C A L 



Tn the Pliilofopliical Tranfaftions, we liave a dtfci'Iption 

 of a new fort of calafli going on two wlittis, not hung on 

 traces, ytt eafier than tlic common coaches ; having tliis 

 farther advantage, that whereas a common coach will over- 

 turn if one wheel goes on a furface a foot and a half higher 

 than th.it of the other, this will admit of a diflerencc 

 pf three feet and one third, without danger of overturn- 

 ing. Add that it would turn over and over, that is, 

 after bemg turned fo as that the fpokes are pai-alkl to 

 the horizon, and one wheel fiat over the head of him 

 that rides in it, and the otlier flat under him, it will turn 

 once more, by which the wheels are placed in Jlnlii quo, 

 ■Vvithinit any diforder to the horfe, orrider. N^ 172. p. 102S. 



CALASIO, Marius de, in B'to^^raphy, a Francifcan, 

 profeflbrof Hebrew at Rome, and autlior ot a " Cor.cordance 

 of the Hebrew Words in the Bible," in four volnmts folio, 

 printed at Rome in i6ji, and at London in 1747- This 

 Concordance has been highly approved both by proteftants 

 and papilU ; and conlaiiis, befides the Hebrew words oc- 

 curring in the Bible, the Latin verfion, and, in the mar- 

 gin, the variations between the LXX verfion, and the Vul- 

 gate. Belidts, at the beginning of every article, there is a 

 kind of dictionary, which gives the lignification of each 

 Hebrew word ; and it furniflies an opportunity of comparing 

 it with other oriental languages, -yia. the Syriac, Arabic, 

 «nd Chaldee. 



CALASIRn, in Ancient Geography, the denomination 

 of a people, who, according to Herod<;tus, formed a clafs 

 of E'^yptians. amounting in number to 2 jO,co; perfons, de- 

 voted, from father to fon. to the proftflion of arms, without 

 being attached to agriculture, or to any art. The kings 

 of Egypt had always o.ie thoufand of them among their 

 guards. 



CALASIRIS, or Calassis, in Antiqu'Uy, a linen tunic 

 worn by the Phoenician, ^^yptian, Roman, and other 

 prierts. We alfo lind mention of the calafiris as worn by 

 the foldiers and by women. In which lall ftnfe, it fctms to 

 have been a knot in the women's gown, whereby it was 

 drawn about the neck. 



CALASTRI, in Geography, a town of Hindooflan, in 

 the Carnatic ; 15 geographical miles E.N. E. from Tripetty, 

 and 61 from Arc.^t : but major Rennell has fome doubts 

 concerning the accuracy of its pofition. 



CALATABELLOTA, formerly the Crimifus, a river 

 of Sicily, wiih the waters of which the inhabitants overflow 

 their beautiful rice grounds : and alfo a town of Sicily in 

 the valley of Mazara ; fix miles S.E. of Sciacca. 



CALATA-i-lMI, a town of Sicily, in the valley of 

 Mazara ; 19 miles E.S.E. of Trapani. It is built on a 

 ridge between two vallies, and its inhabitants are ellimated 

 at 10,000. 



Calata-girone, or Calagirone, a royal city of 

 Sicily, in the Val di Note, fituate about 20 miles from 

 the fca, on the fumiriit of a very high inlulated hill, embo- 

 fomed in thick groves of cypreffes, and containing about 

 17,000 inhabitants, who live by agriculture and the manu- 

 faflure of potters-ware. The road to it, though paved, is 

 very deep, and difficult of paflage for any animal except a 

 mule or an afs. The inhabitants of this city are deemed the 

 politeft people in the ifland, and many of them live in a very 

 elegant llyle. The natives have an idea that this city is 

 very ancient, and that it figured as a republic among the 

 Sicilians, during the zenith of Grecian glory, under the 

 name of inland Gela or Gelone. The Saracens fortified it, 

 but the Gcnoefe wrcfted it from them ; however, their force 

 was dwindled into a fhadow when the Normans arrived. Earl 

 Roger avaikd himfelf> on many occafions, of the trufty va- 



VOL, V. 



r A L 



lour of the Calata^eronofe, and rewarded them liberally with 

 ellatcs, which are ilill in their pofleflion, and render the cor- 

 poration one of the richclk in Sicily. De Non fay^, this 

 city, in which ancient coins arc ilill found, mull have bten 

 the " Ilybla-hxrea" of antiipiity. .Swinburne's Travels in 

 the Two Sicilies, vol. iv. Dc Non's Travels in Africa, &c. 

 p. 292. 



