C A A 



gaHeries, and adorned with p;iMed fpires and cicfcetits, as 

 are the cupolas which cover thv pia//,a and other buildings. 

 Between the pilars of both iiiclofiires hang a gvcat inimbor 

 of lamps, which are conftantly liirhted at night. Tlie firll 

 foundations of this outward incl liure were laid by Omar, 

 the ftcond caliph, who built no niove than a low wall, to 

 prevent the court of the Caaba, before open, from being en- 

 croached on by private buildings ; but tht llruilure lias been 

 fince railed, by the liberality of many fucceeding pinces 

 and great men, to its prefent liillre. The precinfts ot Mec- 

 ca, to the diftaace of lO miles from tli / Caabn, are coiifider- 

 cd as facrcd, fo that in thcfe it is not lawful to attack an 

 enemy, or even to hunt or fowl, or cut a branch from a 

 tree ; and they have long ago enjoyed the rights of fanc- 

 tuary. The ceremonies prefcribtd to the pilgrims on their 

 arrival at Mecca, conlld chiefly in pioceiTioiis round the 

 Caaba, rurmirg. between the mounts Safa and Mcrwa, making 

 the llation on mount Arafat, flaj-ing.the viftims, and fhaving, 

 their heads in the v.i'l-y of Miiia. 



In corr.pafling the Caaba, which they do feven times, be- 

 ginning at the corner where the black-ftone is fixed, they 

 move with a quick pace the three iirll times of perambulat- 

 ing it, and make a more quick progrefs during the four iail 

 circuits ; in conformity, as they lay, to the iiillrudtions of 

 Mahomet, who dirciftcd his followers thus to (hew them- 

 felves Ibong and aiSive to cut off the hopes of the infidels, 

 who had given out, that the im;noderate heats of Medina 

 had rendered triem weak. As often as they pafs the black- 

 ftone, they either kifs it, or touch it with their hand, and 

 kifs that. At the clofc of the ceremonies, the pilgrims flay 

 their viftims in the valley of M'l.a; and thefe mull be flieep, 

 goats, kine, or camels ; part of thefe is eaten by themfelves 

 and their friends, and the lelt diftributed to the poor. Hav- 

 ing concluded their facriliccs, they (have their heads and cut 

 their nails, burying both in the confecrated ground, and then 

 vifit the Caaba to take their final leave of the facred building. 



Tliefe ceremonies, as the Mahometans allow, were ob- 

 ferved by the Pagan Arabs many ages before the appearance 

 of their prophet; and were cotifirmcd by Mahomet, with 

 fome few alterations. He ordered, that when they com- 

 paffed the Caaba, they (hould be cloathed, whereas, before 

 his time, they performed this piece of devotion naked. Each 

 tribe either found or introduced into the Caaba their domeftic 

 worlhip : the temple was adorned, or defiled, with 560 

 idols of men, eagles, lions, and antelopes ; and moll con- 

 fpicuous was the ilatue of Hebal, of red agate, holding in 

 his hand feven arrows, without heads or feathers, the in- 

 ftruments and fymbols of profane divination. But Mahomet 

 dellroycd thefe idols, fanftified the Caaba, and made it the 

 chief place of refort and worfliip for all devout believers. 

 With regard to the proceffion round the Caaba, Reland (De 

 Rel. Mah. p. 123.) obferves, that the Romans had a cere- 

 mony of this kind in their worfliip : as they were ordered by 

 Numa (fee Plutarch on Numa) to ufe a circular motion in 

 the adoration of the gods, either to rcprefent the orbicular 

 motion of the world, or the perfefting the whole office of 

 prayer to that God who is maker of the univerfe, or elfe in al- 

 lufion to the Egyptian wheels, which were hieroglyphics of 

 the inilability of human fortune. D'Herbelot. Bib. Or. 

 Sale's Prel. Difc. to the Koran, p. 114. 122. 



