the coalls of Malabar and 

 Coromandel. 



Obf. JiifHeu informed La Marck that fiom this tree in 

 procured the gum lac of commerce; and in faft there are 

 found here and there, on tlie branches of moft of the fpccl- 

 mens in his Herbarium, refinous lumps which greatly rcfem- 

 b!e that fubllance. Thefe lumps are much divided, and not 

 in entire mafles, like thofe of gum or refin which proceed 

 from various trees ; fo that they do not appear to be the in- 

 fpifl'ated juice mentioned by Rheede, but, agreeably to the 

 common opinion with relpcft to gum lac, may be elaborated 

 by a fpecics of ants, fomcwhat in the fame manner as bees 

 form their wax, and difchargcd on the fame tree from which 

 the crude juice was obtained. 



2. V>. fiipcr-la. Roxb. Corom. i. t;ib. 2i. " Little branches 

 fmooth ; leaflets attenuated at the bale, roundifii, obtnfe." 

 Willd. Very fimilar to the preceding, but differs in the 

 particulars mentioned in the fpecific charaacr, and in having 

 leaves three times as large, the leaflets being a foot long. 

 A native of the coaft of Coromandel. 



Dr. Roxburgh has defcribed thefe two fpecics in the third 

 volume of the Afiatic Refearches, p. 469, 8vo. The firll 

 is the Maduga of the Gentnos. The juice above-mentioned 

 hardens into a ruby-coloured brittle aftringent gum, fnon 

 lofing its beautiful colour when cxpofed to the air ; entirely 

 foliible in water, and alfo in a great meafure in fpiiits. In- 

 fulions of the flowers dye cotton cloth, previoufly impreg- 

 nated with a folution of alum, or alum and tartar, of a moft 

 beautiful bright yellow. The fecond fpecics is the Tida 

 maduga of the Gentoos. This alfo yields a red gum from 

 its bark, and its flowers afford the fame beautiful yellow dye 

 and pigment. 



BUTEO, in Onnlhohgy, the fpecics of Fai co we call 

 the common buzzard in this country. It has the cere and 

 legs yellow ; the body brown, and the belly pale, with brown 

 fpots. This is rather larger than a kite in the body ; its 

 length about 20 inches. 



BUTEONIS, in Zoology, a fpecics of Echinorhyn- 

 CHus, of a very clear white colour, with the veficl s or the 

 tail bluifh and lentiform. Gneze. Length of t .is kind 

 two inches and a quarter. Infclls the intcftiiies of the 

 buzzard. 



BiiTEONis, a fpecies of Ascaris, that inferts the in- 

 teftines of the buzzard, Falco liileo, but of which no p.-r- 

 ticular defcription has been hitherto given. Gocze, Gii.el. 

 &c. 



BuTEONis, is alfo a fpecies of Cucollanus, fimnd ia 

 the inteftines of the fame bird, of which we have no defcrip. 

 tioii. 



BUTHRO- 