Calata-misstta, a town of Sicily, in tiie valley of Ma. 

 zara ; 37 miles E.N.E. of Girgenti. 



Calata-sciuelta, a mean town of Sicily, in the 

 Val di Noto, built on the point of a rock, about three 

 miles from Callro-Giovani. 



CALATAIUD, a city of Spain, in Arragon, fuuatcd at 

 the foot of a hill, at the conflux of the Xalon and X'loca, 

 defended by a calUe placed upon a rock. It contains i } 

 pariflies, and 15 convents ; 37 miles S.W. of SaragOiTa. 

 N. lat. 41° 22'. W. long. 2" 9'. 



CALATHE, in Ancienl Gtogrtiphy, Galata, an ifland 

 of the Mediterranean, on the coall of Africa. See Galata. 



CALATHIAN Violet. See Gentiana Pncumo- 

 nanlhc, 



CALATHIFORMIS, a term in Botany, denoting bowl- 

 fliaped, or hemifpherical and concave. 



CALATHION, in Ancient Geography, a mountain of 

 Peloponnefus, in Meflenia, fituate to tlie call of Gcrtnia : 

 on which was a temple dedicated to Calathca, with a grotto 

 having a very narrow entrance. 



CALATHUA, or Calathusa, a town of Arabia Dc- 

 ferta. Ptolemy. 



CALATHUS, in Antiquity, a kind of hand-baflvet made 

 of light wood, or ruflies ; ufd by the women fometimes to 

 gather flower.s, but chiefly after the example of Minerva to 

 put their work in. The figure of the calathus, as repre- 

 fented on ancient monuments, is narrow at the bottom, and 

 widening upwaid.s like that of a top. I liny compares it to 

 that of a niy. Hill. Nat. lib. xxi. cap. 5. The calathus, 

 or woik-bafl<et of Minerva, is no lefs celebrated among the 

 pacts than her dllaff. 



Calathus is alfo ufed to denote a drinking cup. Pliny 

 fcems likewife to ufe it for the calyx of a flower. Hift. 

 Nat. lib. XXV. cap. 7. 



CALATHUSA, in Geography, a town of Pontus. Steph. 

 Dyz. 



CALATIA, a town of Italy, fituate in Campania Fe- 

 lix. In the war of Hannibal, it fubmitted after Capua ; 

 and in that of the allies, Sylla a'ffigned it to the colony of 

 Capua. Julius Cjefar eilabliflied in it a colony of veterans. 



CALATIS, or Call AT is, a town of Lower Myfia, 

 in Europe, where, according to Strabo, was a colony 

 of the inhabitants of Hcraclca. It is mentioned by 

 Sallull, who places it on the weftcrn part of the Euxine 

 Sea, between lUropolis and Byzone. In the Pcriplus of 

 Scylax, It is called Callabis. 



CALATOR, in Antiquity, a crier, or officer appointed 

 to publifh fomething aloud, or call the people together. 

 The word is formed from ^aX-iu, I call. Such miniHirs the 

 pontiiicee had, whom they ufed to fend before them when 

 they went to facrifice on ferix or holidays to advertife tb» 

 people to leave oif work, Themagillrates alfo ufed caiatores, 

 to call the people to the comitia, hoihcuriala aud ce/ituriatt:. 

 The ofScers in the army alfo had calatores ; as had likewife 

 many private families to invite their guclls to entertain- 

 ments. 



CALATRAVA, in Geography, a town of Spain, in 

 New Callilc, and province of La Mancha, fituate near the 

 Morena mountaiiis, on the rirer Guadiana ; co miles S E 

 of Toledo. N. lat. 39". W. long. 4° 20', 



4 Z Calah 



