C A L 



C A L 



f.\, ;.»rTvrii<! and mentioned by Strabo as conveyed a melTenger to the governor, who informed him that 

 tl o".'iul 1 a prvinJ^^calkd CaSno, feeming to be he would grant them no terms ; but that they muft fur- 



the fame Nvitii Ptolemy'. Calaciue, above Ao.abene, towards 



Spain, in Old Caftile, feateJ on the outh fide of the Eb^o, 

 on the borders of Navarre ; <'Z miles N.W. of baragolla. 



"^ CAlSsf a S:^^^o( France, and cluef place of 

 a S.nto,n n'tle department of the rtraits of Cala.s and 

 diftria of Boulogne; the place '^-:«■"^6,7, o, and the 

 canton 1^,266, inhabitants; the territory includes 165 ki- 

 Homctres'and .2 communes. Calais has a otadel on the 

 N W fide, and near the fea, as large as the town wich o 

 a trance, and is ikongly fortified; but its chief ttrength 

 entrance, f,^,,^^ion among the marfhes, which may 



render at difcretion. At length, in confequence of the 

 fpirited icinonftrances o'f the governor, and the interceflion 

 of fir Walter Manny, whom he had deputed as his mefrenger, 

 Edward confented to grant their fives to the garrifon and 

 its inhabitants, except fix of the principal burgefles, who 

 were required to deliver to him the keys of the city, with 

 ropes about their necks. In this extremity of deep diftrefs, 

 Euftace de Pierre, one of the moll wealthy merchants of 

 the place, voluntarily offered to be one of thofe fix viftims ; 

 and his example was foon followed by five others of the 

 richell citizens. Thefe illuftrious patriots, barefooted and 

 bareheaded, with ropes about their necks, were attended to 

 the gates by all the inhabitants with tears, blefTings, ana 

 prayers for their fafety. When they were introduced into 



depends upon its "t"-''"'—';^- ;;7e,K"myr'lt is encom'- ihe-prefence of Edward, they laid the keys of the city at 



be overflowed at the ^^O'^^^'^^ ^^^^.^^^^ ^.,>^ ,^^,^^,^,^_ ^^. , ,,;, {,,,^ ^^j, f,lli„g „po„ their knees, fupplicated his 



palled, excepe < ^^^^j ^.^^^^^ ^_ ^ ^^^^^^ ^,^^jj._ j^ j^ ^^^^^ ;,, ^^^.^^^ (-^ moving, as to melt the fpedators into 



moat ana ^ ^ > . , fnadous and handfome tears. The queen enforced their interceffion, and implored 



a regular ^^''t '•b''''^'^^^^"^;;; ;^j^,.^bl clean and well paved ; and obtained their lives. Having thus fucceeded, (he con- 



andTia's feve.al churches and monafteries. Its harbour, form- dueled them into her own apartment entertained them ho- 



^d bv a fmall rivulet, is too much obftruded by fand to ad- nourably, and difmifTed them with prefents. Edward, liavang 



ea Dy__a ..■ a ^^ , ^^ „„^,„„n merchant Ihips, except taken poirefiion of the city, tound it neceliar)- to turn out 



auav't'erminates in two long wooden moles, which extend the place, and conferred the government of it upon Des 

 f th f^a Calais is a trading town, and in tmie of peace Termes, who was loon after made a marlhal of I ranee. By 



reyula?- pak'ets for the mail fail from and to England ; and the treaty at Chateau Cambrefis, it was agreed, that Calais 

 •ther pafTa^e boats form a conftant intercourfe between this (hould, after the expiration of 8 years, be reftored to Eng- 

 1 and Dover from which it is diftant 22 miles S.E. land ; and, at the expiration ot that term, queen Elizabeth 

