C A 1 



b;»(}inw wjtli liiree tails wlio is nppointi.cl to this eminent 

 place. 



CAT^rAN, ill Gcor;niphy. See Cayman. 

 CAIMENI. See Kammeni and Hiera. 

 CAIN, ''p, derived from njp> '° acquire, and denoting 

 arqiiyilion or pojfjfion, in Scnpluif Hijhry, the cldeft fon of 

 the progenitor-sol the luiman race, Adam and Eve, was born 

 towards the end of the firll year of the world, B. C. 400 j. 

 TVom the concife hiflory of Cain that occurs in Genelis, 

 tli.iv. \vc learn, that he devoted himfclf to luifbandry, and 

 his brother Abel to the keeping of (heep ; that when they 

 brought their refpcdive offerings to God, that of Abel was 

 accepted, and that of Cain rejected ; that this preference en- 

 raged Cain, exciting in his mind jcaloufy and envy of his 

 brother ; and that the indulgence of thefe wicked pafhons at 

 length tcrmmated in the murder of his brother. As a pu- 

 nilhment of this atrocious crime, God condemned him to 

 be a fugitive and vagabond on earth, and to till an ungrateful 

 foil, which (hould not recompenfe his labour with tlie plenty 

 and increafe he had before experienced. Neverthelefs he fet 

 a mark upon him, or gave him a fign, that none might take 

 away his life in his wanderings. Many ridiculous conjeftures 

 have been made both by Jews and Chriftiaus concerning this 

 mark. Some have fuppofcd that God fligniatifed him with 

 a lirandin his forehead, to denote his being accurfcd ; others, 

 that he had a wild afpeck and bloody eyes, which rolled in a 

 horrid manner. The fathers, in general, apprehend, that he 

 had a continual trembling of the body, fo that he could 

 hardly get his food to his mouth ; and this opinion is fa- 

 voured by the LXX, which render " a fugitive and a 

 vagabond" rsvo;* kki Tf^/xx-v, lamenting and tremb'ing. Others 

 fay, that wherever he went the earth Hiook under him ; and 

 others again intimate, that he had a horn growing out of his 

 forehead, to warn people to avoid him ; and others have in- 

 dulged him with the fign of the crofs. Le Clerc imagines, 

 that God ordered him to wear fome diftinguiOiing garment, 

 perhaps of fome glaring colour, as a mark or fign upon him 

 for his prefervation. To thefe fanciful conjcftures we may 

 add a more probable opinion of Dr. Shuckford (Conn, voj.i. 

 p. 8.), who renders the words niH* XZV^ ^\^\i ('pS 

 ♦' God gave to Cain a fign," or token, probably by fome 

 apparent miracle, that he would providentially prote(Sl him ; 

 fo that none that met him (hould kill him. In this fenfe 

 the word mji is ufed, when the rainbow is called the m}<{ 

 oth, that is, the fign, or token, of the covenant which God 

 made with Noah, afTuring him that he would drown the world 

 no more. (Gen. ix. 12 — 17.) See alfo Judg. vi. 17. Pfalm, 

 Ixxxvi. 17. Dr. Geddes (Crit. Rem. vol. i. p. 59.) tranflates 

 the words above cited, " and the Lord gave a token of 

 fecurity to Cain ;" and he obferves, that the original cannot 

 admit of the common interpretation, as there is not a fingle 

 paffagc in the Bible where p['^ fignifies a tnark or brand fet 

 on one. It always denotes a Jign, a token, a ivonHerful 

 event ; but never a mari. And although CTJJ^ fignifies to 

 J>lace or fet, it has often a meaning like that of TJ^J ; and 

 /^^^< Dil" '^ ^^■■'^ equivalent to jn' HMi^ ^"d fuch is 

 its fignification wherever it is connedlcj with the word J^^J{. 

 Pf. Ixxiv. 4. Ixxviii. 4;. cv. 27. If. Ixvi. 19. 



Cain at length fettled with his wif° and family in the land 

 of N'^d, on the eall of Eden, where he built a city, calling it 

 after the name of his fon, Enoch. But Jofephus fays (Ant. 

 l.i. c. 2.) that iiidead of being reformed by the punifhment in- 

 flifted on him, he became more wicked and violent, and 

 headed a band of thieves, whom he taught to acquire riches 

 by oppreffion and robbery. He is faid to have corrupted 

 and chniged the finiplicity and honefty of the world, and to 

 Have invented weights and meafures. He was alfo the firft 



C Al 



who fet bounds to the fields, and who built and fortified* 

 city. 



