C A E 



c A r 



a fern) Berg. Ad. Pctrop. ijt'j. p. 24S. Schul). 16J4. 

 (Datai Juir. ij) Clafs and order, Crypiugumia Filices. 



G'n.Cii. FriiClilica'.ioTis 111 lateral, nearly marginal, linci ; 

 covered wiih a membrane opciiing on tlu- outlide. 



Sp. 1. C. rbiaophylla, Sniitli ic. intd. 2. ^O. " Frond 

 bipi'.mate, rootiiii; at the tip ; pinnules inverlt-ly cgj:;- 

 fliapcd, fe>incwliat fukle-lliapttt, petioicd : primordial leaves 

 lubrd." St'ip! round, brown ; comii;on peduncle or riichis 

 round, briwM, fmootli, cloM.rattd at the tip, leaflets, bul- 

 bifeioiis, routing; partial peduncles green, (iatteneJ, fome- 

 limes winged ; pinnules alternate, 0:1 fliort petioles, in- 

 verl-;ly eK;;-niau.d, one-nervtd ; fruftifying, lliglitly Ikkle- 

 fliapcd, ol'ten toothed at the tip, even, tlic npper ones ufu- 

 ally C'jiifliient ; all dnll<y green. FruCljf cations in Ihort, 

 folltarv, lateral lines, beginning at the nerve towards the bale 

 of the pinnules, and covered with an entire Icarioiis brown 

 me:nbrar.e, opening always on the outlide, at length turned 

 back and permanent. When the caplules have emerged 

 from tUefruclifying ch.ink, numerous forked, biown, gloify 

 threads II- ;id o;;t, v.hicli are the expanded rinp.s of ilie cap- 

 lules. Found by Tliiery in the iiland of iJ.iminica. 2. 

 C japontca, Thtmb. Linnrc^in Tranf. v. 2. p. 34J. 

 (Trichomanes japonicum, Thunb. Flur. japon.) " Frons 

 rup.'ril;coir.pou:;d ; pinnules cut in three divilions, acute." 

 3. C. ckutaria. Smith (Afpleniu.ti cicutarium, Swartz.) See 

 AspLF.NiUM .59. 



CjEXURGIA, in Geo^nipl'y, a town of Thrace, placed 

 by Pnicopius in the province «f Rhudope. 



CrENl.'S, a river of Galha Narbonnsniis, fuppofed to be 

 the Ore, which fee. 



CAER, in Briiyii Aiil'tquity, a term which, like the Saxon 

 Chefter, .'cnotes callle, and is prefixed to the names of places 

 fortified hv the Romans. 



CAERDIFF, in Geography. See Cardiff. 

 C.£RE, in Anc'unl Geography. See Agvlla. 

 C7ERESI, a people of Germany, placed by Caefar (Bell. 

 Gall.) between the Condrufi and Pxmani, and referred by 

 tl'AnvlUe to the vicinity of the river Chiers, which runs 

 from Luxemburg into the Meufe. 



CAERFILLY, Caerphyllyon, or Caerphilly, a 

 fmall town of Glnmorgaufhire, South Wales, formerly by 

 traditionary account much larger than it is now, is only re- 

 markable for the ruins of its once exteiii'ive callle, and the 

 hiilorical events connefted with it. The name Caerphuli 

 lignilies callle of halte, and it is faid that great numbers of 

 hands were employed to raife this fortrefs with expedition. 

 Its ground plan covered an area of two acres, and its fofs 

 was crolTcd by thirteen drawbridges. At prcfeiit the ruins, 

 fays Mr. Evans, " more refemble the remains of a city, than 

 a fingle edifice ; and vihcn undilapidated, exceeded the cnor- 

 Dioui fiie of Windfor callle." The citfdel, with circular 

 baftions, a range of apartments round the inner court, the 

 grand hall, fome towers, &c. are llill remaining, and whether 

 viewed as objects of pifturefque beauty, or fpecimens of an- 

 cient caftellated arcliiteiture, they are highly interelling. 

