BUT 



ficult, was aUcmptctl in a French trannation of HiuUbras, 



in 3 vols. I ;mi). willi notts, by 'I'owEiley, junior, eft), of 



Towiiley in Lancjniirc. A colUftion of pitcts,, under the 

 titleof "Tlie Fo'.llujmoiisWorksof Mr.Samuel Butler,"\vas 

 publilhed after his death, in ,j vols, iimo.; but moft of thcfe 

 arc falfely aferibcd to liiin, and none of tlitm arc of much 

 valne. However, in 1759, there appeared a more refpe^- 

 able pphhcalion, entitled " Genuine Remains in Profe and 

 VcriV of Mr. Bntl.-r, from the original MSS. formerly in the 

 poffcffion of W. l.on-ueville, efq." 2 vols. 8vo. The editor 

 was Mr. Thyer of the Maneheller library, who has cllabliihed 

 the authenticity of thefe pieces, and accompanied them with 

 notes. Tl'.e poetical part contains a fatire on the Royal So- 

 citty ; and the profe conlills of " Characleis," drawn with 

 much force and humour, and " Thouglits" on various fub- 



jcfts. Biog. Brit. 



Bi;TLER,CHARLEs,Magd. Coll. Oxford, Mailer of Arts, 

 pnblilhed, in 4to. 1636, the principles of mufic in fmging 

 and ftttinjj, with the twofold ufe thereof, ecclefiallical and 

 civil. Thii trad, wliich is dedicated to Charles I. ftems to 

 have been the only theoretical or didattic work, pnbliflicd 

 on the fubjeft of m'ufic, during his reign. The author ap- 

 pears to have been a learned and ingenious man. He had 

 prcvioufly publilhed " The Principles of Grammar," in 

 which he had propofed a new and more fimple orthography 

 for our language, of which Dr. Johnfon has given an ac- 

 count in the grammar prefixed to his dictionary. The Sax- 

 on and new charafters he ufcs, in order to explode fuch let- 

 ters as arc redundant, or of uncertain powers, render this 

 mufical trad fomewhat difficult to perufe. It is, however, 

 better digetled, more comprened, and replete with ufcful 

 information, than any work of the kind that appeared for 

 more than a century after Morley's " Introdufiion." The 

 quotations are perhaps too numerous, and the difplay of mu- 

 fical erudition may be thought to border on pedantry ; yet, 

 allowing thefe to be ccnfurable, the book contains more 

 knowledge, in a fmall compafs, than any other of the kind, 

 in our language. 



Butler, * » *, an eminent harpfichord matter, who 

 dnrnig many years had a conllant and numerous fucceffion 

 of feholars. He fucceeded Kecble in playing the organ at 

 Ranelagh ; was organill of St. Ann's church, Soho ; and 

 afterwards of St. Margaret's, Wcllminller ; he played the 

 harpfichord at Hickfurd's fuhfcription concert, and at fre- 

 quent b"r.efits there and elfcwhere. He was a correft but 

 not a brilliant or learned performer ; and feems never to have 

 attempted compofition. Travelling to Naples, about the year 

 1775> ^" place his fon under Piccini, after that important 

 bufinefs was done, in returning to Rome, through the Pon- 

 tine marlhcs, he was feized by the mall' aria, hke poor Bur- 

 ton, and died on the road. 



Butler, William, born at Ipfwich, about the year 

 '53')' ^^^ educated at Clare-hall, in Cambridge, where 

 fettling and praflifing medicine, he became one of the moil 

 popular pliyficians in his time, and was frequently fent for, 

 in cafts of difficulty, to dillant parts of the country. Sir 

 Theodore Mayerne gives an account of a cure performed by 

 him, in a violent defluxion on the face ; and Wood quotes 

 a cafe, in his account of Francis Prefliam, efq. in which he 

 pronounced a patient to have taken poifon, from the charge 

 produced on a piece of gold he had dire&ed him to hold in 

 his n onth ; probably, lays Aikin, it was a preparation of 

 mercury that had been fwallowed. 



