CAD 



" Extiiiftum nvmphx crud^li funere Daplinim 

 Flcbaiit." EcUitT. V. 20. 



Joy, on the other hand, demands the rapidity of d:ic- 

 tylcs ; r. g. 

 •' Siihantes fatyros iinitabitur Alphefibcens." F.ilog. V. 73. 



To txprels foftnefs, we mull I'tlcA words conlilling of 

 many vowels, with fmooth a;:d flowing cnnlonants ; and 

 avoid fnch fyllables as are compofed of feveral confonants, 

 harlh elilions, and rough letters or afpirates ; c. g. 



•' Devenere locos laitos, et amoena vircta 

 Fortunatorum nemorum, fcdefque beatas " 



JEn. VI. 638. 



In exprefTing ronghnefs, we mud chiife words which be- 

 gin and end with an r, or which double the r ; rough con- 

 l"o;iants, as the x, or the afpirate /> ; words formed of 

 double confot-ants ; andtlilions: e.g. 

 •' Ergo xgre rallris terram rimantur." Georg. III. 5 ;4- 



Lightnefs a id fwiftnefs are expreffed by daftyles : e. g. 

 " Mox acre lapfa qiiieto 



Radit iter liquidum, celeres neque commovet al:is." 



iEn. V. 2li5. 



Heavinefs, on the other hand, requires fpondecs : e.g. 



*' lUi inter fcfe magna vi brachia toUunt 

 In numerum, verfantque tenaci forcipe ferrum." 



Georg. IV. 174. 



In other cadences, words placed at the end have a pecu- 

 liar force or grace ; e. g. 



" Vox quoque per lucos Tulgo exaudita filentes 

 Ingcns." Georg. I. 476. 



See Order, Junctuie, and Number. 



Cadence, in Reading, denotes the falling or lowering of 

 the Voice below the key note at the clofe of every period. 

 They key-note, in fpeaking, is that tone or found with 

 which the modulation commences, and it is generally 

 continued through every complete fentence or period ; 

 and to this the occafional inflexions of the voice, 

 either above or below it, may be fuppofed to refer. Of 

 courfe the tones that fall a little lower than the key at the 

 clofe of a fentence or period, are called cadences ; and they 

 are fomctimes diftinguiflied into two kinds, under the ap- 

 propriate epithets of _^^nyfcrtn/ and ornammtal ; the former 

 ierve to mark the fenfe and the latter to decorate the mo- 

 dulation. In many extenfive and long periods, the full 

 fenfe of which is long fufpended, and where the final words 

 are not .^ry important, the cadence is a kind of notice of 

 their termination, diftinft from the paufe, which, befidcs 

 the ornamental variety it afford5, is a very neceffary and 

 ufeful article in perfpiciious elocution. As this cadence 

 naturally accompanies the termination of every entire fenfe, it 

 onay fometimes fall before the femicolon, but more generally 

 before the colon, as well as the period ; for thefe marks 

 are often found to terminate a complete fenfe; and in fuch cafes 

 the relation of that which follows to that which preceded, 

 is fignified to the mind by the relative fhortnefs of the Hop, 

 and the mode of introducing the additional matter. See 

 Modi;lation, Pause, and Punctuation. 



CADENCED. An air or melody in mufic is faid to be 

 well cadenced, when the rhythm is good, the accents well 

 placed, and the paffagcs well phrafed. See Rhythm, Ac- 

 cent, and Phrase. 



CADENCY, in Heraldry, the (late or quality of a cadet. 

 Nifbet has an effay on the additional figures and marks of 

 cadency. See Diminution. 



CA-DENE, in Commerce, one of the forts of carpets 

 which the Europeans import from the Levant, by way of 

 Smyrna. They are the worft fort, and are commonly fold 

 by the piece from one to two piaftres per carpet. 



CADENET, in Geography, a town of France in the 



CAD 



department of Vauclufe, and chief place of a canton in the 

 dilhld of Apt, near the Durance, thrte leagues S. of Apt. 

