C A L 



C A L 



herbaceous, ftriated, much braiiclicd. Leaves ovate-obloii;;, and not tumid at the edge ; of the ray three- corncfed ; t!i* 



toothed ill a finuate manner, fomewhat cihate, thick, bright iidcs rather convex and Imooth ; tlie angles compttfTed aid 



green. Flowers yellow, terminating: florets of the ray toothed in a ferrated manner. Gaert. i). C. ampUxicauis, 



about fixteen, equal in number to the divilions of the calyx : Willd. Thunb. prod. 164. "' Leaves embracing the ftmi, 



of the 47^ few, barren. A native of Barbary, cultivated by obloiig-halbert-fliaptd, toothed ; flem her' 



Cavanilles in the o;arden of the Duke del Infantado, near 

 M idiid, from ieeds fent by Lemonier. It flowers and per- 

 fcdl.-i its feeils there from June to Aiiguft. /j. C. fimlla, 

 Linn. Sp. PI. " Seeds pitchcr-fliapcd, inverfcly egg-fhaped, 

 even ; calyxes a little muricatcd." Annual. Whole plant 

 fmooth. Leaves rugged at the edge. Similar to the arven- 

 fj?, but the calyx is mnricated on the outfide, the feeds 

 belly out more, and are not at all mnricated ; nor are the 

 feeds of the ray prickly. Linn. A native of Palelline. 4. 

 C. ojJiclnaUs-, Linn. Sp. Plant. (Caltha vulgaris ; Bauh. Pin. 

 375. " All the feeds boat-diaped, incurved, muricated." 

 Annual. Stem loftier, and more divaricated than that of 

 C. arvenfis, angular, downy. Leaves fefllle ; lower ones fpa- 

 tula-fliaped ; upper ones lanceolate. La Marck. Seeds of the 

 dyi boat-fliaped ; divided on their concave fide by a longi- 

 tudinal partition, and marked on the middle of their convex 

 fide with an elevated muricated furrow : thofe of the 

 ray ronndifh, bent in a femicircnlar m.anner, muricated on 

 the outfide, fmooth within, and often furniflied near the 

 bafe with an erecl, lamellated procefs. Gasrt. tab. 168. fig. 

 4. A native of cultivated ground in the fouth of Europe. 

 Flowering moft part of the fummer. It was cultivated by 

 Gerard in 1597, and is ftill one of the moft common annuals 

 in our gardens, where numerous varieties have been produc- 

 ed in the colour and luxuriance of its flowers. The florets 

 of the ray are in many parts of England boiled in broth ; 

 and numerous medical virtues were formerly attributed to it, 

 which have now loll their credit. 5. Cfujfrulicofa, Willd. 

 Vahl. Symb. 2. p. 94. " Seeds boat-ihaped, incurvated, 

 muricated ; outer ones lanceolate-awl-lhaped, muricated, 

 eredl : leaves lanceolate, toothed in rather a finuate manner, 

 rough. Stem fomewhat ilirubby." Perennial. Branekes a{- 

 cending, terminated by a fingle flower on a long peduncle. 

 Flowers and Seeds like thofe of C. arvenfis. A native of 

 the coaft of Barbary. 6. C. incana, Willd. (C. tomentofa, 

 Desf. atl. 2. p. 335. tab. 245. Caltha maritima lufitanica la- 

 nuginofa. Tourn. Inlt. 499. Vail. aft. 1730. p. 289.) 

 " Seeds boat-fliaped, even ; outer ones awl-(haped, ereft, 



baceous, ereii."' 

 10. C. p'lnuiila, Willd. Thunb. prod. iO<\. " Laves 

 winged." I i . C. J'calra, Willd. Thunb. " Leaves ellip. 

 tic-lanceolate, toothed, rugged; ftem heibaceous, ertft." 

 12. C. parvijlora, Willd. 'I'hunb. " I^eaves fcflile, lance- 

 olate, toothed ; ileni heibaceous, rough with haiis." 13. 

 C. deeurreiu, WilM. Thunb. " Leaves lanceolate, decur- 

 reiit, very entire, fmooth; Hem herbaceous." 14. C. midi- 

 caulis, Linn. Sp. PI. ( Bellis, Comir. hort. 2. 66. ta . Jj. 

 Caltha afr. feniine piano coidato, Boeih. Lngd. i. 113.) 

 " I.ieaves lanceolate, toothed in a finuate manner ; ftem 

 nearly naked." Annual. Slem perfectly fimple, trcft, leafy 

 near the bottom. Leaves fpatnla-fliaped, entire, or rarely 

 furniflied with a tooth, rugged. Seeds orbici.latc, Linn. 

 15. C. tomentofa, Linn. Sup. Thunb. " Leaves inverfely 

 egg-fliaped, downy ; fcape with a fingle flov>'er." Tlie laft 

 nine are all natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 16. C. 

 pumila, W^illd. Thunb. " Leaves orbiculate, to tlied ; pe- 

 tioles ciliated; feape with one flower." Willd. Perennial. 

 Leaves half an inch long. Petioles twice as long as the leaf. 