CAAMINI, in Botany, a name given by the Spaniards 

 and others to the fineil fort of the Paraguay tea. It is the 

 leaves of a (hrub which grows on the mountains of Mara- 

 caya, and is ufed in Chili and Peru as the tea is with 

 us. The mountains, where the trees which produce this 

 valuable leaf grow naturally, are far from the inhabited 

 parts of Paraguay ; but the people of the place know fo 



CAB 



well the value and ufe of It, that they conRanily furnift 

 themfelves with great quantities of it from the fpot. Thty 

 ufed to go out on thefe cxpeiiitioiis many thoufands to- 

 gether, and their country was left to the infiilts of their 

 enemies in the mean lime, and many of them ptriflied with 

 the fatigue. 



To remedy thefe inconveniences, they have of late planted 

 the trees about their habitations ; but the leaves of thefe 

 cultivated trees have not the fine flavour or the virtues of 

 the wild ones. The king of Spain has permitted the In- 

 dians of Para-;uay to bring to the town of Santfoy, twelve 

 thoufanu arobes of the leaves of this, tree every year : but 

 they are not able to procure fo much of the wild leaves 

 annually ; about half the quantity is the utmoll they bring 

 of this ; the other half is made np of the leaves of the trees 

 in their own plantations, and this fells at a lower price, and 

 is called /i.tZ/o/. The arobe is about (\'^it and twenty pounds 

 weight ; the general price is four piallres for the arobe, and 

 the money is always divided equally among the people of the 

 colony. 



CAANA, in Geography. See Kenne. 



CAAN rjE of Verkenflvop, in Icliylhyology, the AcA- 

 RAUNA of Marcgrave, Willughby, Kay, &e. and the 

 ChjEtodon Nigricans of Gmelin, which fee. 



CAAOPIA, in Botany, the Brafilian name of Hypericum 

 hacajirmn. 



CAAPEBA. See Cissampelus. 



CAB, or Kab, denotes a Hebrew meafure of capacity, 

 equal to the fixth part of the feah, or an eighteenth of 

 the ephah. Arbuthnot's Tab. Anc. Coins, &c. n. 14. 

 and 15. 



The cab of wine contained two Englifli pints ; the cab of 

 corn, 2,^ pints corn meafure. 



We alfo find mention of the cab as a dry raeafure, in Gre- 

 cian and Roman writers : fomc make it equal to the Grecian 

 choenix, and afiert it to be the quantity of what a labourer 

 eats per day, as afiigned by Cato. 



CAB ACOS, in Gtography, a market town of Portugal, in 

 Eftrcmadiira, 4 leagues from Efpinhal, and 4 from Thomar, 

 fituate on a plain in a pleafaiit country neartiie river Nabao, 

 and almolt encompafled by hills, which confill partly of 

 fand-llone and partly of lime- (lone. This town formerly 

 belonged to the knights-teinplars, after the dellrudlion of 

 which it was transferred to that of Chrill. The plain on 

 which it Hands is almofl entirely covered' with olive-trees, 

 and in its vicinity are cork trees. 



CABAIGUAN, a town of the ifland of Cuba, 35 miles 

 S.E. of Villa del Principe. 



CABAL, a name given to a fort of drink made of dried 

 raifins. The manner in which the Poituguefe make cabal is 

 this; they take out the Hones of about twenty pounds of 

 raifins, and then bruiring the taifins a little, they put them 

 into a barrel of white wmc, in the month of January or 

 February, and let them Hand till about Ealler. It is then 

 very clear and rich, liifcious and palatable to the talle. It 

 is reconim.ended to ftop coughs, and give ilrength to the 

 ftomach. It is worth while to try the experiment with the 

 fame proportion of raifins to the fame quantity of our Englifh 

 cvder, which would probably prove a fine drink. Phil. 

 Tranf. N" 157. 



Cabal, in EngliJI} Hi/lory, an appropriate appellation, 

 dillingui.liing the infamous minidry of Charles II. and 

 formed of the initial letters of their names, viz. Clifford, 

 Afhicy, Buckingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale. Lord 

 Clifl^ord was an undifguifed papill ; the earl of Arlington, a 

 concealed one ; Buckingham was a debauchee, and reputed 

 an atheill ; Shaftfbury was a man of acknowlcd genius, but, 



according 



