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an J dsyf wlicn ffverat fcftivats were to be celebrated, which 

 it would be cliffinilt to reconcile, Playfair'* Chronology, 

 p, 55. Sec Epocha and Yfar. 



Calendar, fon/7ru(3<oBo/"o, vr almanac. Sep Almanac. 

 Calendar is nlfo ajij/licd to divert other compcilitioiis rc- 

 fpeftiiig the twelve months of the year. 



In this fcnfe, Spencer has given the fhepherd's calendar, 

 Evelyn and Miller the G;ardf ner't calendar, &c. 



Calendar is iifed for the catalogue, or fafti, anciently 

 kept in each church, of the faints, both iinlvcrfal, and thofe 

 particularly honoured in each church ; with their bidiops, 

 martyrs, &c. Calendars are not to be confounded with 

 martyrologics, fur each church had its peculiar calendar ; 

 whereas the martyrologics regarded the whole church in 

 general ; containing the martyrs and confcfTors of all the 

 churches. From all the fevcral calendars were formed one 

 martyrology ; fo that martyrologics are pofterior to calen- 

 dars. See Martvrologv. 



Calendar is alfo extended to an orderly table, or enu- 

 meration of perfons or things. I^oid Bacon widies for a ca- 

 lendar of doubts. A late writer has given a calendar of the 

 perfons who may inherit eftatcs in fce-finiplc. 



Calendar, KaLiidarium, originally denoted among the 

 Romans a book containing an account of monies at interell, 

 which became due on the calends of January ; the ufual 

 time when the Roman ufurers let out their money. Senec. 

 de Benef. lib. vii. c. to. Idem. lib. i. c. 2, Ejufd. Epift. 14. 

 Idem. Ep. 87. Fab. Thef. p. 413. 



Calendar months, the folar months as they (land in the 

 calendar, viz. January 31 days, &c. 



The number of days in each month may be fuggefted to 

 the memory by the following canon : 



" Thirty days hath September, 

 April, June, and November, 

 February has twenty-eight alone, 

 And all the red have thirty-one." 

 Calendar, aflronomka!, an inftrnment engraved upon 

 copper-plates printed upon paper, and paltcd on board, with 

 3 brafs Aider which carries a hair, and fhcws by infpeftion 

 the fun's meridian altitude, right afcenfion, declination, rifing, 

 fetting, amplitude, &:c. to a greater exaftnefs than our com- 

 mon globes will (hew. 



Calendar of prifoncrs, is a hft of all their names, with 

 their fepaiate judgments in the margin, which the judge 

 figns, and the execution of which is committed to the rcfpcc- 

 tive iherifF. In the cafe of a capital felony, the words "hang 

 by the neck" are annexed to the priloner's name, nillead 

 cX ^^ fuf. per col." {kiv fufpendatur pir collum, which was the 

 ancient form. Judge Blackdonc well obferves, that the 

 execution of a man leems to be too important and terrible a 

 talli to depend on a marginal note. Biackll. Com. voL.iv. 

 p. 396. 



CALENDAK-_j/o/^i ■ui/rum cakndare, a name formerly given 

 by fonie writers to a thermometer, or graduated tube, where- 

 by to meafnre the dc,nees of heat. 



CAi.^i*o\K-hrothtrs, frMres cahndani, a fort of devout fra- 

 ternities, compofcd of ccclcfiatlics as well as laymen ; whofe 

 chief bniinefs was to procure maffes to be faid, and alms 

 dillributed, for the fouls of fuch members as were deceafed. 

 They were alfo denominated calend-brotherj, becaufe they 

 ufualiy met on the calends of each month, though in fonie 

 places only once a quarter. 



CALENDARIO, Phili?, in Biography, a celebrated 

 architeft and fculptor, flourilhed at Venice in the time of 

 Martin Ealetri, doge of that repubhc in I.354' He con- 

 ftruftcd thofe beautiful porticos fupported by marble co. 

 lumns, which furrouod the place of Bt. Mark, above which 



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.ire fecn fiipcrb buildings ornamented with bas reliefs and 

 rich psiniings. By thifc works he tftabiiflicd both iiii fame 

 and fortune. M Meri. 



