C A L 



tieatcll tliofo mountains, fitiiate cillier on liills or in tlic plain, 

 ■were totally ruined tiy the tirft (liockof the ;th of February; 

 and the farther removed towns and villarcs were from this 

 centre, tl.e Icfs they fufTercd. Indeed, tne face of the earth 

 of that p;irt of Calabria above-mentioned was entirely al- 

 tered ; many openir.gs and cracks had been made in the 

 ground; fome hills had been lowered, and others qnite 

 levelled ; roads were rendered impaflable by the chnlms that 

 had been produced in llie plains ; hu(re mountains had been 

 fplit afunder, and parts ot them driven to a conlidcrahle 

 diftance ; deep vallies had been filled by the fevered moun- 

 tains ; the courfe of fome rivers had been altered ; new 

 fprinfs broke forth in dry grround, and other fprings totally 

 difappcared ; and in one place the iurfaee of two wholi.- tene- 

 ments, on which grew larjje olive and mulberry trees, were 

 detached by the earthquake, ajid tranfplaiited, whilft the 

 trees remained in their places, to tlie dillanee of about a mile 

 from their former fituation ; and from the fpot on which 

 they formerly flood, h<it water fprung up to a confidtrable 

 height, mixed with fenuginone fand ; and near this place 

 fome countrymen and fliepherds had been fwallovred uji with 

 their teams of oxen and their flocks of goats and (heep. 

 " From the city of Amantea," fays fir William "fituateon 

 the co;ift of the Tyrrhene Tea, in Calabria Citra, and along 

 the wcllwardcoall to cape Spartivento in Calabria Ultra, and 

 then up to the eaftcrn coail as far as the cape d'Alice (a 

 part of Calabria Citra) on the Ionian fea, there is not a town 

 or village, either on the coaft or land, but what is either 

 totally dellroyed, or has fufitred more or lefs, amounting in 

 all to near 400 of what are called liere " Paefes ;" a village 

 containing lefs Uian 100 inhabitants is not counted as a 

 " Paefe." At Cafal Nnovo, the princefs Gerace, and up- 

 wards of 400 of the inhabitants, loll their lives ; at Bagnara, 

 the number of dead amounts to 3017 ; Radicina and Palmi 

 count their lofs at about j 00 3 each ; Terra Nuova about 

 J400 ; Scminari ftill more. The fum total of the mortality 

 in both Calabrias and in Sicily, by the earthquakes alone, 

 according to the returns in the fecretary of (la'e's office at 

 Naples, is 32,167 ; " but fir William conceives that the 

 whole number amounted at leaft to 40,000. In the accounts 

 from Calabria Ultra, two fingular phenomena are mentioned. 

 " At about the di'.lance of 3 miles from the ruined city of 

 Oppido, there was a hill (the foil of which is a fandy clay) 

 about 5C0 palms high, and 1300 in circumference at its 

 bafis. It was i'aid that this hill, by the fliock of the 5th of 

 February, jumped to the didance of about 4 miles from the 

 fpot where it Hood, into a plain called the Campodi Bafiano. 

 At the fame time the hill on which the town of Oppido 

 Hood, which extended about 3 miles, divided into two, and 

 as its fituation was between two rivers, its ruins filled up the 

 valley, and Hopped the courfe of thofe rivers ; two great 

 lakes are already formed, and are daily incrcafing, which 

 lakes, if means are not found to drain them, and give the 

 rivers their due courfe, in a Ihort time murt infcifl the air 

 greatly." For a farther detail, fee Phil. Tranf. vol. 73. 

 parti. See Earthquake. 



CALABRINI, in Botany, a name by which fome au- 

 thors call the rough spleenwort, or luttchiiis iijpcra. Ger. 

 Emac. Ind. 



CALABRITA, in Geoj;m/>h, a town of European 

 Turkey, in the Morea ; 3.S miles W. of Corinth. 



CALABRITO, a town of Naples, in the province of 

 Principato Citra. 



CA LA BUR A, in Botnny, (Pluk.) See Muntikgia. 

 CALACHERIN, in Geography, a town of Pcrfia, ia the 

 province of Irak ; I2j milea W. of Aniadan. 

 Vol. V. 



