C A G 



hare no knowledge of a deity. Geographers liave riot 

 ;igrccd in afTi^iiing tlie boundaries of tliat country in the 

 foutliern part of Africa, to which tlie appellation of Caffra- 

 ria has been appropriated. Jjy fume, the name has been 

 applied to the whole countiy that commcncts at Cape Ne- 

 gro ; extending from thence fouth-eafterly to the Cape of 

 Good Hope, thence, north-eall to the river Del Spiritu 

 Sanfto, which feparates it on the north-eall from Monomo- 

 tapa ; reaching on the north, ahnoll to the equator, where 

 it borders on the kingdom of Makoko ; and bounded on 

 the north-weft by Congo, or Lower Guinea, and the king- 

 dom of Benguela. Accordingly, they have divided this ex- 

 teiifive country into the kingdom of Mataman, the country 

 of the Hottentots, Terra de Natal, and Terra dos Fumos. 

 Others have divided Caifraria into two parts, viz. CaftVaria 

 Proper, and the country of the Hottentots. The inhabi- 

 tants of Caffraria Proper are generally taller than the Hot- 

 tentots, more robi:ft, fierce, and warlike, and yet their 

 maniters are as inoffenfive. Their figure is more graceful, 

 their countenances are not fo narrow, nor their cheeks fo 

 prominent as thofe of the Hottentots ; neither have they 

 the broad flat faces and tliick lips of the inhabitants of Mo- 

 zambique. If it were not for their colour, many of their 

 females would be deemed beautiful even by the Europeans. 

 They tattoo themfelves very much, and wear their hair 

 frizzled. In hot weather they are naked ; but in winter 

 they throw a " kros" of calPs or ox's (Icin over their fhoul- 

 ders, which reaches to the ground. Their huts are larger 

 and more regular than thofe of the Hottentots ; their 

 frames are conftrudled of wood, and they are plaftered 

 within and without with a mixture of cow's dung and clay. 

 The women form vefiels of clay, and weave bafl<et3 of fo 

 clofe a teiture as to be capable of holding milk or water. 

 They are more difpofed to agriculture than the others ; nor 

 would they wander if they were not compelled by an enemy. 

 Their women principally prepare the fields for receiving 

 feed, which is chiefly millet. Notwithftanding the appa- 

 rent richnefs of their paftures, their cattle are much inferior 

 in fize to thofe of their neighbours. Their fuperior know- 

 ledge of agriculture, fome dogmas of rehgion, greater in- 

 duftry, and more addrefs in procuring fimple neceflaries, 

 indicate, that the Caffres have made greater progrefs in ci- 

 vihzation than the foiithern people. They praftife circum- 

 cifion, but not as a religious rite. They have elevated ideas 

 of a fupreme power, and believe in a ftate of future retribu- 

 tion ; but imagine that the world is eternal. They never 

 pray, nor have any religious ceremonies ; but they have 

 faith in forcery. They are governed by a chief, whofe 

 power is very limited : he is deemed the father of the peo- 

 ple, and is often lefs rich than his fubjedls ; for, receiving 

 no fubfidies, and being permitted to have as many wives as 

 he pleafes, his finances are not always equal to the fupport 

 of his retinue ; and his honour is hereditary. The Caffres 

 are more courageous than their neighbours : they dare to 

 face the enemy, and difdain the ufe of poifoned arrows. 

 Le Vaillant's Travels into Africa. For a further account of 

 the country and hiftory of thefe people, fupplied by Mr. Bar- 

 row, in his " Account of Travels into the interior ot fouth- 

 ern Africa," fee Kaffers ; fee alfo Hottentots. 

 CAFRA, a town of Egypt, 2 miles E. of Siut. 

 CAFRES. See C.iFFRARiA. 



CAGACO, in Ancient Geography, a fountain of Greece, 

 iu Peloponnefus, near the town of Gythium, according to 

 Paufanias. 



CAGADA, in Geography, a fmall ifland of the Weft 

 Indies, near the north-eaft coaft of Porto Rico. N. lat, 

 jS" 33'. W. long. 64° 10'. 

