CAD 



CAD 



capital officer of juftice among the Turks, anfwering to a 

 cliief-jiiftice among us. 



Tlie word comej from the Arabic Lttdi, judge, tlic par- 

 ticle nl, and nfchar, army ; as being at their firll inltitutiou 

 chiefly judges of the foldiery ; of whofe caufes they have !lill 

 the lole cognizance. D'Herbelot writes the name cadi- 

 hjhar, or cndhi-ajher. 



It is faid that this authority was originally confined to the 

 foldiery ; but th:-it at prcfent it extends itfelf to the deter- 

 mination of ail kinds of law fuits ; yet, nevcrthelefs, fubjecl 

 to appeals. 



At Conftantinople there are two cadilefehers, who fuper- 

 intend the concerns of the Ottoman empire; one of Roma- 

 nia, or of Turkey in Europe, and the other of Natolia, or 

 of Turkeyin Alia. They were formerly the judges of mili- 

 tary men, the former for European Turkey, and th; latter 

 for the Aliatic countries, when the Sultan commnndcd them 

 jn perfon. The cadilefcher of Romania was tlien charged 

 to decide on the affairs of the MufTulmans, and the other on 

 thofe of the tributary fubjefts. For fome time pad, the 

 former has the pre eminence over the latter, and determines 

 alone all the caufes carried to his tribunal, by the fole will 

 and at the requeft of the plaintiffs. The tribunud of the 

 cadilefcher of Natolia has been a long time fupprcfied as 

 . ufelefs. They both afTill at the divan of the grand vifir, 

 hear and difcufs the bufniefs brought before them ; after 

 which the cadilefcher of Romania alone pronounces the fen- 

 tence. The mufti prefents annually a lill to the fultan for 

 the nomination of two cadilelchers, of the ftambol effcndi, 

 of the mollas of Mecca and of Medina, of thnfe of Burfa, 

 Adrianople, Cairo, and Damafcus, as well as of thofe of Je- 

 rufalem, Aleppo, Smyrna, I^arifla, Salonica, Scutari, Ga- 

 lata, and Aijup, which is one of the fuburbs of Conftanti- 

 nople. It is.commonly according to the rank of feniority that 

 the choice is made, when favour does not advance fome pro- 

 teiSed perfon, or the Ion of fome great man. When cholen, 

 the cadilefehers remain in place only a year ; but the cadilef- 

 cher of Natolia generally fucceeds that of Romania, and the 

 former has before pafted through the fame rank. To thtm 

 it belongs to appoint all the fimple cadis of the empire ; ;uid 

 this circumftance renders their place, in a country where 

 every thing is venal, very lucrative, independently of the 

 appanages which they poflcfs. The cadilelchcr of Romania 

 appoints the cadis of Turkey in Europe, and that of Nato- 

 lia appoints thofe of Aha and Egypt. Subordinate to them 

 is the llambol-effendi, molla, or judge of the capital. See 

 Stambol-effendi. The cadilefehers are fometimes ad- 

 vanced to the rank of nmft'i (which fee) ; but according to 

 the tlfabliftied order, he muft be cholen from am.oiig the 

 cadilefehers of Romania, and thofe who have occupied that 

 employment. Thofe who afpire to the office of cadileleher 

 mutt pafs through a previous courfe of education. For this 

 purpofe there are attached to the imperial mofques of Con- 

 ftantinople, Burfa, and Adrianople, )).adrcj]ts, or colleges, 

 to which young people are fent, from all parts of the em- 

 pire, to he inftruded in the law of tiie prophet, in religious, 

 civi', and criminal jurifprudence, and to learn all the opinions 

 and all the fubtleties of thj commentators on the Koran. 

 They then undergo various examinations, and when they are 

 thought to be well informed, the rank of muderls or pro- 

 fcftbr is affigued to them. Thefe coUcijes w-re founded by 

 different fultans. The firft was eilabliflied at Nica:a, in the 

 year 13 ;o, by Orkhan. They enjoy a con fiderable revenue, 

 and provide for the fupport of 2 or j thoufand fcholars. 

