BUT 



ittVlf. It lias no bankf, but tlie frap;ir.eiit3 of rocks, no 

 l)cd but a chaniitl conipofcd of rock ilrata, among which 

 the water fcrcts it; courfe. The middle of the valley is 

 adorned, as thefe valleys in fnmc parts are, by a craggy hill; 

 on the top of whicii (lands thu fragment of a rock, that 

 look'!, in Onian's language, like thi; Jloiie of poiver, the rude 

 d- ity of dclolation, to which the Icene is fatrcd. Giljiin's 

 Toi'r to the Lakes, S;c. 



BUTTERY. — Officers in the king's buttery are a gen- 

 tleman, yeoman, and three grooms of the Ijuttcry. The but- 

 tery among us is ufually placed near the tf liar ; being com- 

 monly the i-oom next the top of the cellar Hairs. 



BUTTHARD, in Gngruphy, a town of Germany, in 

 the circle of Franconia, and bifhopric of Wurzburg. 



BUTTING, imbotarc-, in MiiUlle ^fc Writers, is ufed for 

 tunning of wine, or putting it into butts. 



BvTr\tiG-/>i//<ir. See Pillar. 



BUTTLINGEN, in Gto^raphy, a town of Germany, in 

 the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Lunenburo-h 

 Zeil. 



BUTTNERA, or Byttnera, in Botany, (in honour 

 of D. S. A. Biittner, profelTor of botany at Gottingen,) 

 Linn. gen. 268. Schreb. .566. La Marck, Illuft. 383. 

 Willd. 417. JufT. 217. Vent. vol. iii. 198. Clafs and 

 order; periianJrla monogynia. Nat. Ord. Ala/vticeie ]u(t. 



Gen. Ch. Ca/. one-leafed, five-cleft, deciduous; feg- 

 ments ovate-lanceolate, acute, widely fpreading. Cor. petals 

 five, oblong, arched inwards, a little connivent, dilated and 

 three-lobcd at their fummit ; the middle lobe extended into a 

 long filiform kind of awn, refleClcd outwards. Nedary [\ir- 

 rounding the germ, pitcher-fliaped, five- toothed. 5/am.lilameiils 

 five, awl-diaped, inlerted between the teeth of the nedlary, 

 (hort, ftretched outwards, covered by the arches of the petals : 

 anthers ovate, twinned. PIJ2- germ fuperior, globular, five- 

 furrowed : ftvle awl-fhaped, fhort ; iUgma obtufc, penta- 

 ! gonal. Perk, capfule globular, muricate, five-grained ; 

 grains two-valved, opening at the inner fide. Seeds folitary, 

 ovate. 



Eir. Ch. Cal. five-cleft ; petals five, arched, threc-lobed 

 at their iummit, the middle lobe prolonged into a filiform 

 kind of awn. Capfule five-grained, muricate. 



Sp. B. fcalra Linn. fpec. " Leaves lanceolate, rib and 

 petioles prickly." (Loef. it. 313. Aubl. Guian. i, 241, 

 t. 96.) Root perennial. Stim flirubby at bottom ; branches 

 alternate, long, angular, armed with fliort, reflexcd, cartila- 

 ginous prickles. Leaves linear-lanceolate, alternate, tooth- 

 ed ; midrib armed with recurved prickles ; lower ones pe- 

 tioled, upper feflile : ftipules two, deciduous. Flotvers axil- 

 lary, fingle, on (hort peduncles. Found by Aublct in Gui- 

 ana, between Cayenne and Couron. 2. B. carthaginevfis, 

 Linn. Mant. " Leaves ovate ; rib and petioles prickly." (B. 

 aculeata Jacq. Americ. 76. pift. 41.) Ront perennial. 

 Stem with branches fpreading on evti-y fide in the manner of 

 the common bramble, rather woody, five-cornered ; the fur- 

 rows and angles obtulc, armed with crooked reflexed prickles, 

 tender branches, roimd, prickly, alternate. Leaves fmooth, 

 quite entire, or with only one or two feiratures, alternate, 

 deciduous ; thofe on the old branches ovate, acute, four 

 inches long or more, on the younger lanceolate-acuminate, 

 lei's. Racemes fliort, aggregate, and axillary on the younger 

 branches. Flowers without fmell, fmall, white, very nu- 

 merous. A native of Carthagena and St. Domingo. Obf. 

 La Marck and Willdenow unite the two preceding ; but 

 in concurrence with profeffor Martyn, we have not ven- 

 tured to oppofe the authority of Jacquin, who affirms that 

 his aculeata and Aubkt's plant are not the fame fpecics. 

