C A L 



en;i;, ^o feet li-.ncr a"cl fix lir.iad, with a F.rffpl.ice in tlic 

 centre Uir d.tfung vicliials, and planks acrufs for rowcis. 

 Nciir eai-h rower han^s a qiiixcr of arrnvs, in cafe of an at- 

 tack : tlit'lc natioiis living in continual war. The canoes 

 carry So perfons ; the (laves only are expofcd to t!ie damps 

 of the air, the maflers being (lieltered in the night by reed 

 mats fpread upon poles, and Hxe'i in the form of tents. 

 At the ea!l end of Loitoniba river, called by the Portu- 

 guefe R'o do Santo Don;ingo, which is three leagues from 

 the month of Rio Real, is a l^i^e town inhabited by ne- 

 gro traders, who tri'fSc in (laves, which thev bring honi 

 didant countries." Next to Loitoniba is Old Ca'baria, or 

 Calborg river. The interjacent coinitryus unprovided with 

 water: the coaft; from Rio Real to ancient Calborg is 24 

 leagues in extent, n^irth-novth-call. See Calab.ir. 



CALBE, a town ol Germany, in the circle of Lower 

 Saxony, and duchy of Magdeburg, on the Saal ; 20 miles 

 S. of Magdeburg. 



Calbe, or Kalbe, a town of Germany, in the circle of 

 Upper Si'xony, and old mark of Brandenburg ; 8 miles 

 fro.r. Gardv'ebin. 



CALBEKGA, a town of Hindooftan, in the country 

 of Hydrabad, furmtily a large city, and the Hated relidencc 

 of the ki:igs of the Deccan ; but now lef-i pi>pnlous, fince 

 it ctafcd to be the fcal o'' royalty ; Sj miles W. of Hyr'ra- 

 bad, and r :o E. of Vifutpour. N. lat. 17° 25'. E. long. 



77" 2:/- 



CALBIS, a town of E -ypt, 3 niles N. of Rofetta. 



Calbis, in Anc'uiit Gtofrjp/jy, a river of Afia Minor, in 

 the Donde, accordmg 10 Ptolemy, and in Caria, according 

 to Pomp.)nius Mela. Pl'ny calls it Indu'', and fsys that it 

 fprung from th- mouiitai s of C byra, and that it received 

 in its courfe Co rivers, and more than 100 torrents. Its 

 month was in the north-weft part of the gulf of Glaucus, 

 W. of the promontory of Pedalium. 



CALBONGA'-^, in Geo^ra/Jjy, the inhabitants of a 

 conn'ry in Africa. v.hic!i hes near the Source of the river 

 Rio d) R^y, or the Kmg'? River, and borders on Blafra, at 

 a d llai ce Tom the coaft. They are deleri!>ed as a wickid, 

 deceitfid, a d <ilt! y peop'e, who are naked, except th;.t 

 they cover tluir private parts, aid who bedaub then- bodies 

 with various co'ourp, and figures traced on their foreheads. 

 They are repafrnttd as deftitute of natural afTedtinn, as 

 well as fincerity, infomuch th .t parents fell their children, 

 hufbmds their wives, and brothers their fifters. In this 

 country, tl'.ofe ci mina's are declared innocei:t, who make 

 an incifion and fuek the blood out of their arms. See Rio 

 DO Rey. 



CALBUCO, ? t 'wn of So"th America, in t'le king- 

 dom of Cliili. ani m'litary govtrnm- nt of Chiloe. on the 

 coaft of the Sou.h Piciic Ocean, inhabited by ^jjaniatds, 

 Mt It Z'js, a'ld Indians, with one parifh church, a convent 

 of F aiicifians, anoti'tr of the Fathers of Mercy, and a 

 collcg of Jelnits In this town rcfides a Corrtgidor, who 

 is rominatrd by th' P.efident of Cl'.ili. It is fituate 18a 

 miles S. of Valdivia. S. lat. 42*^' 40'. W. 'ong. 73'' 37'. 



C.ALBUM,in Etito»iology,<i Ipecicso! Curculio found 

 in Europe, and dcfruocd by Scopoli. Thir, inftdt is varied 

 with copper and black, a..d is particularly diftinguilhed by 

 having an uicur ated line on the wing-cafes at the bafe, next 

 to the xternal angle. 



C. ALBUM, is dllu the fpecific name of 3 well known fpe- 

 cies o*^ the European Papiliones, called in Engla d the 

 couima butterflj. This mfeft ha= tlie wings an^ulatcd, ful- 

 vous (potted n.ith black : pofterior wiigs beneath marked 

 with a vi'hite curved luie rcfembling the letter C, whence its 

 name. 



C A L 



C.ALCADA, in G(r>yi:tphy. SeffCAlT.APA. 