CAINAN, the fon of Enos, was born A. M. 325, B C. 

 3679, Enos being 90 years of age. Gen. v. 9. At the age 

 of 70 he begat Mahaleel, and died at the age of 910 years, 

 A. M. 1235, B. C. 2769. 



Caivan was alfo thefonof Arphaxad, and father of Salah, 

 whofe name does not occur either in the Samaritan or Hebrew 

 text, nor in any of the ancient verfions of Gen. xi. 12, &c. 

 except the LXX ; and hence it has been generally deemed 

 an interpolation. The name, however, oct:urs in the genea- 

 logy of Chrifl, Luke iii. 36, between Snlali and Arphaxad. 

 Dr. Jackfon, in the firll volume of his " Chronohigical 

 Antiquities," labours hard to fliew, that the reading of the 

 LXX is the true original reading, and that it Hood in the I 

 original copies till after the Chrillian a:ra. It muft be ac- ' 

 knowledged, that it is not eafy to determine by what means 

 it could have got into the Septuagint verfion, if it had not 

 been found in their Hebrew copv ; and it is certain, that it 

 muft have been In the copy ufed by St. Luke in forming his 

 genealogy of Chrill. It is not eafy to conceive, how fuch 

 an interpolation could have been made, or for what purpofe; 

 whereas its having been dropt out of the Hebrew text may 

 be readily accounted for. On the other hand, the confor- 

 mitv of tlie Samaritan with the Hebrew copies, the filence 

 of Jofephus and Philo, and its omilFion in the chronological 

 computations of Julius Africanus, Eulcbius, and Tlieophilus, 

 are urged as cogent proofs tliat the pafTage was not in the 

 original copies of the Septuagint ; and Grotius even ilfferts, 

 that it was not to be found there before the 4th century. 

 But it may be afleed, how csme it to be iiilcrted ? To which 

 it is replied, that it was foifted into St. Luke's gofpel by 

 fome carelefs copyift from ver. 37, where it rightly occurs; 

 and this interpolation, being tranfcribed by other copyiftsi 

 got imperceptibly into almoft all the exemplars ; and, on 

 thefe exemplars, the copies of the I^XX were next interpo- 

 lated, in order to make them agree with the evangelift. 

 This indeed, though not an impoflTible, is certainly a ftrange, 

 rapid, and almoft incredible procefs. For we find this fame 

 interpolated Cainan in the Syriac, Vulgate, Arabic, and 

 Ethiopic verfions. Upon the whole there is reafon for in- 

 clining to the opinion, that the comma in queftion flood 

 originally in the Septuagint verfion, and that Luke drew his 

 genealogy from that verfion. After all, it is a point, in its 

 conneAion with Biblical criticifm, of no great moment, as 

 the defign of the evangelift was only to prefent us with the 

 genealogy of Chrift in its afcent to Adam, which is equally 

 clear, whether we reckon Salah as the immediate dcfcendaut 

 of Arphaxad, or whether we confider him as his grandfon by 

 Cainan. We muft not, however, omit to mention, that the 

 comma is wanting in three of Holmes's MSS. in the Coptic 

 (which indeed has Cainan, but makes him one of the fons of 

 Shem, and places him after Aram), and Armenian, edited 

 copies, and in one Arab. MS. Nor was it read by Theo- 

 philus ; nor by Jerom in his Heb. Qiieftions ; where he ex- 

 prefsly fays, " Ari haxad genuit Sala." 



CAINAS, in Ancient Gi-cj/vi/i/iv, a navigable river of Afia, 

 which difcharged itfelf into the Ganges; mentioned both by 

 Pliny and Arrian. 



CAINITES, or Cainians, in Ecclefiajikal Hiflory, a feft 

 of ancient Gnoftics, that fprung up towards the clofe 

 of the fecond century, and paid extraordinary honours to 

 thofe perfons rcprefented in Scripture as the worft of man- 

 kind ; fo called from Cain, whom they efteemed their patri- 

 arch, and the chief objeft of their veneration. They held 

 that Cain, Efau, Core, Dathan, and Abiram, and thofe of 

 Sodom, were born of a moft eminent celeftial virtue ; that 

 6 Abel, 