 Some have funpofed that an ifthmus formerly joined Calais difpatched fome troops to recover it; but the furrender was 

 d Dover • and that the rupture of it was occafioned by refufed, becaufe, five years before, the Enghfh had taken 

 an earthquake, and has been gradually widened by tides Havre,_ and violated the terms of the treaty In the year 

 and currents. Calais communicates by means of canals with 1596, it was taken by the Spaniards, under the condua of 

 — • ■ • - the archduke Albert, but was reftored two years after by 



the peace of Vervins. In 1694, it was bombarded by the 

 Englilh, under fir Cloudefly Shovel, but without fuftaining 

 much damage. Calais is dillant 7 leagues from the South- 

 Foreland, and 40 from Dunnofe ; 5 poils S.W. from Dun- 

 kirk, and 34-1 N. from Paris. N. lat. 50'^ 5;' 31". E. 

 long. 1° 50' 56". High water 11° 30'. 



Calais, St. a town of France, and principal place of a 

 diftria in the department of the Sarthe ; 6 leagues E.N.E. 

 of Chateau du Loir. The place contains 3,630, and the can- 

 ton 13,749, inhabitants; the territory comprehends 307^ 

 kiliometres and 14 communes. N. lat. 47° 56'. E. long. 



o"" 39'- 



Calais, a townftiip of Caledonia county, and ftate of 

 Vermont, in America ; 105 miles n§rth-eafterly of Benning- 

 ton ; cnntainiKg 45 inhabitants. 



CALAMA, in jlr.cient Geography, Gelma, or Kalma, an 

 cpifcopal town of Africa, in Numidia ; fituate to the fouth- 

 weil of Hippo-regius. St. Auguftine mentions a difturb- 

 ance that happened in this place, A.D. 40S, or 409 ; and 

 From thefe laws it appears that the city was governed by that foon fucceeded a law enaaed by Honorius in 407, or 

 its own ma^ifti-ates ekaed by the citizens, antl by a bailiff 408, exprefsly prohibiting the folemnities of the Gentiles, 

 appointed by the count. Among its privileges we find Calama, the name of a village of Afia, in Carmania, or 

 that, if a woman offered to take, as her huftjand, a man Gedrofia, according to Arrian. 



condemned to death for theft, flie might demand and obtain Calama, in Geography, a town of Naples, in the province 

 his pardon. In 1347, Calais was taken by Edward III. of of Calabria Uhra ; 6 miles N. E. of Reggio. 

 England, after having been reduced to extreme diftrefs by CALAMiE, or Calames, in yZ/ic/Vn/ Gc'Ofra/i/?'^, a burgh 

 famine. Edward, having been detained under it; walls for of Pcloponnefua, in Melfenia, feated on the river Aris, and 

 eleven montSs by the obiiinatc refiftance of its defenders, mentioned by Polybius and Paufanias. 



CALAMA- 



St. Omer's, Gravelines, Dunkirk, &c 



About the clofe of the 12th centniy, Calais was only a 

 fifhing village; but from the fnccefs of its inhabitants in the 

 herring filhery, it foon acquired fo much importance as to 

 attraa the notice, and excite the rapacity ot the church ; 

 for in the year 1180, we find that pope Alexander lil. 

 granted the tithe of all the herrings there taken to the 

 abbey of St. Bertin, recorded for its immenfe wealth, tor 

 the luxurious and diffolute lives of its monks, and for the 

 worthleffuefs of its abbot. The honeft fiftiermen, not 

 readily comorehending the pope's right to give away then- 

 property, declared that they would foouer decimate the 

 monks than fuffer their herrings to be decimated. They 

 were, however, reduced to obedience by the count ot 

 Flanders, who was then their regent, as guardian to Ida, 

 countefs of Boulogne. Its walls and caftle were built in 

 the year 1228 by Philip count of Boulogne, brother of 

 Lewis VIII. ; but its municipal laws and prWileges are fup- 

 pofed to have been granted by the countefs Ida, and her 

 fourth huftjand, Rcnand de Dammartin, in the year 1191. 



