B U T 



BITTIIROTUM, BuTRlNTO, in ^narnt Geogiuphy, a 

 maritime town of Epirm, meiitioned by Virgil, Strabo, and 

 Pliny, wlio rcprf fiiils it as a Roman colony. It was (eated 

 on a river, calltd Xanlliiis, in Thtfprotin, over againil Cor- 

 cyra, as Butrinto is at prcfcnt oppolitc to Corfu. Cxfar 

 gives it this pofitimi ; and Virgil fays that ^neas landed 

 tlu-ie, a;'d was alloiiillicd to find a Trojan who reigned l-.ere, 

 and who wa'! Helenus the fon of Priam. This king liHe- 

 ndly fiipplied the wants of jEncas, and gave him ufeful 

 advice with rt-fpeft to his navig;ati(in. 



BUTHROTUS, a river of Italy, in the country of the 

 Bnitims. Chivior. 



BUTHURUS, a town of Africa in Libya Interior, and 

 near the fonrce of the river Bagrada. Ptolemy. 



Bl'THYSIA, 0Jiv7i(A, in Aniiquity, a faciifice of the 

 greateft kind: fuch were the hecatombs. See Sacrifice 

 and Hecatomb. 



The Greeks frequently prefixed the particle /Jy, lu, to 

 words, to denote tilings of extraordinary magnitude, as al- 

 ludinjj to the bigncfs of oxen. 



BUTI, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the duchy of 

 Tufcany, feated on tiie Arno ; 20 miles N.N.E. of Leghorn. 

 The mountains of Pifa form near this place a deep narrow 

 hollow, called the valley of Buti, bounded by the fides of 

 the mountains, which are covered with pine, chefnut, and 

 olive-trees. In the bottom is a fmooth ground, cut by an 

 impetuous torrent ; and in the lowed part of it is lltuated 

 the land of Buti, in two divilions, the higher, called the 

 " caftle," and the lower, " the town." It is continually 

 cxpofed to a cold, moift air, except during feme days in 

 fummer ; it is often covered with a thick cloud, and fubjeft 

 to fudden changes of weather, particulaily to heavy rains; 

 owing to its being below the high mountains of Pifa, and 

 near to the lake of Bicntiiui, which fee. 



BUTIGA, is an inflammation of the whole face, otherwife 

 called ^^iitla rofacca. 



BU'lTS, in Ancient Geography and Mythology. See 



EUTCS. 



BUTLASS, in Geography. See Puddar. 



BUTLER, or BoTij-ER, an officer whole chief charge is 

 over the cellar and liquors. Sec ARCH-Biil/er. 



HvTLEKS, iuticu/ari:, among the Normans, denoted wine- 

 tafters, appointed to examine liquors, and fee that they were 

 right and legal. 



Butler of France, buticularius Franci<e, was one of the 

 four great officers of t^e houihold of the ancient kinjjs of 

 that coiintry, who figned all the royal patents, or at Icall 

 was prefent ?.t the dilpatch of them. His feat was among 

 the princes, and he even difputed the precedency of the con- 

 flable of France. He had a right of prefiding at the cham- 

 ber of accounts ; and in the regillers of that office of the 

 year 1397, mention is made that John de Bourbon, grand 

 butler of France, was admitted there as firft prefident. 

 But the title has been fines abolifhed, and, in lieu thereof, 

 a new office of gnmrl echanfon, or cup bearer, was erefted. 



Butler. James, duke of Ormond, in Biography, an ac- 

 compliflied Englilh courtier and eminent llatefman, in the 

 17th century, was the fon of Thomas Butler efq. a branch 

 of the Ormond family, and by his mother, the grandfon of 

 fir John Poyntz, and born at Newcaftle-houfe in Cltrken- 

 well, London, in 1610. LTpon the deceafeof Thomas, eari 

 of Ormond, his grandfather, fir Walter Butler of Kilcaih, 

 affumed the title, and his father was called by courtefy 

 vifcount Thurles. After the death of his father, who was 

 drowned on his pan"age from Ireland to England, in 1619, 

 and who left a widow and 7 chddren in embarraffed circum- 

 ftances, this title devolved upon him. In 1620, he was fent 



BUT 



over to England by his mother, and placed under the tuition 

 of a parifii fchoolmafter at Finchley, near Barnet ; but by 

 the interpofition of king James, who claimed the wardfliip 

 of the young lord, he was removed to Lambeth, and his 

 education was committed to the fuperintcndence of arch- 

 bilhop Abbot. In this fituation he is faid to have enjoyed 

 little advantage with regard to general inllruftion ; but he 

 acquired thofe principles of the Proteftant religion to which 

 he maintained a Heady attachment in the progrefs of his life. 

