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Ctruiev", a fpccies of ScaraBiEus, oblong and wholly 

 cyaneoiio. Found in Siberia. 



C.tRULEus, a fpecii;8 of Cucajus, black, with a 

 f'llcatcd tliorax, ftriatcd cmrulcous clytr^E, and red abdo- 

 men. Fabr. Found in Germany. — Alfo, a fpccics of 

 Crvptocephauvs, azure, with brown anlenns. Found 

 in the iqulnoilial part of Africa. 



CjtRL'LEi's, in Oriiil/joloxi', a fpccies of Cuculus, 

 with a roundilh tail and blue body. The beak, legs, 

 and claw:, are black ; the remiges and tail are green and 

 violet. Found in Madjjafcar. This is the blue cuckow 

 of Latham, and taitfon of UnfTon. 



C.t:rulei;s. the name of a fniall fpecies of Parus, 

 called in England the blue-titmouff. The quill-fea- 

 thers of this bird arc bhiifh ; primaries whitifli at the outer 

 margin; front white; crown blue. I. inn. Fn. Siicc. 



This kiinl inhabits Europe. Its length '\i about four 

 inches, frcq.ients gardens, and does coufiderable damage by 

 bruiling the yoting buds in qucft of infefts, on which it 

 feeds 



C/ERULEi's, a fpccics of Orioius, black or cinereous, 

 with the head, wings, and tail cxruleous. This is the Xan- 

 thornus caeruleus of Briffon, the fmall blue jay of Ray, and 

 blue oriole of Latham. The beak is n.d. 



C^Ri'LEus, a fpecies of Ramphastos, csruleous with 

 a mixture of cinereous ; the blue toucan of Latham ; found 

 in New Spain. 



C.tRuLEUs, in Zoology, a fpecies of Coluber, found in 

 America, caerultfcent, with the fcalcs white on one fide, and 

 beneath white. 



CyERULEi;s is alfo a name given by Solinus to the " great 

 Indian wor.Ti," defcribed by Pliny and others as inhabiting 

 the Gangei. It is conceived with much probability that 

 all the accounts we have of this monllrous animal are only 

 falfe dcfcriptions of the crocodile. 



CAERWENT, in Cco^^mphy, a village of Monmouth- 

 {hirc, England, about 4 miles from Chepftow, in the road 

 to Newport, was a place of great importance in the Roman 

 times, and is diftinguifhed m the Itinerary of Antoninus 

 by the name of Venta Silurum. This ilation was found, 

 Lke many Roman military works, with a fortification, 

 afTuming in ground plan the parallelogramic fhape, with 

 the corners a little rounded. Such figures were called 

 terriata caflra. Each corner nearly corrcfponded with 

 the four cardinal points. At the fonth-well fide are three 

 pentagonal baftions ; from wiiich circumllance fome writers 

 have inferred that the town was founded under the lower 

 empire, as flanking projeAions were not in ufc before that 

 period. Other authors refer the building of the walls 

 to the Saxons, but from the mode of coullrufting them, 

 the fize and quality of the bricks, and other evidences, this 

 feems very improbable. The circuit of the rampart, nearly 

 a mile in extent, may ftiU be traced, and in moft places 

 is furrounded by a deep fofs. The prtftnt walls are about 

 nine feet in tnicknefs at the top, and twelve feet at the 

 bafe. The inclofed area is laid out in fields, and orchards ; 

 and a few cottages, with the church, parfonage, &c. oc- 

 cupy the fite of Roman manfions and Roman temples. 

 Foundations of thefe, proje&ing above the level, and 

 concealed under green hillocks, rife in many places, and 

 columns, tefielatcd pavements, and coins, are continually 

 difcovered in ploughing and digging. A cunous tefielated 

 pavement was difcovered about 40 years ago, and preferved 

 under a fhed conllructed for that purpofe. It is feven yards 

 long and fix broad, within a border of variegated ftones ; 

 it contains three rows of three circular and fpiral figures, 

 not unlike tbofe in many of our Turkey carpets, but 



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formed oi tcffelx of various colours, neatly put together. 

