C JE S 



from the Gwyncddigion, or Vciulotian Soi:Icly iuHituted 

 in London for tlit encouragement of Weldi littiMfurp. On 

 ill is occiifioii the town hall was prepared for the reception 

 of a niiiT.eroiis and rcfpe£table con.pany. Twenty bards, 

 eighteen vocal ptrfoiiiicrs, and twelve harpers, affembled 

 lure, and each exhibited Ipccimen? of his refpedlive pro- 

 fdfioii and talents. The prcient town confifts of 162 houfes, 

 contains 77,; inhabitants, has a fniall weekly market on 

 Tuefdav, and is 212 nvlea N. W, from London. Evans's 

 "Cambrian Itinerary," Svo. 1S02. 



CvESALPlNlA, ill BnUny, (named by Plumier in 

 liorour of Cicfalpinus, chief phyhcian to pope Clement 

 Vin.) Linn. Gen. 515, 516. Schreb. 701, 703. Willd. 

 S15. Jnir. 349. Vent. 376, 377. Gxrt. 442, 467. Clafs 

 and order, cLcanclna monogjnia. Nat. ord. Lomcntaceee, 

 Linn. Legntmnojir , Jufl. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. pttianth of one leaf with five divifions ; tube 

 fhoit ; fegments oblong, deciduous, the lowed longer than 

 tlie rell, ilightly vaulted. Cor. petals five, inferttd into the 

 tliroat of the calyeine tube, unequal. Stam. filaments ten or 

 five, infertcd into the throat of the calyV, thread-fliaped, 

 woolly or hairy at the bafe, declining ; anthers oblong, de- 

 {iimbent. Pi/?, germ fuperior, hnear-oblong, comprtfTed, 

 attenuated at the bafe ; ilyle thread-lliaped, lligma blunt. 

 Pdric. legume oblong, compreffed, one, two, or many- 

 Celled. Seeds rather egg-(haped, compretfed, flat. 



ElT. Ch. Calyx with five divifions ; the loweft fegaient 

 longer and (lightly vaulted. Stamens woolly or hairy at the 

 bafe. Petals five. Legume compreffed. 



Obf. Thefe charaflers are fo drawH up as to include 

 Tournefort's Poinciana which has been admitted as a feparate 

 genus by Linnxus, Jufiieu, Ventenat, Gxrtner, La Marck, 

 Bofc, and Poiret, the fucceffor of I^a Marck in the bota- 

 nical part of Encyc. Methodique ; but as, according to 

 La Marck, Poinciana differs from Cxfalpinia chiefly in the 

 great length of its flamcns, and the deep divifions of its 

 calyx, the two genera have been incorporated by proftflbr 

 Martyn and Willdenow. 



Sp. I. C. brafdtenfts, brafil-wood or brafiletto, Linn. Sp. 

 Willd. Brown Jam. 227. " Stem and leaves without 

 prickles." Linn. " Without prickles ; leaflets ovate-ob- 

 long ; rachis pubefcent ; calyx downy ; ilamens fliorter 

 than the corolla." Swartz. Obferv. 166. This is faid 

 by Linnxus and Miller to be the tree which furnifhes 

 the brafil-wood, fo well known in commerce and the arts. 

 Eut La Marck, who has entirely omitted this fpecics, 

 alferts that the true brafil-wood is the next fpecies which 

 does not occur in any of the works of Linnjeiis ; and it is 

 worthy of notice that Mr. Miller, in direA oppofition to 

 the fpecific charafter of Linnaeus, defcribcs his C. brafilienfis 

 as armed with recurved prickles, correfponding with the 

 defcriptions of the brafil-wood given by tiie older botanills, 

 all of which are quoted by La Marck as fynonyms of his 

 C. echinata. The fynonym of Brown is however an original 

 authority for the exiftence of a fpecics without prickles ; 

 and on this account we have followed Willdenow in admit- 

 ting the brafilienfis of Linnsus as well as the echinata of La 

 Marck. 2. C. echinata. La Marck, Willden. Pfendo-fan- 

 talum rubrum, five Arbor Brafilia : Bauh. Pin. JpJ. 

 Rai Hift. I7j6. Acacia Gluriufa Spinis armata, cujus 

 Lignum Brafiha dittum Tinftoria ; Pluk. Aim. r^. Ibira 

 Pitanga, Marg. Pifon. " Stem and branches prickly ; 

 leaflets egg-flaaped, obtufe ; Icgumens echinated." A large 

 tree. Branches long and fpreading. Leaves alternate, 

 •twice-winged ; leaflets rcfembling the leaves of box. Flowers 

 in fimple racemes, variegated with yellow and red, fweet- 

 j"cented. Legumes dark-bvown, (ibloiig, compreffed, befet 

 with fmall points. Seeds reddifli brown, fmooth. The 



c ^ s 



interior wood is of a red colour, and is covered with f» 

 thick an 'alburnum, that of fo vail a tree only a very fmall 

 part is fit for the ufe of the dyer. It cannot be ufed 

 without alum and tartar, and produces only a fugitive 

 colour, lioiled in b.xr, wine, or vinegar, with the addi- 

 tion of alum, it makes a red ink. By the means of acids 

 it becomes a kind of carmine ; and, with different modes 

 of treatment, is the bafis of various pigments. It takes 

 a good polilh, is very hard and dry, crackles in the fire, 

 and burns with very little fmoke. A native of FernambucLO 

 and other parts of liralil. j. C. hahamerjis. La Marck. 

