C A L 



CALAMAGROSTIS, in Botany, (Trag. ic. Dalech. 

 Hill.) See Triglochin palujlre. Linnasus has given it as 

 a trivial name to a fpecies of Agrollis, and alfo to one of 

 Arundo. Dr. Withering has madi.- it a generic appcllatioH 

 for fuch fpecies of Arundo as have only one floret in a calyx: 

 but, as Dr. Smith juftly obftrves, (l'"lor. Brit. vol. i. p. 14";.) 

 the very natural genus arundo ought not to be broken merely 

 on account of a difference in the number of florets, and, if 

 that were n-ct the cafe, the term calamagrolUs is not admiffi- 

 ble, as a generic name, on the ellabliflied principles of the 

 Linnxan Nomenclature. 



CALAMANCO, in Commerce, a woollen n.ufF manufac- 

 tured in Brabant and in Flanders, particularly at Antwerp, 

 Lille, Tournay, Turcoin, Roubaix, and Lannoy. 



It is commonly woven wholly of wool ; there are fome, 

 however, wherein the warp is mixed with filk, and others 

 with goat's hair. There are calamancos of all colours, and 

 diverfely wrought. Some are quite plain, others have broad 

 ilripes adorned with flowers ; forae with plain broad llripes ; 

 fome with narrow llripes ; and others watered. This has 

 been alfo no inconfiderable branch of the woollen manufac- 

 ture in England, both for home wear and exportation ; but 

 of late it has declined. 



CALAMRACUM, in Ancient Geography, a place of 

 Italy, in Magna Gra;cia, between Petitia, and the niarfh 

 of Lucania. 



CALAMARIA, mBotan, (Dillon. Mufc.) See Isoe- 

 TES lacuftris. 



CALAMARIiE, one of the natural orders of Linnsus, 

 nearly allied to the graffes, and having commonly the fame 

 kind of leaves, but difl'ering from them in not having a two- 

 ralved glume. The calamariss have a culm which is gene- 

 rally triquetrous, rarely cylindrical, often leaflefs, or bearing 

 only a few leaves. The leaves are generally more rigid and 

 rough, and the flowers are often difpofed in an imbricated 

 manner. The genera enumerated in the Syllema Naturx are, 

 bobartia, (but the genus is now abolirtied ; fee Bobartia,) 

 fcirpus, cyperus, eriophorus, carex, and fchsnus ; with a 

 doubt, whether flagallaria, j uncus, and fcheuchzcria fliould 

 not be added. In the pofthumous leftures of Linnxus, as 

 publiflied by Gifeke, they ftand thus : fparganium, typha, 

 criophorum, fcirpus, carex, fcleria, cyperus, fchaenus, ref- 

 tio, gahnia, kyUingia, fuirena. The genus fcleria is added 

 by Gifeke. 



CALAMARIUS, in Zoology, a fpecies of Coluber, 

 having 140 abdominal plates, and 22 caudal fcales. Linn. 

 Muf. Ad. Fr. 



This kind inhabits America : general colour livid with 

 linear brown ftreaks and dots : beneath teffellated with 

 brown. 



CAIjAMATA, in Geography, a town of European 

 Turkey, in the Morea, feated on the river Spinazza ; taken 

 by the Venetians in 1685, but fince retaken, together with 

 the reft: of the Morea, by the Turks ; 13 miles W. of Mifitra. 



CALAMBA, or Calambac, in Commerce, a kind of 

 wood brought from China, ufually fold under the denomina- 

 tion oi lignum aloes, or agallochum. 



Sir Phil. Vernatti makes calambac and lignum aloes fyno- 

 tiymous. Others feem to diftinguifli, rellraining calamba 

 v/ood to the bell fort of aloes wood, growing chiefly in Ma- 

 lacca, and Sumatra ; and much ufed in India for making of 

 beads and crucifixes. Phil. Tranf. N"^ 43. p. 86,'. 



CALAMENTHA, or Calamintha, in Ancient Geo- 

 graphy, a town of Africa, in Libya, belonging to the Phoe- 

 nicians. 