 Upon the death of king James, he was taken home by his 

 grand'ather, the earl of Ormond, and no farther care feenis 

 to have been taken with regard to hi-- education. At the 

 age of 18, he attended the duke of Buckingham at Porlf- 

 mouth, and after the an"ciffination of this favourite by Felton, 

 he returned to London ; and marrying his coufin, the lady 

 El'7.abetfi Pre!?on, in I'lap, he brought to an amicable ter- 

 minati'-n the difputes that had long difliirbtd the harmony 

 and injured the interefts of both families. In the following- 

 year he removed to Ireland, and piirchafed a troop of horfe. 

 In 1632 his grandfather died, fo that he fucceeded to the 

 title and eftates of the earldom of Ormond; and in 1633, 

 when lord Wentworth, afterwards earl of Strafford, became 

 governor of Ireland, he was dil'inguiflied by the pecu'iar 

 attention of this eminent ftatcfm:in ; who, on occafion of 

 their firll interview, faid to his attendants, " that if his fcill 

 in phyfiognomy did not fail him, that young nobleman would 

 make the greatell man of his family." The conneftion thus 

 formed between the lord-deputy and the young earl, fub- 

 fifted, with little interruption, during the whole of Strafford's 

 adminifiration. At the age of 24 he was fworn of the privy- 

 council, and on occafion of the troubler, which broke out in 

 Scotland, he was appointed to the command of the army 

 levied in Ireland, under the lord-lieutenant. To the interell 

 of lord Strafford he uniformly adhered ; and this unfortunate 

 nobleman teftified the fenfe he entertained of the importance 

 of his fervices, by requefling that the king would confer his 

 blue garter upon his friend the earl of Ormond ; which, 

 however, he declined accepting during this reign. Upon 

 the commencement of the great rebellion in Ireland in 1641, 

 the earl of Ormond was appointed lieutenant-general and 

 commander in chief of the army, which confided at that 

 time of no more than 3000 men. With this inconfiderable 

 force, and a few additional troops which he was able to raife, 

 he refiftcd the progrefs of the rebels, and in 1642 diflodged 

 them froin the Naes near Dublin, raifed the blockade of 

 Drogheda, and routed them at Kilrufh. His exerti ns, 

 however, were impeded by the jealoidies of the lords juftices, 

 and afterwards of the earl of Leicefter, the lord lieutenant ; 

 but the king, with a view of counterafting this oppofitlon, 

 gave him an independent commiffion under the great fenl, 

 and, as a further mark of favour, created him marquis of 

 Ormond. In 1643 ^^ obtained a confiderable viftory with 

 very inferior forces over the rebels under the command of 

 the Irifii general Prefton, but for want of fuitable encourage, 

 ment, he was under a neceffity of concluding a ceiTation of hof- 

 tihties, for which meafure he was much blamed in England ; 

 though he availed himfelf of it by fending over troops to the 

 affillance of the king, who was then at war with the parlia- 

 ment. His majelly, in recompence of his fidelity, and the 

 fervice rendered to the royal csufe, created him lord-heute- 

 nant of Ireland, in the room of the earl of Leicefter; and he 

 entered upon his govcrnmentinthebeginningof the year 1644. 

 In the exercife of this office, he had to contend with many 

 difficulties, occafioned by the rebellious fpirit of the old Irifh, 

 and the machinations of the Enghfh parliament. Having 

 maintained an unfuccefsful druggie for three years, he was 

 at length, viz. in 1647, obliged to fign a treaty with the 



parliament's 