 The town contains 20/51, and the canton bitiii inhabitants: 

 the territory comprehends 260 kiliometres and 9 communes. 

 N. lat. 43^ 40'. E. long, ^-i" 30'. 



CADENbO, or Cadenio, one of the Laccadive iflands 

 in the Indian lea. N. lat. 11° 50'. E. long. 72^ 3:''. 



CADENZ A yH^j^/Va.in the //a//i37;A^///7c,isnLd when apart 

 inllead of afcending or defcending the proper interval, to 

 form a cadence, proceeds by foine other interval. For iu- 

 (lance, when the bafs, inftead of rifing a fourth or falling a 

 fifth, afcends only by a tone, or fcmitone-major. 



Ex. 



Ex. 



GA 



Thus, in Ex. I. where the bafs, inftead of proceedinnr to 

 C, the key-note, after G, goes to A. Thus alfo, in Ex. 2. 

 after E, the car would naturally expeft to hear A the key- 

 note: but this is avoided, and F put in its place. 



The interrupted and difappointed cadences in recitative 

 are innumerable: being governed by the dialogiie ; in which 

 a full and formal clofe from the chord of the fifth to the key- 

 note feldom occurs, except in the laft bar of the recitation 

 preceding an air. 



CADEQUIA, in Geography, a Tea-port town of Spain 

 in Catalonia, 5 miles N. E. of Rofas. 



CADER, a town of Afia, in the Arabian Irak, on the 

 Tigris; 100 miles S. of Bagdad. 



CADER-IDRIS, the Chair of Idris, a lofty moun- 

 tain near Dolgellau in Merionethlhire, North Wales, in height 

 the fecond of the principality, is fo called from a tradition of 

 its having been a fortrefs belonging to Idris, who is fuppof- 

 ed to have been a prince of thefe parts in ancient times. It 

 is alfo faid that Idris was a famous poet, aftronomer, and 

 philofopher, and that the fummit of Cader-Idris was his fa- 

 vourite feat and obfervatory. Mr. Rowland in his " Mona 

 Antiqua," (p. 84.) fays, that the ancients decyphered af- 

 tronomy by the name of Edris; a name attributed to Enoch, 

 whom they took to be the founder of aftronomy ; whence 

 he derives Cader-Idris ; and he adds that not far off there is 

 another place, called " Cerrig-Brudyn," i. e. the aftrono- 

 mer's ftones or circle. Accordingly the former of thefe 

 places may have been the refidence, and the latter the obfer- 

 vatory of thofe druids in the Ifle of Anglefey, who applied 

 particularly to the ftudy of aftronomy. 



This mountain rifes on the fea-fhore, clofe upon the north, 

 ern fide of the eftuary of the fmall river Difynwy, about a 

 mile from Towyn. It proceeds with almoft a continual 

 afcent, firft northwards for about 3 miles, then for 10 

 miles further it runs E.N.E. giving out for its fummit a 

 branch nearly 5 miles long, in a fouth-wefterly direftion, pa- 

 rallel to the main ridge. It is very fteep and craggy on 

 eveiy fide, but the fouthern defcent, efpecially to the border 

 of Talyllyn lake, is the moll precipitous, being nearly per- 

 pendicular. The breadth bears but a fmall proportion to itr 

 length; a line paflingalongits bafe and interfedtingthefiin>mit, 

 would fcarcely equal 4^ miles ; and in the other parts u is a 

 mere ridge, whofe bafe hardly ever exceeds i mile in breadth. 

 Its peak, called " Pen-yGac'.er," is faid by Pennant (Snow- 

 donia, p. 98.) to be 2850 feet above Do'ghellau. Cader 

 Idris is the commencement of a chain of primitive moun» 

 tains, extending in the N. N. Eafterly direftion, and includ- 

 ing the Arrans and the Arennigs. It is much more lofty and 

 craggy than the Dates and fecundary mountains, whith fiir- 



round 



