BUT 



forfeiture, to be feized and kept in faFe cuftody, to be pro- 

 diiceJ as evidence up m any adion, or c;uifo tliern to be 

 dcllroyt'd. Pecuiiiary pcnakies miy alio b: adjudged by 

 two juilices in the plactr where tlie nfTc-nder refides, or the 

 oiTence is comiHitted. Thi< aft, however, does not extend 

 to buttons made of gold, (ilver, tin, pewter, lead, or mix- 

 ture of tin and lead, or iron tinned, or of Bath or white 

 metal, or any of tlicfe metals inlaid with Heel, or buttons 

 plated upon fhells. 



Button, in Botany, a term fometimes ufed for a bud, in 

 the technical language of the Frei ch naturalills ; it is the 

 middle Hate between the eye and the burgeon. 



Button, in BuilJlng, denotes a flight fallcning for a door 

 or window, made to turn on a nail. 



Button of a lock, denotes a round head ferving to move 



the bolt. , . , • 



Button, in Ch:m:Jliy, fignifics the metal which is col- 

 lefted generally in a roundifii mufs at the bottom of a cru- 

 cible after fufion, or which remains in the cupels after 

 cupcUation. 



Button, in Fciidng, fignifies the end or tip of a foil, be- 

 inT made roundifli, and iifually covered with leather, to pre- 

 vent making contuGons in the body. 



Button of the reins of a bridle, in the Manege, is a ring 

 of leather, with the reins put through it, running all along 

 the length of the reins. See Bridle. 



To put a horfc under the button, is when he is flopped, 

 having no rider on his back, by the reins being laid on 

 his neck, and the button lowered, fo far that the horfe's 

 head is brought in by the reins, and fi.\ed to the true 

 pofture or carriage. 



Buttons, in reference to the Rigging of a fliip, denote 

 fmall pieces of thick leather under the heads of nails that are 

 driven through ropes. 



Button and Loop, a fliort piece of rope, having at one 

 end a walnut knot, crowned, and at the other end an eye. 

 It is ufed as a becket to confine ropes in. 



Button'^ Bay, in Geography, lies on the weft fide of 

 Hudfon's bay, north of, and near to Churchill river. It is 

 fo called from fir Thomas Button, who, attempting to difco- 

 ver a north-well paflage, loll his (hip, and came home in a floop 

 built in the country. 



Button V IJles, are five fmall idands at the fouth end of 

 Hudfon's llraits, near the north coaft of Labrador, and near 

 the entrance of cape Chidley. N. lat. 60° 18' to 60" 40'. 

 W.long. 6.5°io'. 



Button IJland, called alfo Bern ijland, an ifland of the 

 Indian ocean, north of Java, and near Banca and Billiton. 

 6- lat. 5° 49'. E. long. lO";" 48' jjo". This ifland, as well 

 as the Cap in the fame longitude and S. lat. jo° 58' 30", are 

 fleep and rugged, and dilficult of accefs. At a little dillancc 

 they appear like the remains of old caftles, mouldering into 

 ruin, with tall trees growing upon the tops of them ; but, 

 at a nearer view, they exhibit traces of a volcanic origin. In 

 the Cap are two caverns, running horizontally into the fide 

 of a rock, and containing a number of the birds' ntlls, fo 

 much prized by Chinefe epicures. See Birds' Nejis. 



BvTTOiiJlone, in Nalural Hiftory, a kind of figured ftone 

 fo denominated from its refembliiig the button of a gar- 

 ment. 



Dr. Hook gives the figure of three forts of button-ftones, 

 which feem to have been nothing elfe but the filling up of 

 three feveral forts of ftiells. They are all of them very hard 

 flints, and have this in common, that they confift of two 

 bodies, which feem to have been the filling up of two holes 

 •r vents in the (hell. PoRh. Works, p. 284. Dr. Plott 



BUT 



defcribcs a new fpecies of button-ftone, finely ftriated from 

 the top, after the manner of fome hair buttons, on which 

 account it may be denomirated porpiles, unlefs we (hould 

 rather take it for a new fpecies of cchinites. Hill. Oxf. 

 chap. 5. § 178. 



This name is alfo given to a peculiar fpecies of flate 

 found in the marquifate of Bareitli, in a mountain called 

 Ficlitelberg ; which is extremely different from the common 

 forts of flate, in that it runs with great eafe into glafsin five 

 or fix hours time, without the addition of any fait, or other 

 foreign fubllance, to promote its vitrification, as other Hones 

 require. 



It contains in itfcif all the principles of glafs, and really 

 has mixed in its fubllance the things neceffary to be added 

 to promote the fufion of other llony bodies. 



The Swedes and Germans make buttons of the glafs pro- 

 duced from it, which is very black and fliininj.'', and it has 

 hence its namt button-Hone. They make feveral other things 

 alfo of this glafs, as the handles of knives, and the like, and 

 fend a large quantity of it unwrought in round cakes, as it 

 cools from the fufion, into Holland. 



B u t t o N -.V<?f , or Button-iuood, in Botany. SeeCiiPHA- 

 I.ANTHUS and Conocarpus. In North America the 

 Platanus occidcntalis is alfo called button-wood. 

 BuTTON-wcffl'. See Spermacoce. 



BUTTONNESS, in Geography, a cape of Scotland, on 

 the fouth-eaft extremity of the county of Angus, in the 

 German ocean, at the north-weft of the entrance into the 

 frith of Tay; 9 miles E. of Dundee. N.lat. 56° 26'. 

 W. long. I°,5,5'. 



BUTTRESS, a hutment, or mafs of ftone, or brick, ferv. 

 ing to prop or fupport the fides of a building, wall, or the 

 like, on the outfide ; where it is either ^ery high, or has any 

 confiderable load to fuHain on the other fide, as a bank of 

 earth, &c. See Arch, and Arc-boutant. 



The theory and rules of biiltreffes, or props for eafing 

 walls, is ranked among the defiderata of architctlure. They 

 are ufually placed leaning againll the edifice they are to 

 fuHain. We find them ufed againil the angles of fteeples, 

 churches, and other buildings of Hone ; alfo along the walls 

 of fuch buildings as have great and heavy roofs, which 

 would otherwife be fnbjeft to thruft the wall out. They 

 are alfo placed as fupports againft the feet of arches turned 

 erofs great halls, in old palaces, &c. and are much ufed in 

 fortification. 



Buttress, Buttrice, or Butteris, likewife denotes 

 a tool, made of Heel and fitted to a wooden handle, ufed by 

 farriers, to pierce the fole of a horfe's foot, which is over- 

 grown ; to pare the hoof; to fit the (hoe ; and to cut off 

 the fldrts of the fole that overcaH the (hoe. 



BUTTS, William, in Biography, born towards the end 

 of the 15th century, was educated at Gonville college in 

 Cambridge, where he appears to have taken his degree of 

 doftor in medicine. Being dillinguifhed for his fuperior 

 abilities, he was appointed phyfician to king Henry VIII. ; 

 and though he was not one of the founders of the College 

 of Phyficians, as Granger calls him, he was one of their 

 early members, being admitted in the year I J29 ; and was 

 in fuch repute for his learning, that Dr. Caius dedicated his 

 works to him. It is alfo probable that he affifted the furgeons 

 in procuring their charter, as his portrait is among thofe of 

 the members who were prefent when it was delivered to the 

 company. Goodall's College of Phyficians. Aikin's Biog. 

 Mem. of Medicine. 



BUTTSTADT, or Buttstett, in Geography, a town 

 of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and principality 



of 