C A i, 



C.\LACINE, or CAi.AciirNP, in y)rui-nt Gfcj;i/ij>liy, a 

 province or dillrift of AfFyria, bounded on the north by the 

 mountains of Armenia and Arrapachitis, on the weft by the 

 Tigris, on the eaft by the l.ycns, and on the fonth by 

 Adiabene. It contained the following cities, viz. Marde, 

 Calafli, BefFara, and Refin. 



CALACTA, a maritime town, feated on the nortlieri* 

 coaft of Sicily. Ptolemy. 



CAl.ADE, in the Maiirge, a defrcnt or fltipe in a riding- 

 ground, by which to bring a horfe to bend his haunches, and 

 form his Hop, with the aids of the calves of the legs, bridle, 

 and cavefon, fcafonably given. 



The caliule is alfo called, by the French, laji. They faf 

 to ride or gallop down the cc.tade. 



CALADIUM, in Jloldny, a name given by Rumphiui 

 to a plant which Linnxus afterwards called Arnm efculeii- 

 tum. Ventenat has feparated it from Anun ; and tmitinf 

 it with the ovatnm, the fagjttifolinm and arborefcens of 

 I-inna:ns, and the bicolorum of Aiton, with two others lefs 

 known, has formed a new genus under the original name 

 given it by Rum[)hius, with the following general chara(f^er. 

 Spaihe fvTclling, foUKd in its lower part. SpnJlx or anient 

 ftiorter than the f|)alhe, fimple, ftraight, cylindric, with the 

 male (lowers on the upper part, and female on the lower. 

 ytiilhcrs feftile, difpofed in a fpiral form, with twelve furrows 

 full of pollen in molecules agglutinated together, and ter- 

 minated at the lop by a flat furface in the fliape of a lozenge, 

 which is fi>rinkled with ftiining dots, and crenulatcd at its 

 bcirdtr. Germs numerous, otbicular, concave. Stigma fcf- 

 file, umhilicate; full of a vifcous liqnoc. The fpace bctwee» 

 the ftamens and piftils occupied by four rows of oblong, 

 olnnfe, elevated glands. Fruit fimilar to that of Arum. 

 Its clfential charafter, iccording to Ventenat, is founded on 

 the fituation and ftrndure of the anther.i, and even of thft 

 pollen itfelf, on the direclion and form of the glands, and oa 

 the umbilicated ftigmas. Sec Arum. 



CALArUNUM, in /Incieul Geography, a town of Spain, 

 afligned by Ptolemy to the " Callaici Brxcarii" in the Tar- 

 ragonenfis, and fituate, according to M. d'Anville, to the 

 north-weft of Aqua; Flavise. 



CAL/EI, iflands of the Indian ocean, placed by Arria» 

 at the mouth of the Perfic gulf. 



CALyENUS, a fountain of Afia Minor in Lycia. Steph. 

 By/.. 



CALAF, m Botany, <Alpinus iEgypt.) See Salik 



jEgyPTI ACA. 



Calaf, in Geography, Karalghcn-Soui, a ftream of Afia 

 in Mefopotamia, which, running from well to eaft, dif- 

 charges itfelf into the Tigris, near Amida. 



CALAGOKINA, a town of Spain, attributed by Pto- 

 lemy to the Vafcones. 



CALAGORRIS, Caz^rks, a place of Gaul, belong, 

 ing to the " Volcx Tcftofages," at fome diftance S.W. 

 of Tolofa, and comprehended within the Narbonnenfis 

 Prima. 



CALAGUM, Chaili.i, a place of Gaul, belonginjf 

 to the " Meldi," S.F.. of Meldi or latinum (Meaux.) It 

 was included in the Lyonnenfis Q^narta. 



CALAGURIS, now Calahorra, a town of Hifpa* 

 nia Citcrior, feated on the Iberus, belonging to the Vaf- 

 cones. Alfo, a town of Spain, belonging to the Ilegertes, 

 according to Ptolemy ; now Loharre. It was fituated N. 

 W. of Ofca. 



CAI- AH, or Cauf., in Ancient Geography, one of the four 

 cities built by Afliur, of which we have an account iu Gen. 

 X. II, It. This is fuppofed to be the Calacli, fituate about 



4Y the 