CALENDARIUM /r/?um. The Chriftians retained 

 much of the ceremony and wantonnefs of the cahnds of Ja- 

 nuaiy, uhicli for many ages was held a feaft, ard celebrated 

 by the clergy with gteat indecencies, under the iiame<;/^fm 

 Lnlcmlnium, or hypodiainnoium, uxjiullorum, that i5, the fe.ill 

 of fooli : fomctimes alio librrtni tUcmbrica. 'I'hc people 

 met malkcd in tlie church, and in a ludicrous way proceeded 

 to the election of a mock pope, or bifliop, who exercifed a 

 jurifdiAion over them fuitjble to the felbvity of the occa- 

 lion : fathers, councils, and popes long laboured to reftrain 

 this licence, to little purpofe. We find the fcall of liie 

 calends in ufc as low as the clofc of the fifteenth century. 

 l)u Cange. 



CALENDER, a machine ufed, in the manufaflories, for 

 prefling certain llutfs, lilks, callicoes, and even linens ; to make 

 them fmooth, even, and glolTy. It is alfo u led for watering, 

 or giving the waves to tabbies and mohairs. 



The word is formed from the French culantfrr, or Spanilh 

 ealmidra, which fignify the fame; and whxli fome derive 

 further from the Latin cy/indrui ; becaufe the whole efftft 

 of the machine depends upon a cylinder. Borel derives the 

 name from that of a little bird, of the fwallow kind ; on ac- 

 coimt of the agreement between the feather* of the bird, and 

 the impreflion of the machine. 



The calender confifts of two large wooden rollers, round 

 which the pieces of (lufF are wound : thefe are put between 

 two large, dole, polilhed planks of wood, or plates of iron, 

 the lower ferviiig as a fixed bafe, and the upper moveable, 

 by means of a wheel like that of a crane ; with a rope, 

 fallencd to a fpindle, which makes its axis: this upper 

 part IS of a prodigious weight, fomttimes twenty or thirty 

 thouland pounds. It is the weight of this part, together 

 with its alternate motion, that gives the polilh, and maket 

 the waves on the llufl's, by cauling the cylinders on which 

 they arc put to roll with great force over the lowed board. 

 The rollers are taken off, and put on again, by inclining the 

 machine. 



At Paris they have an extraordinary machine of thil 

 kind, called the royal calender, made by order of M. Colbert ; 

 the lower t.iblc or plank of which is made of a block of 

 fmooth marble, and the. upper lined at bottom with a plate 

 of pohihcd copper. 



Tliib is called the great calender ; they have alfo a fmall 

 one with two tables of polilhed iron or (leel. 



There are alio calenders without wheels, which are 

 wrought by a horfe harncffcd to a wooden bar, which 

 turns a large arbor placed upright ; at the top of which, on 

 a kind of drum, is wound a rope, the two ends of which 

 being failcned tu the two cxtreniitiea of the upper plank of 

 the rnglne, give it motion. But the lioi fc calender is in lefs 

 edecm than the wheel kind, as the motion of this latter is 

 more equable and certain. 



VVt read of calendering wordeds. 'i'o improve linen far- 

 ther, the ilroptrs get fevcral forts of their cloths calen- 

 dered ; whereby their threads are made to lie flatter and 

 fmoother. 



Calender alfo denotes the workman who manages the 

 machine above delcribed ; applying the cloth or duff under- 

 neath, after having fird wound it on the rollers. 



Calenders is alfo the name of a fort of dervifes fpread 

 through Turkey and Perlia, whofe order is not in general 

 edeem among the Mahometans, as being reputed lefs ab- 

 demious and drift in morals than fome other orders. They 

 derive their name from Caknderi, their fouoder, who went 



bareheaded) 