Dr. Wittie, in his preface to his " Tranflation of Primerofe's 

 Vulgar Errors," fayR, he was in fuch repute, that many 

 cmp'rics, after his death, fold preparations under his name, 

 which were much fought for. He appears to have been a 



BUT 



humourid, from various (lories current concerning him ; and, 

 perhaps, like Dr. RadcliflV, he owed much of his fame and 

 fortune to that difpofition. In the year 161 j he was c?lled 

 in to attend prince Henry, with fir Theodore Mayerne. He 

 pronounced the fever to be a pellilence, and gave little hopes 

 of his recovery. Five years after, viz. January -.:9th 1617, 

 he died in the Sjd year of his age, and was buried in St. 

 Mary's church, Cambridge. He left no writings, but the 

 following elegant infcription was placed on his tomb : 



" Gulielmus Eutlerus, Clarcncis quondam focius, medi- 

 coruni omnium quos prxfens ;Etns vidit facile princcps, hoc 

 fub marmore fecuudum Chrilli adventum expeftat ; et mo- 

 numentum hoc privata pietas llatuit, quod dcbuit publica. 

 Abi viator, ct, ad tuos reverfus, narrate vidifTc locum in quo 

 fah.is jacet." 



BuTLKR, William, was born at a town in Derbyfhire, 

 in the year 1726. After the ufual fchool education, he 

 went to Edinburgh, and in 1 761 took the degree of Doftor 

 in Medicine, and published for his inaugural thefis, " Dif- 

 fertatio Medica et Chirurgica de Arteriotomia," Svo. He 

 then returned to Derby, where he praftifed medicine for 

 about ten years, when he crmic and fettled in London. In 

 1773 he publifhed a treatife on the kink-cough, the name 

 he gives to the tufTis convulliva, or whooping-cough. Iii 

 the cure he relied principally on the efficacy of theextraftum 

 cicuts, which he confidered as a fpecific in the complaint. 

 Two years after, he gave an account of the puerperal fever, 

 as it appeared in Derbyfliire and fome of the adjacent coun- 

 ties, Svo. ; and in 1794, a treatife on the difeafe commonly- 

 called angina pefto'is. This difeafe was firll defcribed by 

 Dr. Heberden. His account of it is publifhed in the fecond 

 volume of " Medical Tranfaflioiis," by the Royal College 

 of Phyficians. Dr. Butler had no doubt of its being a gouty 

 affeftion, and calls it the diaphragmatic gout, and thinks it 

 generally curable. In the fit he gives opium with aromatics. 

 For the cure he recommends pills with aloes and foap, to 

 keep the body foluble. Thefe with temperance, he fays, 

 will ufually fucceed in putting an end to the complaint. 

 While he was at Edinburgh, where lie appears to have re- 

 fided about feven years, he publifhed " A Method of Cure 

 for the Stone, chiefly by Injtflions," i imo. 1754, and 

 " Diflertatio de Frigore quatenus Morboium Caufa," Svo. 

 1757. He died at his houfe in Lower Groivenor-ftreet, 

 Mai ch Jill, 1805. European Mag. 

 Bvyler's a/f. See Ale. 



Butler's bdy, in Gengraphy, lies on the north fide of an 

 ifland, in the flraits of Magellan ; it is fmall and furrounded 

 with rocks. S. lat. ^Ji° 3;'. W. long. 74° 9'. 



Butler's 77»nf, a medicinal preparation of which the an- 

 cient chemills relate wonders. See Boyle's Works, Abr. 

 vol. i. p. ^^. 



The inventor, from whom it takes its name, was a Scotch- 

 man, in great favour with king James I. and is faid to have 

 done wonders with it, not only in the fpeedy cure of the 

 moll dangerous diflempers, but in the making of gold out 

 of lead and quickfilver. 



The preparation of this ftone is given by Morley, Colled. 

 Cliym. Leyd. cap. 375. 



Butler's totim, in Geography, a town of North America,- 

 cn the weft fide of the head-waters of the Ohio. 



BUTLERAGE, or Prisage, in Political Economy, a 

 very ancient hereditary duty belonging to the crown, which 

 is confiderably older than the cuftoms, being taken notice of 

 in the great roll of the exchequer, 8 Ric. I. iliU extant. 

 I'rifage was a right of taking two tons of wine from every 

 fliip (Englifh or foreign) importing into England twenty 

 tons or more ; one before and one behind the mail ; which 

 2 by 