 Vol. V. 



C A G 



CAGADO (ie /J^M, in Zoology, the name by which the 

 Portuguefe in South America call a fpecies of tortoife, com- 

 mon in that part of the world. The Brafilian name is jurui-a. 

 Cagado lie terra, is the Portuguefe appellation of the 

 jaboti of South America, a remarkable fpecies of tortoift. 

 This is the teftudo terreftris of late writers. Kil. Stobacus 

 A<£1. Litter, ct Scient. Suec. i ; 50. 



CAGADOS rods, in Geogrtiphy, are two large rockj 

 that lie between the ifland of Palmas and Cape Formofa, 

 on the weftern conll of Africa. 



CAGANUS, or Cacanus, an appellation anciently 

 given by the Huns to their kings. 



The word appears alfo to have been formerly applied to 

 the princes of Mufcovy, now called czak. 



From the fame alfo, probably, the Tartar title en am, 

 or can, had its origin. 



CAGAYAN, or Cagfan, in Geography, a province in 

 the northern part of the ifland of Ln^on or Manila, in the 

 Eail Indies. It is the largeft in the ifland, being 80 leagues 

 in length, and 40 in breadth. The chief city is New Se- 

 govia, which is feated on the banks of a river of the fame 

 name, which runs almoll acrofs the whole province. In 

 this city is the cathedral church ; and here refides the chief 

 Alcayde, with a garrifon of Spanifli foot. This province 

 commences with the moft northerly cape called Del Enga- 

 no ; and after doubling cape Bojador, which is 1/; leagues 

 from the capital eallward, and coafling from north to fouth 

 20 leagues, the province terminates on the boundaries of 

 that of lUocos. The peaceable Cagayans, who pay tri- 

 bute, are about 9000, bcfides thofe that are not fubdued. 

 The whole province is fruitful ; the men are robnft, em- 

 ployed in agriculture, and of a martial difpofiticn ; and the 

 women apply to feveral works in cotton. In the moun- 

 tains bees are fo plentiful, that the poor burn wax inftead 

 of oil ; and they abound with brafil, ebony, and other fort» 

 of valuable wood. In the woods are many wild beafts, par- 

 ticularly boars, and alfo deer, which they kill for their 

 fl<ins and horns, purchafcd by the Chinefc. 



CAGE, an inclofure made with wire, wicker, or other 

 matter, interwoven latticewife, for the detention of wild 

 beafts or birds. The word is French, cage, formed from 

 the Italian gaggia, of the Latin caveo, which fignifies the 

 fame : a caveis thealrahbus in quilus 'mchukbantur feret, 

 Beafts were ufually brought to Rome fliut up in oaken or 

 beechen cages, artfully formed, and covered or fhadcd 

 with boughs, that the creatures, deceived with the appear- 

 ance of a wood, might fancy themfelves in their foreft. 'i hofe 

 of the fiercer foit were pent in iron cages, left wooden pufons 

 fhould be broke through. In fome prifons there are iron 

 cages for the clofer confinement of criminals. The French 

 laws diltinguifh two forts of bird-cages, viz. high, or fing- 

 ing cages, and low, or dumb cages ; thofe who expole 

 birds to fale are obliged to put the hens in the latter, and 

 the cocks in the former, that perfons may not be impofed 

 on, by buying a hen for a cock. 



Cages, caver, denote alfo places in the ancient amphi- 

 theatres, wherein wild beads were kept, ready to be let out 

 for fport. The cavej were a furt of iron cages different from 

 dens, which were under ground and dark ; whereas the ca- 

 "vtie being airy and light, tiie beafts ruftied out of them with 

 more alacrity and liercenefs than if they had been pent under 

 ground. 



Cage, in ylgrieullure, an inclofure formed of wire or 

 wicker-work, for the purpofe of containing different forti 

 of poultry or other animals. It alfo fignifies a machine for 

 weighing live animals of the (heep, pig, and other fmall 

 kinds. See Machine. 



4 U CiGf, 