CALAMIANES, in Geography, a clufter of iflands in the 

 Indian Sea, among thofe called the " Philippine Illands," 



C A L 



fituate at a fmall diftance from the nortlu'rn cape of Para, 

 gua, and weft from Manilla, and giving name to a province 

 or government. Tiiey art reckoned twelve in number, v. .'i:ch 

 are all fmall, and inhabited by peaceable Indians, who pay 

 tribute. Tiie chief produft of their mountain'! is wax, 

 which llu-y gatiier twice in the year. The rocks over the 

 fea afford fome of the elleemcd birds' iicfts, and on the coafti 

 are fine pearls. 



CALAMIDES, a clufter of iflands, amounting to about 

 feventccn, fituate in the Indian Ocean, 14 or 15 leagues 

 S. W. of Luban, and forming a province; the larg'.il of 

 which is ParaiTua, which fee. 



CALAMIFEROHS, in Botany, a denomination given 

 by fome to thofc otherwife called culmiferous plants. 



CALAMINA, in Ancient Geography,' z. lake of .Afia, in 

 Lydia ; in which, according to Phny, were floating iflands, 

 which, during the Mithridatic war, ferved as a place of re- 

 fuge for the Roman citizens. 



CALAMINE, or I-APis Calaminaris, is an ore of 

 Zinc, which fee. The lapis calaminaris, calcined, powdered, 

 and fifted, forms a heavy brownifli-yellow powder, which 

 when mixed with wax and oil forms the " ceratum lapidis ca- 

 laminaris," (ceratum epuloticum of the old difpenfaries,) the 

 moft commonly ufed of all the fimple un<fuents. Calamine 

 is much ufed for taking off films from the eyes of horfes, 

 &c. 



Calamine, in Rural Economy, an ore of zinc, having a 

 white-gray brown, or red colour, and varying in hardnefs. 

 It is found in Derbylhire, and fome other diilritls, a-d is 

 fuppofed by fome writers to be capable of being made ufe of 

 in agriculture with advantage, from its containing oxy- 

 gen in a large proportion, as one of its coiilUtuent prin- 

 ciples. Too few experiments have, however, yet been 

 made with this material to fully afcertain its utdity in this 

 application. 



CALAMINT, in Botany, (Smith Flor. Brit.) Sec 

 Thymus Calamintha, and Nepcta, removed by Dr. Smith 

 from MeliflTa. 



CALAMINTHA, (Pluk. Mant. .34. t.344. y/?. i. 

 Morif. Hift. iii. p. 413. S. ii. t. 19. f-?.) See Cum- 

 la mariana. 



Calamintha arvenjis vertici/lata, (Bauh. Pin. 229). Sec 

 Mentha arven/is. 



Calamintha aquatica lelgarvm, (Lob. ic. 50J.) See 

 Mentha exigua. 



Calamintha hederacea, (Scop.) See Glechoma hedc' 

 racea. 



Calamintha magnojlore, (Bauh. Pin. 229. Riv. Mon. 

 43.) See MiLiss A grandt/Iora. 



Calamintha vulgaris, (Bauh. Pin. 228.) montana, 

 (Dod. Pemp. 98. R'iv. t. 4'J. Blackw. t. 166.) See Me- 

 lissa calamintha, Linn. Thymus. Dr. Smith. 



Calamintha pnlcgii odore, (Bauh. Pin. 22S.) montana 

 pricalta, (Bocc. Muf. 2. p. 4?. t. 40 & 38. Riv. t. 47. 

 Kniph. Cent. 7. n. 2;.) See Melissa nepcta, Linn. Thy- 

 mus. Smith. 



Calamintha incana, (Bauh. Pin. 228. Pulegii odore 

 minor Bar. ic. 1166.) See Melissa cretica. 



Calamintha hifpanica frutefcens, (Tourn. Inft. 194.) 

 Montana incana minor. (Morif. Hift. 3. p. 413. "• 3' 

 See MEi.!ssAfruticoJa. 



Calamintha Icrtium genus, (Fuch. Hift. 436.) Sec 

 Inula dyjl-nt erica. 



■ CALAMINTHA, in Ancient Geography, a town of 

 Libya, probably of Mauritania, taken notice of by Hero- 

 dotus and Hccatxus, whofe fitnation is unknown ; but fup- 

 pofed by Bochart, from the etymology of the name in the 

 4 Y 2 Ptiocniciaa 