 The muderls, who are not willing to follow the career of 

 profefTor and obtain the eminent rank of molla, iolicit of the 

 cadilefehers the place of cadi, which is ealily granted them 



for a pecuniary confideration. The muderis, who arc am- 

 bitious of obtaining the moll important places, fiich as thofe 

 of molla, cadilefcher, and mufti, pafs, after fit (h examina- 

 tions, to the mofque of Soliman I. and wait till their turn, 

 their merit, or their interell procures for them an appoint- 

 ment. Eight of them, under the appellation of makhrcdji- , 

 are appointed every year mollas, or judges, of the towns of 

 Jerufakm, Aleppo, Smyrna, Larifla, Salonica, Scutari, 

 Galata, and Aijnp. Four, among the latter, are afterwards 

 named to the cities of Burfa, Adriaiiople, Cairo, and Da- 

 mafcus, and the following year two of thefe become moUai 

 of Mecca and of Medina ; from among thefe lall is taken the 

 ftamholefTeiidi. Thus, fuccellivcly in their turn, they ar- 

 rive at the place of cadilefcher, and even of mufti. But the 

 muderis, before they can attain to this diftinftion, mull either 

 be proteiSed, or manifell ardent zeal for religion, diftinguilh- 

 ed talents, great application to iludy, and very auttere 

 manners. The mollas, cadilefehers, and others who are not 

 employed, and who are waiting for t)Hices, have appanages 

 or benefices, called " Arpaliks." Several obtain inferior 

 tribunals, where they place naibs, who difcharge their func- 

 tions, and to whom tiiey grant only a part of the income. 



Tonrnefort (Voyage Lev. torn. ii. lett. 14.) erroneoufly 

 afierts, that, at Conllantinople, a perfon could appeal from 

 the fentencc of a cadi ; whereas Europeans only enjoy that 

 privilege, when the fum in litigation exceeds 4000 alpres, or 

 nearly the value of 66 livres, Uippofing the piailre at two 

 livres. In all the towns of Turkey, the molla, the cadi, and 

 the naib, judge without appeal ; they condemn to fines, to 

 corporal punilhment, or to death, without allowing to the 

 delinquent, or perfon aecufed, the power of having recourfe 

 to another tribunal. Pocoke, Egypt, p. 170. Volncy's 

 Travels m Egypt and Syria, vol. ii. p. 389, &c. Olivier's 

 Travels in the Ottoman Empire, S:c. p. 172, &c. 



CADILLAC, or Cadilhac, in Geography, a town of 

 France, in the department of the Gironde, and chief place 

 of a canton in the diflrid of Bourdeaux, feated on the banks 

 of the Garonne, and containing a line cattle, with a collegiate 

 church ; Ji leagues S. S. E. of Bourdeaux. The place 

 contains 1326, and the canton 11,200, inhabitants; and the 

 territory includes 97^ kiliometres and 16 communes. N. lat. 

 44° 37'. W.long. 0° 15'. _ 



CADITES, ail appellation given by Plott to a kind of 

 figiHcd ttone, refembling a cadus or barrel. 



The cadites fvr-cUs in the n;iddle, and goes tapering to 

 both ends, being divided lengtliwife, with fuch equidittant 

 lineaments, as are ufually made by the ftaves of a barrel, but 

 without hoops, nor yet hollow. 



CADIZ, in Geography, called Gades by the Romans, by 

 the Phoenicians Gadir or Gaddir, i. c. a hedge or fenced 

 place, and by fome of the ancients Tartejhs ; a fca-port city 

 of Spain, leated on a promontory in the extremity of a pe- 

 ninlula, and joined to the ifle of Leon by a caufeway. 

 Towards the eatt it is waihed by the gentle waves of a well- 

 proteftcd road ; but towards the weft it is open and expofed 

 to the fury of the ^eean. Both the harbour and bay of 

 Cadiz are fecnre and fpaeious ; the entrance being defended 

 by fort Matnrgordo, and by fort Puntal Itanding oppofite to 

 it on a point of that neck of land on which Cadiz is built. 

 The entrance into the harbour betwixt thefe forts and the 

 points on which they Itaud, is reckoned to be about joo 

 fathoms uide. During the time of ebb, a confiderable part 

 of the harbour, is dry. The oiitei and furthtrmoft bay, 

 which begins between La Rota and San Sebaftiau, both of 

 which are fortified, and extends to Puerto dc Santa Maria, 

 is divided into two parts by the rocks of J^os Pueros and 

 Diamante. Ou the fouvh fide Cadiz it iaacccflible on ac 

 4 Q. 2 count 