 CALCAGIUM, \»"Mii!.lU /■t;e l^'iilns, a tai: or con- 

 tribution paid by the neighbouring inhabitants towards ihc 

 making or repairing of a ci minon c.uiftwav. 



CALCAGNINI. Cr.1.10, in nio<(n,j\'y. a learnrJ Fta- 

 lian, was probably tiic illeg'tir.iatc fon of the apoft heal 

 Prothonotary at Ferrara, and born in l,i;79. Having borne 

 ai ms, after t!>e completion of his (Indies, under llie empero- 

 Maximilian, and pope Julius II., he was employed in varloui 

 enibafiles, and h.mourable cominifli- ns. On li is return from_ 

 Huugaiy, wiiiiherhe accompiniid cardinal Mijipolitod'Ellc 

 in 1 5 18, he was made profeffor ot belles-lettr ■; in the uni- 

 verfity of Ferrara, v.hicli (;tricc lie held till his death in 

 1 5+'' He war. diftinguiflud by his promotion of the Acs- 

 demy, '■ Degli Elcvati," in tiuit tirj- ; ai.d by the liberul 

 donation of iiis valuable library, and colkdtion of mathe- 

 matical inilrumeiits to the Francifcaiis of Ferrara, on con- 

 dition of their pvefervir.g them for public life. lie wrote 

 much both in profe and verfe. His profe works were col- 

 lected by Frobenius at Bafil in I '44. Among thole that 

 rel.'.te to antiquities arc, the 3 books, " QniTlioiuun l^pifto- 

 licrirum," aiid his trcatifes, " l)e Rebus Asgypliacis," " 1); 

 Re Nautica," and " Dc Talorum, Tenerarinn, tt Calculo- 

 rum Ludis." Others relate to philofophy, morals, and 

 politics. Before Copernicus pubi'flied his fyl'.em, l.e wrote 

 a book to prove, " Q^iiod Ca;Ium ftat, Terra inoveatur." 

 Erafmns highly applaudo th;E author; though others con- 

 demn liis (lyle as laboured and overwhelmed with quotation. 

 His poetical (lyle was more eileti.ied. Three books of his 

 Latin poems were publifiied at Venice in 155J, with thofc 

 of Pigna and Ariofto. Tu-abofchi. 



CALCANEUM, or Calcankuc, in Jlnatcmy, the fame 

 as calx, OS calcis, calear, or the heel bone. 



It lies under the allragalus, to which it is arlieulated by 

 gingiimus ; behind it is a large pnitnbcrance, whi h 

 makes the iicel, and into which ihc tendo achillis is in- 

 feited. 



CALCANTHUM, in Minrmlvgy. Sec Vitriol. 

 CALCAR, in Anatomy^ the fame with calcaseijm. 

 Calcar, or Kelkar, John, in Biography, a painter of 

 hiftory and portrait, was born at Calcar m 1499. and he 

 rxcelhd fo much as a diiciple of Titi.in, that leveral of hij 

 defigns and paintings have been afcribed even by Goltzius 

 to tiiis eminent mailer. Kandrart afSrms, that he rifo imi- 

 tated the wotks of Raphael fo exattly, that fome of his pro- 

 duftions have been eftecmcd to be Raphael's own. His 

 " Nativity," whiih was a much admired compufition, and 

 which cxiiibited the light proceeding from the infant, was 

 in the poffefTion of Rubens ; and after bis death purchafid 

 by Sandrart, and fold to the emperor Ferdinand, by wlioni 

 it was very highly pii/.td. Calcar dtfigned ail the heads 

 for the works of Vafari, and the anatomical figures in thofc 

 of V.falius. He died in 1546. Pilkinglon's Diflionary 

 by Fnfeli. 



Calcar, in Botany, a conic projeftion from fome part 

 of a floAer refembling a cock's-lpur. Tropzohim, the naf- 

 tuitium or, Indian crcfs of the gardeners, is an inftance of 

 a calcar.->te or fpun-ed calyx ; delphinium, or larkfpur, of a 

 calcarate corolla; and orchis of a calcarate neiflaiy. 



Calcar, in Conchology, a fpecics of Tuk bo, the Ihcll of 

 which is fomcwhat imperforated and deprcfled ; whoils 

 fcabrous : fpiiies above comprtflcd and hollow. Linn, &c. 

 This is the Calcar of Rumpfius and Argenville. Chemnitz 

 gives fcveral diftinft varieties of this fhell from India, the 

 South Seas, and the Mediterranean. 



Calcar, a fpecics of Navtilus, found in the Adri- 

 atic Sea, and dcfcribed by Plancus among his microfcoplc 

 4 Z 2 Hielis 



