c jr. S A R. 



of Porr-pcy wa<; totally rented : anri C.tfar equally (iilliri- broke out in his favojrite ten;!) IcTJon, which aTor.Ied occi- 



p-uilhed hir.iUlt by his valour and conduct in liic brittle, fiou for a difplay ol Ins ciilliiijTuiltKil i i tiiis as ii curMmaiidcr, 



rind by his majjinnimity a:d clemency after the victory. Having iuinin iiu-d th^r.i to the Campus Martius, with no 



ii;dif mfTtd the R man citiz -ns who were made prifoners ; other ;irirs belid.s their fwurds, liC nqulred llieni to ftaie 



;:id binned, without perufing them, tlie lettcs which were the (jrou'ids of th_-ir coinplaints. Aher Ionic paufe, otc?.- 



iiita'iied in Pmipey's cabinet. AOiduoiis and ailive in lioncd by the awe of his prcfe.icc, tliey bei;nn tumultuo ifly 



iirfniniT the advaiitisfe he I13 f tlnn p;ained, he left tlie lo demand their dfchargc, aid the rewards to which they 



;:;insofPharfa!ia on the third day after the battle, and with 



i :< cavalry purfu.d Ponipty. Crofiincr into Aiia, a:id rc- 



.\ivini^ on liis pafiacre the lubniiffion of a fupeii.ir fleet of 



j'onipey which he fell in with, he hallened to Rhodes, and 



embarked for Egypt. 



At Alexandria he was informed of Pompcy's murder ; and 



the head of his rival, wrapped up in a veil, was prcl'ciitcd to fold'urs, tiicy made a frelh tender of tlieir ftrvice-s, and lup 



him as a token of his final luccefs. He turned his eyes from plicated the hor:<nir of b-.-inir itdl the companions of liis vic- 



vii'winj; the bloody fpeftacle, and reflettiiicr on the fare of tories. After feme fufpencc, and a firtable fpeech, he pro- 



'iis tmintnt perfonage, once his friend and his kiul'man, nounccd tlie'r pardon, and aijjiii addnflcd them as fcUotc- 



lii 'd tears on the occafion ; and diimifijng the mciiencrer with fuhtiers. This ieoion, from this time, uniformly diliinjiuilh- 



< xprefTionsof difpleafure, ordered the head to be buried with ed itfcif by llie ardour of its attachment to him. The yJfrl- 



diie lolfmiiity. As a farther tribute of rcipeft for his de- can ivar commcnced-in the year B. C. 46, ai:d was for fome 



if-d rival, lie fet at liberty all bis friends who had been time' attemled with dubious luccefs on the part of Cxfar 



were entitled. '• Your den-.ai.da," faid he, "arejuft; you 

 (h.iU have your difchaorc. Nor fl-.all you be deprived of 

 your reward', as fuoii as I (Itall have fubdutd the rell of iny 

 cne.nics. Go then, o/;z.-«^ fquh-'urs,) icturn to your houfts 

 and families." Grieved and mortitird at being addicfltd 

 w;th an appellation, wliich implied that they wire no longer 



;,iken on the inhofpitable fhore of Egvpt, and imprifoiied Uy 

 -irder of the miniftcrs of king Ptol--my. At Alexandria he 

 ", ,10k up his rcfidence in the royal palace ; but by exacting 

 with rigour a fum of money, pretended to be due to the 

 Riman people tor their fervices in rcttoring to the throne 

 Ptolemy Auletes, father of the prefer.t minor king, and a'.fo 



However, by the ccltriiy of his operations, he completely 

 defeated the- armies of Scipio, I^abieiiU'', and Juba ; but the 

 town of Utica was Hid defended by Cato and his " little 

 fenate." Tiiis true patriot, perceiving that refiilance was 

 iiuHeCtual, fecured his own freedom by a voluntary death. 