 Within two moats is the citadel, appearing like a fcparate 

 caftle, with a high Gothic arch, the centre fupportcd by two 

 c-.rcular bailions. This great gateway, the wellern entrance 

 of the ruin, is grand and pevfcft, and leads to the tliipendous 

 llruAuie of the inner court from the welt, as the gate with 

 the hexagonal towers does from the call. The inner court 

 is furrounded by a range of noble apartments, communicating 

 with a long gallery, to which there is an afcciit from the 

 mint, and altording a ready intercourfe between the guards, 

 who occupied the embattled towers. This corridor remains 

 entire fiom the extent of about 90 to 100 feet, on the fouth 

 Cde, except in the breaks of the ftair-cafes. The great hall, 



4 



which is fpacious and complete, exhibits a fine fpecinien of 

 Gothic grandeur; and the ornamented outline of its four 

 windows and cbimney-piecfS arc hardly to be paralleled, to- 

 gether with feveral ligi't pillars ill triplets, that go round tlu: 

 room, which is about 70 feet by jo,and 17 feet high. The 

 north window of the chapel is not only pcrftft, but uncom- 

 ir.oi.ly light and elegant. The mint is underneath, near the 

 inclining tower, arched in a curious manner, and furnifhtd 

 with two furnaces for niehing metal. In the interior court, 

 at the call end, is the h-an'uig tower, an objcdl of confidcrable 

 curiolity and general admiration. It is ol a circular (liape, 

 about 7^ feet high, and inclines full 11 feet out of the per- 

 pcndiculur. About half way down from the fummit a fil- 

 fiiie divides it, which w's probably made when it was urdtr- 

 mined. A fimiLir inllance of a leaning tower exiils at 

 Jjridgtnorth, others at Corfe cattle, and the moll coniidtrable 

 \vc have lu-ard of is that at Pifa in Italy. The immeiife )u!e of 

 Caerphilly callle appears to have been erected, at different 

 times, and the llyle of building difplaycd in fome of the ex- 

 terior wories indicate the time of Edward II. Here that ilU 

 f.ited monarch fixed his dernier refort, when purfiicd by hfs 

 unnatural and brutal queen. With his favourite the younger 

 Spencer, he retreated here from the forces belonging to the 

 queen and barons, who bet'ieged the ca'.lle, A. D. 1327, but 

 the monarch, however, afterwards efcaped. The late Mr. 

 Daines Barrington has olTered, in the lirll volume of the 

 Archxologia, fome reafons for fuppofiiig that Caerphilly 

 callle was built by Edward I. and in his authority many late 

 modern writers have acqiiielccd. But Mr. T.Ialkin (ubi 

 infra) has fuggetted a variety of circumllances, which inva- 

 lidate this account ; and particularly that of king Edward 

 having no jurifdiftion at that time in Glamorgan. From 

 fome hillorical documents, deduced from Wellh authors, it 

 is inferred, that this callle was built, or rebuilt and fortified, 

 in 1 22 1, by John de Brufe, who married the daughter of 

 Lhewelin ap Jorwerth, prince of North Wales ; and that, 

 after it had been taken and partly ruined, in 127c, at which 

 period it firft obtained the nam.e of Caerphilly in the Welfli 

 hillory, it was rebuilt by Ralph Mortimer, who married 

 Joan of Acres in the time of Edward I. and fettled this 

 callle on him and his heirs ; and that, in procefs of time, it 

 was again greatly augmented ard ftrengthened by Hugh 

 Spencer the younger, wliofe wealth appears to have been 

 fully equal to fuch an undertaking. Many important pub- 

 lic events are connedled with the hiiiory of this once 

 formidable fortrefs. The trade of Caeiphiliy has lately im- 

 proved in confequence of the eili.blifiiment of three woollen 

 manufdfturcs ; the effeft of which is obfervable in traffic on 

 the roads, and population in the town. " Evans's Tour 

 through South Wales," Svo. 1804.; and Malkin's " Scenery, 

 Antiquities, and Biography of South Wales," 4to. 1804. 



C-4sRIANA, a town of Spain, placed by Ptolemy ig 

 Boetica, in the country of the Turdetani. 



CyERITES, C;eritum tahuU, in Antiquity, denote the 

 cenfors' tables, wherein were entered the names of fuch per- 

 fons as, for fome mifdemeanour, were to lofe their right of 

 fuffrage in eletlions at Rome. 



The original of tiie appellation arofe hence ; that during 

 the captivity of Rome under the Gauls, the Caerites, or 

 inhabitants of Caere, a city in Etruria, preferved their facred 

 books, and other matters belonging to the worlhip of the 

 gods ; in gratitude for which, the Romans dignified the 

 Citrites with the appellation of Roman citizens, but without 

 admitting them into any part of the adminillratioii. See 

 Agyll^,!. 



CAERLEON, in Geography, a fmall town of Mon- 

 mouthlhire, England, is more celebrated for its ancient, than 



for 