 3. B. cvala. La Marck. " Leaves ovate, ferrated ; 

 Vol. V. 



B U T 



pcti'.l,^ unnrn-fd : branches five-angled, pricklv : flctn 

 ercd." ( La Marck liluft. PI. 140. Cavan. Dill'. 5. t. 140. 

 f. 1.). 7?';o/ ptre\uiial. Slciii fiiur or five feet high, with- 

 out prickles; branches all afcending, rather (lender, green, 

 fmooth, fupple, prickly at the angles. Leaves about an 

 inch long. F/o-zvers axillary, in a fmall corymbus or umbel, 

 from three to fix together, on fhort pedtmclts. Ca/y.v with 

 five acute, expanded divifions. Pja/s trilid at their fum- 

 mit ; the middle fegment a very long purple or violet thread. 

 Found in Peru by J jfcph de Judicu, who fent feeds to the 

 Royal garden at Paris. Dtfcribcd from the living plant by 

 La Marck. 4. B. corJala. La Marck (BLittntra aculeata 

 Dombey Herb. Pcruv.) "Leaves cordate, acuminate, 

 ferrated, pubefccnt beneath ; petioles without prickles. 

 Stem prickly." A Sarmentofe (hrub about eight feet high. 

 5'/;7« five-angled ; piickles on the angks incurvd. Leaves 

 three inches broad. Floiuers whitilh, in fmall, pedunckd, ax- 

 illary umbels. Cnpfules round, (lightly hifpid. Found br 

 Dombey in the neighbourhood of Lima in Peru. 5. B. tt- 

 relicaulis. La Marck. " Leaves ovate-lanccolate, acumi- 

 nate, very entire : branches prickly, round." La Marck 

 111. PI. 140. f. 2. Branches a little pubefccnt. Leaves 

 petiuled, two inches long, about half an inch broad. Cap- 

 fulcs fmall, round, more hifpid than the preceding. Native 

 of Peru, gathered by Jofeph de JulTieu. 6. B. mkrophylia. 

 Linn. Mant. " Branches zigzag, even ; leaves ovate, ob- 

 tufe, on (hort peduncles." La Marck. A (hrub. Stem 

 four or five feet high, much branched at its fummit ; prickles 

 folitary, ilipular, horizontal : branches green, fmooth, fup- 

 ple, obtufely angular. Leaves fomctimes emarginate, entire, 

 fmooth, about half an inch long. Flowers fmall, whitidi 

 green, peduncled, axillary, from three to five together. 

 Calyx one-leafed, with five fpreading divifions. Petals trifid; 

 fegments linear, the lateral ones the (horttft. Capfule thorny 

 all over. La Marck. A native of America, cultivated in 

 the Imperial garden at Vienna. 7. B. herhacca. Willd. 

 " Leaves heart-lhaped, toothed, without glands ; ftem herba- 

 ceous, without prickles." Willd. Roxb. Corom. i. tab, 29. 

 A native of the Ealf Indies, on the fummits of mountains. 

 8. B. catalpcefolia. Willd. " Leaves heart-fiiapcd, very 

 entire ; ftem climbing, without prickles." Jacq. Hort. 

 Sch. t. 46. A native of Caracas in South America. 



BUTTOCK, in Ship BvMng, that part of the after 

 body of a (hip, bounded by the counter and quarters, and 

 having the flern poll in the middle. The buttock is the 

 fupport of the after part of the fliip ; it ought not, however, 

 to be too full, becaufe then the (liip would be difficult to 

 (leer : nor too lean, as, in a rough fea, the after part will 

 fall down too much. 



BUTTOCKS of a horfe, in the Manege, are fituated be- 

 low the crupper and the origin of the tail, and extend to 

 the place where the hind-leg joins the body. 



BUTTON, in its mod ordinary acceptation, fignifies a 

 well known appendage to garments for conveniently faftening 

 them together. 



Triflmg as this article may appear to fome of our readers 

 to be in itfelf, there is certainly no manufafture which in- 

 eludes fuch an infinite variety of operations as that of the 

 button-maker. The number of fubftanccs of which they 

 are made is almoft inconceivable, and each requires a diftindl 

 fet of manipulations. Amougfl them are gold, filver, plated 

 copper, white metal, pinchbeck, llccl, japanned tin, glafs, 

 foil ftones, mother of pearl, ivory, bone, horn, tortoife- 

 (liell, jet, cannel-coal, paper, leather, and a thoufand others ; 

 ex'clufive of thofe buttons which confilt of a mould of wood 

 or bone covered with filk or mohair, and the manufadure 

 of which belongs to a different clafs of artifajis. Tt would 



4 H very 



