JIL S 



C iE S 



An :-iicirioii ib ti> be made or. l!ic I'ght or left fiJc of tlie 

 nai'el, wliclicvtr happens to be mioH p .mi' c; t, fix iiicljts 

 ill !cii;;tli ; tlie miildk' of the incifi in to be about hvtl with 

 the navel, from which it Ihoiild be dillant a hand's lirradth, 

 ^nll cut tliroiigh tht (l<in, llien tlirou-li the tendinous ex- 

 pai.fion of the abdominal ninfclts, and the pciiloniEuin. 

 Tne uterus btiii;; now broiij^ht to view, a fiiiall opening 

 ir.ull be made, to enable thi. <iperator to pals his foiefiiiger 

 ;is a pnide for the knife, in cxtend'iipj it to the f:ze of ttie 

 exteiiial wound ; an hlfillant mvid then introduce iiis hand, 

 and bnn;r away the child, and the placenta. Tliis being 

 cfTtrted, an affill-iiit ni'ilt keep in tlie bowi.ls, wh'cli would 

 ocherwilc protrude, while the operator makes the pallro- 

 rapUy, or intiire of the belly. I'loprr bandajits arc then 

 to be put on, and the woman put to bed. The cure to be 

 condinAcd ill the lame manner as alter other operations. 

 The InbJLCt of tlie cafarcan leclion is treated in an ample 

 and i:'jrenious manner by Dr. D(.unian in bin " Introdui.-tiou 

 to Midwifery," and by Dr. John Hull, phylieian at Mar,- 

 chellcr, in liis " Defence of the CiElarcan Opeian ,11," bvo. 



C^'.SARIA, river, in Geography. See Cohanzy. 



CyliSARIANA, in Anciutt G^o^raJ^/jy, a place of Italy, 

 01 the Appian way, lituatc, according to the Itinerary of 

 .Vntonine, in the route fioni Rome to Columna, ^j miks 

 frimi Nernlnm, in Lncania. — Alio, a place ot Pannon'a, 

 -vhich, in Antonine's llintrary, is lituatc on the route fiom 

 jabaria to Acincum. 



CTRSARIANS, or CitSARiFNSES, in Antiguilv, were 

 miniltcis or officials f>f the piocnratur Cu-fiiris, to «liom bo- 

 Lniged the keepiiiij vi the (ileal accounts, and taking pof- 

 f fiion of effects devolving or tfcheatnig to the emperor. 

 Tntfe were alio called calholieiani. From the appellation 

 i'.j-farmnuj ionie deduce the modern word fcrgeant. See 

 Sergeant. 



C^SARODUNUM, in Jnchnl Geography, a town of 

 Gau!, ailigned by Ptolemy to tiie TuroiieS ; now Tours, 

 winch fee. 



CjESAROMAGUS, a town of Gaul, v/hich, accord- 

 ing to Ptolemy, was the capital of the Bellovaci ; now 

 Beauvais, which fee.--Alf-, a I'ation in tlie 5th route of 

 Antonine, 28 miles from London ; the pofitioii of which 

 cannot now be exaftly afeertaiiicd ; but by the dillance from 

 London, and the direction of this route, it is fuppofed to 

 have been at, or near, Chelmsford. 



C/tSENA, Cesena, a town of Italy, in Gallia Cifpa- 

 dana, on thi^ ii.'e of llie Eridanus, with rcfpeCt to Rome, 

 according to Strabo and Pliny. 



CjESIA Sylva, the Caslian foreft, was part of the" H'jr- 

 cynian, placed by Cluveriu", paitly in the duchy of Clevcs, 

 and partly in Wcllplialia, bttvveen Welel and Koefold. 

 Germaniciis traverfed this forcif in his march to attack tlie 

 Marii, whom lie found in a defencelefs Hate, and attacked 

 with great flaughter, A. 1). 15. Tacitus. 



C/ESIAS, o;" KaiHia,-, 111 71'/f/c'(/r(//cyfv> denotes the north- 

 eaft or N. E. by E. wind ; called in the Mediterranean, •wtilo 

 Graco, or Cnco levaiUe. Pliny calls this wind Hellefpon- 

 tias, as blowing from the Hcllelpont. See Euroclydon. 



CiiSTUS, or Cestus, a large leathern gantlet, or 

 glove, made of Itraps ot leather, and plated with brafs, lead, 

 or iron, withinlide, ufed in the combats, or exercifcs of 

 the anciint athlets, to llrengthen the hands of the combat- 

 ants, and to add violence to their blows. It was called 

 tnjlus, a caiLnilo, from cieJo, to Jhike, or Icat. 



