C A L 



C A L 



ynS^-n/'fi.i poh^flmm '^q^aUs. Nat. ord. Compofux oppofih/olu, Jown underneath j ftem (liriiby ; branches ifowny." Willd. 



Lnn^ 6Vv'«i;/Ir<r, Jufliai. Perennial. Younger leaves imbricated, adult orts fprcadiiiRi 



Geu. Ch. Cat. imbricated ; leales oblong, rather loofe. old ones rather rcflcxed. A native of New Zealand. 8„ C. 



Cot-, uniform ; florets hermaphrodite, numerous, equal, fun- fcoparia. See Sergilus A-«/<7riW. 



nel (liaped ; border hve-ckft. . ^to;;;. filameuts five,_ capillary, Obf. A feed with a finipfe down forms part of the ge^ 



very (liort ; anthers forming a cylindric tube. I'ljl. germ 

 a little oblong ; ftyle thread-fhaped, the length of the co- 

 rolla ; ftigmas two, recurved, acute. Pcric. the permanent 

 calyx. Seeds folitary, oblong ; down fimple or none. Re- 

 ceptacle chaffy ; fcales a little longer than the calyx, Handing 

 out confpicuoudy among the florets. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx imbricated. Receptacle chaffy. Sp. t. 

 C. jamaicenfis, Linn. (Santohna fubhirfuta, &c. Brown. 

 Jam. 315. 8. Cony7.a fruticofa, &c. Sloane Jam. 124. 

 hill. I. p. 257- 1. 151. f. 3.) "Flowers about three, pednn- 

 cled ; leaves ovate oblong, fomewhat ferrated, petioled." 

 Perennial. Stems fix or feven feet high, fhrubby, (lender, 

 round, flightly downy. Leaves oppofite, haiiy, rugged, 

 three-nerved. Flwjjers terminating, yellow with a red 

 tinge: calyx coloured: chaffy fcales of the receptacle co- 

 loured, the length of the calyx ; down rugged, as long as 

 the flower. A native of Jamaica; in woods. Obf. As 

 i'cveral other fpecies are natives ot Jamaica, the tri- 

 vial name is a bad one. 2. C. afpern, Willd. Jacq. ic. rar. 

 3. t. 58J. Colleft. 2. p. 290. " Flowers folitary, pediin- 

 cled, axillary ; leaves oblong, trebly nerved, unequally fer- 

 lated, rough." Willd. Annual. Stem four-cornered ; leaves 

 oppofite. A native of the warmer parts of America. 3. 

 C. oppofitifoUa, Linn. (Santolina erefla foliis linearibus ; 

 Brown. Jam. 315. 4. Acmella jamaicenfis; Sloane hill. 

 I. p. 256. Coipatlis, Hern. 36.) "Corymbs clofe; pe- 

 duncles very long ; leaves lanceolate ; (lem herbaceous." 

 Stem two feet high, upright, rather iliff, ilriated, pubef- 

 Icent ; branches oppofite. Leaves oppofite or ternate, nearly 

 feffile, entire or ilightly toothed, nerved, acuminate, foft. 

 Flotuers, white. Seeds without down, (with three or four 

 very minute awns, Swarlz). Inner fcales of the receptacle 

 •ionfjer than the relL A native of Jamaica. 4. C. Ametlus. 



nevic charadcr of Galea, as drawn up by Linnxus ; and yet 

 that cliarader is found in only one of his own fpecies. We 

 have therefore found it nccelfary to exclude it from tiio efTcii- 

 tial character, in order to admit the oppofitifolra and amel- 

 lus ; as Martyn and La March had already in fome degree 

 done ; though we confefs that, with the omiffion, the ginuj 

 is not fufficientiy difcrimiuated from fome other.';. The 

 whole clafs fyiigenefia ceitainly (lauds in need of accurate 

 invclligation and cautious refonn. But this is a taflc on 

 wliich we have not leifure to enter. We apprehend that wc 

 dilcharge our duty to the pubhe, if we lay before it the prc- 

 fent (late of the fcicnce, and point out fuch deficiencies aa 

 occur to our notice. The fcoparia, which Linna»u3 at tirft 

 made a chryfocoma, having a naked receptacle, cannot be 

 a calca. As it differs from chryfocoma in the fhuflure of its 

 down, we have adopted the gums formed for it by Girtmr. 

 Propa^at'ioji and Culture. Thefe plants may be pro- 

 pagated by feeds, treated like other natives of warm cli. 

 mates. 



CALE.^I-, in Geography, a town of Perfia, in the pro- 

 vince of Aidei-heiizan, 142 miles S.E. of Tauris. 



