CAD 



rouii'l it, and confids of filiccous pnvpliyiy, and filiccons 

 fchiltofi-- porphyry, both in mafs and iiittrfeClcd by veins of 

 <,iiart7., argillaceous porphyry in mafs, and granitill of Kir- 

 wan ill mafs, compofcd of quartz and fchorl. Here are 

 foniid alio fi:vcral rocks, cont.iininjr the component parts of 

 quartz and porphyry, with fo great a proportion of white 

 and firoak-coloured greafy -looking quartz as almoll to con- 

 ceal the other ingredients. In fevcral fp-.-cimcns the felfpar, 

 liaving been decompofed, has fallen out and given the quartz 

 a porous appearance, which accounts for the porous lava 

 faid by feme travellers to have been found here. There arc no 

 mines in Cider-ldris, or the neighbourhood. At the loot 

 of this mountain is a fmall lake, called " Llyn-y-Gaiier;" 

 above the exterior ridge is another deep and clear lake, kept 

 conftantly full by the numerous tributary torrents that fall 

 down the furrouuding rocks: and at a (till higher elevation, 

 is a fccoiid lake, cltar as glals, and overlooked by deep cliffs 

 fo as to refemble the crater of a volcano, accurately rcprc- 

 fented in Wilfon's excellrnt view of Cader-Idris. Some tra- 

 vellers have mentioned their having found lava and other vol- 

 canic produftious here: but Mr. Aikin and his companion-;, 

 who alcended this mountain, could difeover nothing of this 

 kind; nor did the water of the lake appear to differ in 

 any refpeft from the p.ircft rock-«ater, though it was 

 repeatedly tried with the moft delicate chemical telfs. 

 A clear, loud, and diftinft echo repeats every fliout 

 that is made near this lake. On the fummit of the 

 mountain is a fmall plain, with two rocky heads of nearly 

 equal height, one looking to the north, the other to the 

 fouth. In the former dirtilion Snowdon and its dependen- 

 cies fliut up the fcene ; on the well was feen the whole curve 

 of the bay of Cardigan, bounded at a vaft diftance by the 

 Caernarvon mountains, and nearer, difhing its white break- 

 ers againft the rocky coaft of Merioneth. The fouthern 

 horizon was bounded by Phiilimmon, and on the eall the 

 eye glanced over the lake of D.ila, the two Arennig moun- 

 tains, the two Arrans, the long chain of the Bervvyn moun- 

 tains, to the Breiddyn hills on the confines of Shropfliire; 

 and dimly in the dillant horizon, was beheld the Wrekin, 

 rifing alone from the plain of Salop. On the oppofite fide 

 of the mountain, by which thefe travellers defcended, they 

 found another beautiful mountain lake, whofe cold clear 

 waters difcharge their fuperabundance in a full ttream down 

 the fide of the mountain. All thefe waters abound with 

 trout, and in fome is found the Gwyniad, a fifli peculiar to 

 rocky alpine lakes. Following the courfe of the ilreaiii, 

 they came on the edge of the cragjjy cliffs that overlook 

 Talyllyn lake; and after a long and difficult dcfcent they 

 Hrrived on the borders of Talyllyn, where they entered the 

 Dolghellau road. The plants which they found were lobelia 

 dortmanna, in all the lakes, efpecially in Llyn-y-gader; fax- 

 ifraga hypnoides; S. nivalis; lycopodium iclago ; L. clava. 

 turn ; feftuca vivipara ; vaccinium vitis-idara ; gnapl'.aliuni di- 

 oicum ; pteris crifpa ; narthecium offifragum ; pinguicula 

 vulgaris; fedum rupeftre ; S. telephium, &c. 



Beneath Tyrrau Mawr, one of the points of Cader-Idris, 

 and on the right are fome remains of ch\-.';s of upright Hones, 

 with many earns, and ieveral nmcm-binoii, of rude, upright 

 columns. At a fmall diltanee beyond thtfe, near the river 

 Krogennan, are the remains of " Llys Bradwen," or the pa- 

 lace of Ednawain, chief of one of the fifteen tribes of North 

 Wales, about the reign of Gruffydi^l "P Cynan, meafuring 

 nearly 30 yards fquare: having an entrance 7 feet wide, with 

 a large upright ftone on each fide as a door-cafe : the walls 

 are rude and uncemented. Aikiii's Tour. 8vo. 1797. 

 Evans's Cambrian Itinerary. 8vo. t8oi. 