The caellus originally conlilttd •! many thongs of leather, 

 or raw hides of bulls, wound about the hand and arm up to 

 the elbow, and feenis to have been iuvcultd, as well fur a 



fafe-^uard fo tliofe parts that wfre mofl cxpofcd in tliS 

 lirlf iury of the c-ijibat, as f.iran ofTenlive weapon ; though, 

 when it was lined wiih platei. ot lead or iron, as it fomelimeS 

 was, according to Vjrgil, (iEi. v.) it fctms to have been 

 inte. dcd chiefly for the latter purpofe It is obfcrvable, 

 however, that the Greek potts, wiio have given us a defcrip- 

 tioii of thccxilus, liavc not mentioned plates of lead or iron. 

 J5y thus binding up the liands of the combatants with 

 thongs of leather, they might alfo dtfign to prevent their 

 laying hold of each other, or with their fingers and nails 

 ripping npen the belly ; a circumilancc, wh'cli occurred in- 

 the Nemican games, and which gave occafion for bringing 

 the llraps ot the cjeftus over the fingers, and taftening them 

 upon the wrill ; whereas, be tore this accident, they were 

 tied in the palm, or hollow of the hand. See Paufanias, 1; 

 v.;i. c. 40. This auliio' applif* the epithet jixi>,i;^o;, or foft, 

 to the ancient cxilus, probably, becaiife it was compofed 

 of raw hides. But it is not unlikely, that as the Grecians 

 began to refine upon the gymnailic cxeicifes, and the fci- 

 ence of the alhlctiE became a kind of profeflion, the cxllus^ 

 flunild fiom tune to time receive fevcral additions : and, that 

 at length, it (liould be improved by the Romans, who de- 

 lighted in bloody fpeflacLs, into that t riible weapon de- 

 fcribed by Virgil. This conjcdlure will account lor the 

 difference obiei\able between that in Virgil, and thofc de- 

 fenbed by the Greek pocis. The combat of the c;c(lu»- 

 was very ancient, and is faid to have been invented by 

 Amyciis, king of the Bebrycians, who v\as contemporary 

 with tlie Argonauts, as we are informed by Clemens of 

 Alexandria, Stromal. I. It was revived in the 2^;d olym- 

 piad, B. C fSS. But we are informed by PluVarcii, (in- 

 Alex.) that Alexander never admitted either the cxitus or 

 the pancratium among ihofe games which lie exhibited 

 duri:ig his war in Aha. Lycingu.s alfo banifiied thefc cx- 

 crciles troin Sparta, becaufe he would not allow the people 

 to aceuliom tiiemi.lv; s to yield the victory to tlicfe with' 

 whom they contended, not even in fport. BefideSj the 

 combatants in the cueftus louglit after, and cheri;) td corpu.- 

 lence, or polyiarcia, (fleit-incls) as the Greeks called it, as 

 a fort of covering and dcience of their bones and m.ufcles 

 againll blows and buffets ; but this mode of life was impro- 

 per for a foldier ; fiu', as Epaminondas obferved to a fat fel- 

 low, whom lor his bulii he turned out of the army, it 

 would require three or four fhiclds to cover and defend a 

 belly that hindered a 11 an from feeing his own knee. 

 However, it was prailifed by the heroes of the Iliad, and 

 it was one ot the games exiabiled by jEiieas in honour o£'. 

 his father Aixhilcs; and Amycus valued l.imfclf fo much 

 upon his fupcriority in this combat, as to compel all llran- 

 gers who touched upon his coall, to take up the ca'tus, 

 and make trial of his llrcngth and Ik II in the ufe of this 

 rude mllrumeiit ot death. See VV'eii's ditLrtation oil the. 

 Olympic games, prefixed to his " Odes of Pindar, &c." 

 vol. ill. § ;o. 



CiESULIA, in Botany, WiUd. 14''.;. Rox. Cor. 1. p. 

 64. Clals and wacv, Jyngiii.Jid fqua.a. 



Eff. Cli. Receptacle ciiahy ; cliall involving the feeds. 

 Down none. Calyx of three leaves. 



Sp. I . C. axiiluris. " Leaves lanceolate, narro-.ved at 

 the bafe, (errated, alternate. Perennial. Stem heibaccoii3> 

 creeping; br.iiicl.es afcendlng. Ftotucrs axillary, klTiJe, 

 iolitary. Calyx fpreadir.g ; lealKts egg-fliaped, veined, 

 many- flowered. A native ot the Eall fiielies. 2. C. nidi- 

 cans. " Leaves lanceolate, I'arro'Vcd at the fnmmit', very 

 entire, oppufite." Perennial. Slcvd creeping, taking root 

 at the krots. Brunches afcendlng, from half a toot to a 

 loot long. Leaves on iliori petioles ; fomctiiues, but rarely,.- 

 3 with . 