 /■Vower refembling that of tlie common daify, but four timet 

 fmaller. Seeds oblong, incurved. A native of New Zea- 

 land. ] 7. C. magellanica, Willd. (C. pumila /?. Forft, Com- 

 ment. Goett. 9. p. 40. After nudicaulis. Lam. encyc. 

 1.305. Illuft. tab. 6S1. fig. 4.) " Leaves wedge-fliaped, 

 toothed near the end ; fcape with one flower." Perennial, 

 Root thread-fiiapcd, creeping. Leaves narrowed at the 

 bafe into a petiole, not ciliated. Scape furniflied with one 

 or two thread ftiaped brafti..s. A native of the 11 raits of 

 Magellan. j8. C. gramiw/olia, Linn. Sp. PI. (C. africana 

 furrefta. Pink. mant. 35. tab. 370. fig. 7. Caltha nfricana 

 foliis croci, Boerh. I..ugd. 1. p. 113. Dimorphothcca, Vail, 

 aft. 1720. p. 280. Bellis africana foliis angnliis, Comm. 

 hort. 2. p. 67. tab. 34.) " Leaves linear, nearly entire ; 

 ftem almoft naked." Perennial. 5/«n dividing near the root 

 into feveral tufted heads with long grafl"y IcaVts coming out 

 on every fide without order. Peduncles one-flowered, axil- 

 lary, about nine inches long. Florets of the di/h purple ; of 

 the ray purple without, pure white within. It is in the 



a little muricated ; leaves oblong-fpatula-fliaped, downy on greatell beauty in April and May, but continues to flower 



both fides." Willd. Annual. Whole plant white with 

 down. Flowers yellow. A native of Morocco and Portu- 

 gal on the fca coaft. 7. C. pluvlalis, Linn. Sp. PI. (Caltha 

 africana, Morif. tab. .5. fig. 8. Tourn. Inft. 499.) " Leaves 

 lanceolate, toothed in a iiuuated manner ; ftem leafy ; pe- 

 duncles thread -fliaped." Annual. Stenis declining, from fix 

 to eight inches long ; upper part very flender. Flowers 

 fingle, terminating ; diflc purple ; ray of a violet colour on the 

 outfide, and a pure white within, opening when the fun ftiines, 

 and ftiutting in cloudy weather and in the evening. Seeds 

 of the dijh roundifli, heart-fliaped, comprefied, furrounded 

 with a fwclhng rim of a pale ftraw colour : of the ray ob- 

 long, inverfely pyramidal, three or lour-cornered, muricated 

 with tubercles on the fides and angles. Ga;rt. Tab. 168. 

 fig. 4. A native of the Cape of Good Hope, cultivated 

 by Mr. Miller in 1726. 8. C. hybrida, Linn. Sp. PI. 

 (Caltha africana femine majore, oblongo : Breyn. tab. 14. 

 fig. 2. Cardifpermum af. pubefcens : Aft. Parif. 1724. .■;9. 

 tab. 2.) " Leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed ; ftem leafy ; 

 peduncles thickened at the top." Annual. Leaves much 

 loncer than thofe of C. phivialis and broader at the end. 

 Flowers fmaller, but of the fame colour. Miller. Seeds of 

 the dijk alfo fioiilar, but a little larger, elliptic heart-fliaped, 

 Vol. V. 



late in the autumn. A native of the Cape, vvlience it was 

 brought to Holland in i6yS. It has been long in the Eng- 

 lifli gardens, but is not fo common as it deferves. Miller. 

 19. C. Tragus, Willdcn. Ait. hort. Kew. 5.371. Jacq. 

 hort. Schsenb. 2. p. 14. tab. 15;. "Leaves linear, fome- 

 what toothed, muricated with fmall points beneath ; feeds 

 nearly orbiculate ; ftem fomewhat Ihrubby." Perennial. 

 Leaves alternate. Ray of the corolla large, purple without, 

 white within. 20. C. oppoftifol'ia, Willd. Ait. hort. Kew. 

 " Leaves oppofite, linear, entire, fomewhat fitfliy, fmooth." 

 Perennial. 21. C. glahrntu, Willd. Thunb. " Leaves clhp- 

 tic, entire, fmooth ; Item flirnbby, ereft." Perennial. 22. 

 Q. friitie'ifa, Linn. Sp. PI. " I..eaves inverfely egg-fliaped, 

 fomewhat toothed ; ftem flirubby, decumbent." Perennial. 

 Stem feven or eight feel high, flender, and requiring fup 

 port ; branches numerous, hartging downwards. Leaves on 

 (hort petioles of a fliining green colour on their upper fnrface. 

 Flowers terminating the branches on fliort naked ptdnncles. 

 Seeds heart-fliaped, flat. Sent to Mr. Miller by Dr. \'aii 

 Royen about J "'9. 2.3. C. arborefcens, Willd. Jacq. ic. 

 rar. 3. tab. 59O. (C. rigida, Ait. Maityn. C. afpcra, 

 Thunb.) " Leaves oblong, toothed, rugged ; feeds nearly 

 orbiculate; ftem flirnbby, panicled." Perennial. Flowerj. 

 ? 1". vellow, 