CADEROUSSE, a town of France, in the country of 

 Venaiflin ; i league W. of Orange. 

 Vol. V. 



CAD 



C.\DES, in ylnc'uKt Geography. Sec Kadtsh. 

 CADESIA, a town of Perfia, in the province of the' 

 Babylonian or Chaldean Irak, on the verge of the Defert, 

 (n leagues from Bagdad, and 2 ftations, or 15 parafangs, 

 from Cufa. It became famous among the Arabs for the do- 

 feat of the Perfians, in the battle fought in the 15th year of 

 the Ilegira, (A.D. 6j6.) under the caliphate of Oinav, by 

 Saad, Ion of Abuvacaz, general of the Arabs, againft Ruf- 

 tam, furnanicd Ferokhzad, general of Jczdcgcrd, the lall 

 ki ig of Perfia, of the dynady of Chofroes, or of the Safani- 

 de:. The army of the Moflems confided of ,?o,ooo men ; 

 but that of the Perfians was much more numerous. The 

 combat laded three days, and the feveral periods of it were 

 didmgiiifhed by their peculiar appellations : the fird, frjm 

 the fealonable appearance of (^000 of the Syrian brethren, 

 was denominated the day oi/ituour. The day of rnr.aijwn 

 expreircd the dlforder of one, or, pirhnps, of both, of 

 the contending aimies. The third, a noflurnal tumult, re- 

 ceived the whiiiifical name of the night of Icriing, from the 

 dilcordant clamours whicli were compared to the inarticulate 

 founds of the ficrced animals. The miniingof the fuecccd- 

 iiig day determined the fate of Perfia ; and a fcafonable whirl- 

 wind drove a cloud of dud againll the faces of the unbelievers. 

 The cLmgor of arms was re-echoed to the tert of Rudam, 

 who was gently reclining in a cool and tranquil fliaJe, amidll 

 the baggage of his camp, and the train of nnile;, that were 

 laden with gold and iilver. On the found of danger he 

 darted from his couch ; but he was overtaken in his flight 

 by a valiant Arab, who caught him by the foot, druck off 

 his head, hoidcd it on a lance, and indantly returning to the 

 field of battle, carried daughter and difmay among the 

 thicked ranks of the Perfians. This battle has been juftly 

 delcribed by the epithets of obdinate and atrocious ; and the 

 Saracens acknowledge a lofs of 7500 men. The ftandard of 

 the Perfian monarchy was overthrown and cajitured in the 

 field ; vvhich dandard was a leathern apron of a blackfmith, 

 who, in ancient times, had arifen the deliverer of Perfia ; but 

 this badge of heroic poverty was difguifcd, and almod con- 

 cealed by a pi ofufion of precious gems. After this victory, the 

 wealthy province of Irak, or Ad'yiia, fnbmittcd to the caliph ; 

 and hiscoiiqueds were firmly edablidicd by the fpeedy founda- 

 tion of Bufiora, a place which ever commands the trade and 

 navigation of the Perfians. D'Hcrbelot. Bib. Orient. 

 Gibbon's Hid. vol. ix. p. 3(^7, &;c. 



CADET, the younger brother of a family : a term na- 

 turalized in our language from the French. 



In Paris, among the citizens, the cadets have an equal 

 portion with the elded ; in other places the cldeil has all. 

 According to the cuftom of Spain, one of the cadets, in 

 great families, takes the mother's name. 



Cadkt alfo denotes a young gcntleman-foldier, who, to 

 attain to fome knowledge in the art of war, and in expecta- 

 tion of preferment, choofes to carry arins as a private man 

 in a company of foot. 



Cadet diders from volunteer, as the former takes pay, 

 though only that of a private man, whereas the latter fervei 

 without pay. 



In 1CS2, the king of France edablidicd companies of ca- 

 dtts, wherein the young gentry were trained up to war, and 

 taught the arts and exercifes belonging thereto, as riding, 

 fencing, mathematics, &c. 



Cadet, Claude, in Biography, one of the phyficiana to 

 Lewis XIV. was born at a village near Troyes, in 1695. 

 Applying diligently to the dudy of medicine and furgery, 

 at the age of 2 i, he was fcnt to Paris, and admitted among 

 the attending furgcons at the Hotel Dieii, where he pro- 

 fited fo well by the opportunities which offered for informa. 

 tion, that in 1724, he was admitted of St. Corae, and at. 

 4 Ci^ rained 