 When Cief^r had fettled the giivernment of Africa, and 



by undertaking to reconcile young Ptolemy with his filler ilFued orders for the re-ercftion of Carthage, he returned in 

 Cleopatra, who, by the will of Auletes, was to have reigned triumph to Rome, and was received by the ftnate a-d peo- 

 iointly with her brother, but who had been expelled the pie with unbounded adulation. To the diftatorfliip, ex- 

 kingdom, he txcrciled an authority which ofTcnded the tended to ten years, was added the ceuforial oflice. A double 

 Alexandrians. Accordingly they beCeged him in his palace, guard was anigned i-.im, and his perfon was declared facrtd 

 .:! thus commenced the Alexandrian luar, in which Citfar and inviolable. A thankfgiving of 40 fucceffive days, ?nd 

 iriiled to acquit himfelf either with prudence or julilcc. In four dillinft triumphs, were decreed for his victories His 

 this war part of the famous Alexandrian library was triumphs over Gaul, Egypt, king Pliarnaces, and Juba, were 

 burnt in confequence of a conflagration of fome Ihips of the conducted with lingular fplendour : he treated the people 

 Alexandrian fleet. Ciefar, who had poffcflKjn of Ptolemy's with Ihows, fcalls, and donatives, and conferred airple re- 

 pt.rfon, was at length fo hardly pullied as to be obliged to wards on his foldiers. He alio directed his attention to the 

 hnrendcr him in order to obtain a ceflation of hoililitics ; but reformation of the government, and enafted fcveral falutsry 

 he was relieved by Mithridates, king of Pcrgamus. Ptole- laws ; but he refcrved to himfelf the nomination to all offices 

 my, however, continued the war, till he was defeated in two and employments. At this time he availed himfelf of the 

 actions, and loll his life in the Nile by attempting to make alTiftance ot Sofigenes, and other men of fciencc, in the cor- 

 hls efcape. In confequence of this event Csfar fettled the rection of the calendar (which fee), and in the cllabhrtiment 



atTairs of Egypt, by conferring the crown jointly on Cleopa- 

 tia and a younger brother of Ptolem.y. Fafcinated by the 

 allurements of this enchanting woman, by whom he had a 

 I'ln, he rcinained in Egypt in a ftate of inactivity, till he 



ot the " Julian year." 



Whillt Cafar was thus employed at home, the two fons 

 of Pompey were collecting a confiderable force in Spain, 

 and his prcfencc was neceffary to reltrain their pro^refs. 



was called away by the progrefs of Pliarnaces, fon ot Mithri- Accordingly, in his fourth confullhip he d. parted for the 



d itcs tbe Great, who was expelling the Romans foni Alia Span'i/h iiHir, and having reduced feveial places, he maiciitJ 



Minor. to the plaius of Miinda, where the elder Pompey was en- 



When the news of Pompey's death reached Rome, the camped. Notwithllanding the fuperioiity of the ene.iiy, he 



fenate and people concurred in accumulatinghonoiirsand pre- advanced to the attack; and in the battle- which enlucd, 



rogatives on Csfar, the only lurviving malter of the empire, contended for a long time, as he himfelf acknowledges, not 



He was proclaimed conful for five cnfuing years, made tri- for vidtory, but for life. So defperate were his tireum.- 



bnne of the people, and created dictator for a whole year, ftances, that, at one period of the conflift. he thought of 



Having defeated Pharnaces in Afia, whom he purfued with killing himfelf: but recovering his Iclf-pon'efTion, he exerted 



3 celerity, emphatically txpreffed in a laconic epilllc to a himfelf with fiich valour as to turn the fortune of the day, 



friend, " Veni, vidi, vici," I came, I Jaw, I conquered ; and and in the event if the contell to atindiilate the relics of 



fettled the affairs of this province, he returned with only one Roinan liberty. After having completed the redi:ition of 



legion through Greece to Rome, and by the moderation Spain, he returned to Rome and received new honours, 



and placability which he exercifed on this occafion, diffipated The diftatorfliip was eflabliflicd for life: and the title of 



the fears ot the vanquilhcd pa iy, and fecured the fuccels of " Imperator," as head of the empire, and dcnot'iig the 



his ufurpatioii without fhedding one drop of blood. His highell monarchical rank, was conferred upon him, and 



niews were next diredled towards Africa, where the remains from him it was tranfnutted through his lucceffors. Not- 



of PoTipey's party m.iintaincd a forniidable llrcngth under withftanding all tliefe acccffions of rank and honour, Cacfar 



Cato, Scipio, and other renowned leaders; but whilH he retained the affable manners of the firft citizen of the rcpub- 



was preparing for his expedition into ihie country, a mutiny lie, and Iludied to ingratiate himfelf with the nobles and 



Vol. V> 4 T people. 