 Some have fuppofed, that the exploits of Arthur were 

 performed ?X this place; and that when this was totally 

 deilroyed, they .were transferred through ignorance or 

 flattery to the other Cacrwent or Winchefter, at a time 

 when it was one of the moft important cities of the iiland. 

 N'enta Sihirum, afterwards Caer Gwent, is fuppofed to have 

 poffeiTcd I'ufficient confequence to give name to the county 

 of Monmouth, and tliofe parts of Herefordfliire and Glou- 

 cefterlhire, whichlong retained theappclla'.ion of Gwcnt-Land. 

 In a MS. of Llandatf, Caer-Gwent is mentioned as a plac^ 

 dedicated to learning, and far famed for its academy, which 

 a difciple of St. Germanus governed witli great commen- 

 dation. Evans's Tour through South Wales, Svo. 1804. 

 Barber's Tour throughout South Wales, 8vo. 1803. 



Caerwent, or Caer-Gwent, q. d. 'whhe city, is alfo 

 a name given by the fir!l Celtic fettlers in South Britain 

 to the prcfent city of Winchellcr, on account of the chalky 

 cliffs that eiicompaffed it. Under this appellation it has 

 been recognized by the moll ancient writers, domellic and 

 foreign, who have recorded the early (late of Britain. It 

 was then no more than a coUeftion of long cabins, built of 

 mud, covered with reed and flieltercd by the large fpreading 

 bows of the contiguous forell, and furrounded with a 

 rampart and ditch for protcftion from the affault of neigh- 

 bouring tribes. The adjoining fields were devoted to the 

 fattening of flocks and herds, on the flefh and milk of 

 which the inhabitants fubfiiled, before they were acquainted 

 with the luxury of bread, and whilft they were aveifc from 

 the labours of tillage. It was afterwards occupied by tha 

 Btlgas, who praftifed agriculture, and raifed corn for the 

 purpofe of making both bread and beer, made checfe of 

 their milk, and wore mar.ufaftured cloathing inflead of the 

 raw hides with which their predeceflbrs were covered... 

 When they took poflcnion of it, it was called " Venta 

 Belgaruni." In 516, it was taken and almoft totally 

 demolifhed by Cerdic the Saxon commander ; and after- 

 wards denominated " Wintancealler," or Winchefter, whicli 

 name exprefTes its former importance as a Roman ilation.. 

 Miller's" Hift. of Winchefter, voL i. p. 6. See Win- 

 chester. 



CAERWYS, a fmall town of Flintlhire, North Wales,, 

 appears to have been a Roman ilation, and alfo a place 

 of judicature, or the eifteddfod of the ancient Britons. The ' 

 town now confifts of four fpacious ftreets, eroding each 

 other at right angles. Several Roman coins, and an 

 infcribed ftone have been found here. In the vicinity 

 of the town are many tumuli ; but Caerwys is principally 

 celebrated for its eifteddfod, where the felTions of bards and 

 niinftrcis were held for many centuries. Judges wera 

 appointed, and bards of acknowledged merit, and minftrels. 

 were admitted as competitors for the prize of fame. The 

 judges were nominated by a commiffion from the provin- 

 cial prince, till after the conqcft of Wales by Edward I.,, 

 when the Englifli monarchs fandlioned this eifteddfod, as an 

 inftitution calculated to foften the manners of a fierce and 

 warlike people. Previous to this, we find that Gruffydd 

 ap Cynon, contenjporary with king John, enafted that no 

 pei'fon ftiould follow the profeflion of a bard, or minftrel, 

 who was not regularly admitted by the eifteddfod, which 

 was alternately held at the three royal refidences, of Ca- 

 erwys, Aberfraw, and Mathravel. In 156S, a commilTioii: 

 was granted by queen Elizabeth, for holding an eifteddfod 

 at this place, when 55 degrees were conferred on the molt 

 eminent candidates; 17 in vocal, and 38 in inftrumental 

 mufic. From this period the eifteddfod was negleded, tilt 

 179S, when a meeting was aiTcmbled by a public notice 



from. 