CALEB, in Scripture Uijlory, the fon of Jephunnch, 

 one of the medengeis deputed by Mofes to explore the 

 land of Canaan. Caleb and Jolhua returned with a fa- 

 vourable report, revived the dejefted fpirits of the If- 

 raelites, and allured them of fuccefs in their projefted in»a- 

 (ion of the countr)-. On this account it was predicted by 

 Mofcs that thty were the only two perfons of all the people 

 that came out of Egypt, who (hould live to enter the land 

 of Canaan. Caleb was at this time 40 years old. After 'he 

 Kraeliies, under the command of Joduia, had taken pofftf- 

 fion of Canaan, 13. C. 1451, he divided the land in thc 

 year B. C. 1453 5 "P"" which Caleb obtained for his 

 Lin'i. (Amellus ramofus, &c. Brown. Jam, 3 17.)" Flowers portion the mountains and city of Kiij.nh-Arba, or He- 

 ' " '^"' '" ' ' hron, a didritl poffclfed by the three fons of Anak. 



Finding it difficult to expel tlieai from the town of Debir, 

 he promifed his daughter Achfah as wife to an',- one who 

 (iiould take it. This was efftiitid by Othniel, the fon of 

 Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, who accordiugly married 

 Achfah. Caleb then fettled at Hebron, and is fai'd to have 

 lived in peace to his 114th year. Numb. xiii. xiv. Jolhua 

 XV. Judges t. 



CALEB, in Scr'iplure Geography, a diflriA of Judali, in 

 which were the cities of Kirjath-S'epher, and Hebron, be- 

 longing to the family of Caleb. I Sam. xxx. 14. 



CALECASIA, in Geography, a market tou'n of Cor- 

 fica, in thedilbiit of Niolo. 



GAINED, or Khaled, Eben ai. Walid, in TiiogmpLy 

 and Hi/lory, one of the moll valiant, fuccefsful, and fero- 

 cious of Mahomet's captains, belonged to the tribe of Ko- 

 reifli, and began his military career with oppofing the pre- 

 tended mifilun of the prophet: and at the battle of Oliod, 

 contributed by means of the wing which he commanded te> 

 the defeat of the Mollcms. Being afterwards converted, he 



Somewhat panicled ; calyxes lltort ; feeds naked ; leaves 



-ovate-lanceolate, petiolated." Stem fhrubby, branched. 



, Leaves oppofite, Flo-:vers yellow. A native of Jamaica. 



i Wiildenow fufpe6ls that it does not differ from Bidens fcan- 



' Jens of Linna:us. This and the preceding were cultivated 



by Mr. Miller in 1768. 5. C. lohata, halbert-weed, Willd. 



■ Gi-ert. Tab. 174. fig. 5. (Conyza lobata ; fp. pi. Conyza 

 m-borefcens, Pium. Spec. 9. ic. 96. Santolina ereda fub- 



'' hirfuta floribus comofis, Brown Jam. 315. 2. Virga aurea 



major,five Doria ; Sloane Jam. 125. Hif. i. 260, tab. 152. 



i fig. 4) " Corymbs clofe ; leaves alternate ; upper ones 



' ovate-lanceolate ; lower ones halbcrt-lhaped, finiiate-ler- 



rated." Swartz. Perennial, Stern four or live feet high, 



leafv, branched. Flotvers yellow. Sloane. Receptacle ra- 



■ iher convex ; fcales fimilar to tliofe of the calyx. Seeds 

 Imall, oblong, fmooth ; down fimple, a little toothed, 

 (horter than the fcales of the receptacle, but equal in length 



' to the flower, caducous. Gasrt. Brown fpeaks of it as an 



' excellent bitter, and fays that a fpirituous infufion of the 



tops is kept in moll plantations, and adminifteved as an ac 



, tive flomachic. Introduced into England by Dr. Houflon became a principal champion in the impollor's caufe, and 



.before 1733. 6. C. pinifolia, W'tWd. Martyn. Forft. prod, obtained from Mahomet the honourable title of " one of the 



'288. "Flowers fomewhat umbellate, terminating, clofe; fwords of God." Tiiis title was co'.iferrcd upon him in con- 



keaves nearly fmooth, alternate, linear, revolute at the mar- fequence of the battle of Muta, A.D. 6jo, in which, after 



gin ; flem flirubby ; branches pubefcent," Willd. Perennial, the fali of three fucccfiive commanders of the Modems, he 



gi , . - . 



Peduncles diort, one flowered. A native of New Zealand. 

 7. C. leptophylla, Willd. Martyn. Forft. Prod. 287. 

 « Flowers fomewhat umbellate, t;;rminating ; leaves growing 

 by fours, fpreading, linear, obtufe, revolute at the margin. 



affumed the flandard, and by his valour withftood and re- 

 puifed the fupcrior numbers of tlie Chrillians. Upon theac- 

 ceffion of Abubeker, he was deputed with a fmall army to 

 counteraft the revolt of fevcral Arabian tribes, whom he com- 

 5 C i pictci/ 