 (Pfeudo-fantalum crocenm, Sloane, Jam. Hift. 2. p. 184. 

 Caie(b. Car. 2. p. 51. t. 51.) " Branches prickly; 

 leaflets inveifcly egg-lhaped, cmarginate ; flowers white." 

 A flirub or fmall tree. Branches and common petioles 

 armed with fiiort, fcattered pnckles, which are turned 

 upwards. Leaves twice-winged ; leaflets fmooth on both 

 fides ; pale beneath, and of a delicate green above ; 

 having, at their bafe, and at the bafe of each pinnule, from 

 two to four Imall, ftraight prickles. Flowers whitifli, in 

 ftraight racemes. Legumes oblong, pointed, pedunclcd, 

 comprefl'ed. Seeds fmall, roundifli. La Marck obferves. 

 that on account of tlie prickly branches, it cannot be re- 

 ferred to the brafilienfis of Linnxut;, under which that a\i- 

 thor quotes the fynonyms of Sloane and Cattlby, A na- 

 tive ot Baharua 2w\ Jamaica, whence it is brought to Eu- 

 rope for the ufe of the dyer. Large quantities of it were 

 formerly cut down in fome of the Bahama iflands, but it ii 

 now nearly extirpated. 4. C. veftcaria, Linn. (Colutaa 

 Vera-crucio, Pluk. tab. 16-;. Senna fpuria fabinx odore, 

 Sloan. Jam. Hill. 2. p. 50. t. 181. f. 2, 3. Rai. dend. iii. 

 No. iS.) " Stem prickly; leaves inverfely egg-fliaped ; 

 racemes fpiked, flowers yellow. La Marck. " Leaves in- 

 verfely heart-fliaped, roundifli." Linn. A tree. Stem 

 about fifteen feet high, nearly the thicknefs of a man's 

 thigh, rather crooked, covered with an even, whitifli bark, 

 Branches crooked, prickly. Leaves alternate, twice-winged ; 

 leaflets obtufe, a httle emarginate, thofe at the fummit of 

 the wing a little larger than the refl; ; with a few hooked 

 prickles at the bafe of each pair of leaflets, and each pair of 

 wings. Flowers yellow in feveral diftinft fpikes. Legumes 

 oval, nearly obtufe, blackifti, furrowed. Seeds two or three. 

 La Marck. Legume without valves, nearly filled with a 

 fpungy fubfl.ance ; two celled, with a fingle feed in each 

 cell. Gasrtner, 442. tab. 144. Obf. ProfeiTor Martyn and 

 Willdenow quote Poinciana bijuga of Linnaeus, as a fyno- 

 nym of this fpecies, and fuppofe that it has inadvertently- 

 been defcribed twice, under different names, and placed in 

 diftinft genera. Poiret, who retains the genus Poinciana, 

 though, as he himfelf acknowledges, without fufficient rea- 

 fon, takes no notice of bijuga, and therefore feems to be of 

 the fame opinion ; but in that cafe he ought to have no- 

 ticed the omifllon, as his predeceflor La Marck, when he 

 wrote the article Ctefalpinia vcficaria, had certainly no idea 

 that the Poinciana bijuga is the fame plant. Martyn and 

 Willdenow prefer the trivial name bijuga, and give the fol- 

 lowing fpecific character, " Prickly ; leaves doubly pin- 

 nate with two pairs of obcordate leaflets ; thev and the ca- 

 lyxes fmooth ; ftamens equalling the corolla." A native 

 of the Well Indies. 5. C. crijta. Linn. Sp. PI. C. poly, 

 phylla aculeis horrida, Plum. gen. 26. t. 68. " Prickly ; 

 leaflets oval ; racemes fimple ; calyx fmooth ; petals egg- 

 fliaped, fliorter than the calyx ; ftamens longer than the 

 calyx." A fmall tree, or rather flirub, about four feet 

 high. BarL rather thick, afh-rolound without, red with- 

 in. Wood folid, heavy, eafily cleft, of a red colour, with 

 a white alburnum. Trunk divided near its fu.xmit into 

 feveral branches, nearly the fi7e of a n:an's arm ; and armed 

 4. S a with" 



