C A 1. 



vellow. cr«a ; in fruit nodding. Rlins of tlie feeds femior- 

 biculate " ^4. C. muricaia, Willd. Thunb. « Leaves ob- 

 long, ntp-id with papillary tubercles ; the lower ones 

 toothed, upiKr ones entire ; Hem Ihrubby." Perennial. 2> 

 C <-««.'rtM, Willd. Tl.unb. " Leaves wedgc-(haped, fleniy, 

 toothed." Perennial. The laft eight arc all natives of the 



Cane of Good Hope. „ , , r , r r 



I'rota'-alkii unci Culture— \ he feeds of the arvenfis, fanc- 

 ta ohicinalis, pluviahs, hvbrida, and nudicaulis, fliould be 

 fown in the fining, and wil', afterwards fow tliemfelves 

 without fartlur" trouble. The lall three iliould not be trani- 

 plan'ed. The graminifolia does not often produce good 

 feeds in Europe, but is eafily propagated by Hips taken off 

 from t!<.e head, in the fame manner as is prafliltd for thrift. 

 Thev may be planted any time in fummcr, in pots hllcd 

 with'lit^ht frcfli tailh, and plunged in a moderate hot-bed, 

 or placed in the common earth under a melon frame, and 

 occafionally, but not plentifully watered. When they 

 have taken' root, they flioiild be trar.fplanted and kept during 

 the fummcr' in the open air, and in a flwdy fitualion. In 

 winter they require protettlon from froll and heat, but do not 

 thrive in artificial heat. Tiie fruticofa is alfo eafdy propa- 

 gated by cuttings in light poor earth, and mu!l be treated 

 m the fame manner as the graminifolia. Miller. 



Calk\i>it'-a, in Ornithology, a foecies of Motacilla 

 that inhabits North America, the Jiuliy croivned ivren of 

 Latham, roitelet nibis of BufFon, and calendula pcnfilvanica 

 of Bviffon. The colour is greeni(h-a(li ; crown with a ruby, 

 (fon.climes deep yellow) line ; abdomen and wings beneath 

 ycllowifli. GmcL &c. 



This is a fniall bird. The female has no ruby line on the 

 crown, but has a fearltt lunule moft. commonly on the nape, 

 which is not obfcrvable in the mele. 



Calendula, in Zoology, according to Gmelin, a fort of 

 Hydra, called by Hughes in his '• Natural Hiftoiy of Bar- 

 badoes," the animal flower. Authors are divided in opinion 

 as to the- genus to which this animal-flowtr ought to be re- 

 ferred. Gmelin exprcffes a doubt of its being truly of the 

 hvdra kind, although he places it in that genus. Ellis con- 

 fiders it as an actinia ; and later writers entertaining the fame 

 idea, it Hands at prefcnt as ai'.ima cnhiidula. Notwithftand- 

 ing this, we have, however, no hefitation in believing it to 

 be neither of the genus hydra, nor aShila, but a fpecics of 

 tulular'ia. This we mud prefume from its ar.alogy to the 

 tubularia magnifica, and Inrr.e other accurately detined fpe- 

 cies of that genus. The original firnre of this animal is 

 that which appears in the " Natural Hiilory of Barbadoes" 

 by Hughes. Ellis and Sulander have a figure of it in their 

 ■work on zoophytes, but which is copied from the above 

 mentioned publication, as is alfo the deicription that accom- 

 panies it. We mull' therefore have rccourfe to the account 

 given of it by Hughes, ar. being the bell to be obtained at 

 prefent of this curious animal. This writer defcribcs it as 

 having the appearance of tine radiated flowers, of a pale 

 ycllov.-, or bright ftraw colour, ilightly tinged with green ; 

 each furroundcd by a circular border of thick-fet petals 

 about the fizc of, and much refembling, thofe of a finglc 

 garden marigold; except that the whole of this feeming 

 flower is narrower at the difcus, or fetting on of the K-aves 

 (petals) than any flower of that kind. Mr. tlughcs obftrves, 

 that thefe animals, on being dillurbed, fink into holts ; he 

 alfo remarked four dark coloured threads, fomewhat like 

 the legs of a l"p-d, r, rife out from the centre of what he 

 calls the fliwtr, with a quick fpontaneous motion from one 

 fide to the other of the circular border of leaves (petals) ; 

 and thefe in reality, he fays, were fo many arms or feelers, 

 clofing together in imitation of a forceps, as if they had 



C A L 



hemmed in llveir prey, which the yellow border foon fur-- 

 rounded, and clofed to feciire. He attempted to pluck 

 one of thefe from the rock to which tliey were afiixed, but 

 never conld effett his dcCgn, for as loon as his fingers canie 

 within two or three inches of it, the animal would immedi- 

 ately contraft its border of tentacula, and fhnnk back into 

 the hole of the rock ; but if left undiHiirbed for about four 

 minutes, it would come gradually into fight, expanding, 

 though at firft very cautionfly, its petals or tentacula, till it 

 would at length appear again as before, like a flower in full 

 bloffom. As often as his hand came within a certain diftance 

 of it, the animal would again recoil from his approach ia 

 the fame manner. He alfo tried the fame experiment by 

 attempting to touch it with his cane, and a fmall fiender 

 rod, but the effedt produced was the fame. 



Ellis calls this the fea marigold, from its nearrefemblnncc, 

 when the tentacula are expanded, to the flower of die com- 

 mon marigold. It may be fpecilically defined in the words 

 of Gmelin : ftcm f.Tmewhat turbinated : dilk furroundcd 

 by petal-flinped tentacula, or rays. 



CAI^ENS, in Entomology, a Siberian fpecies of Chrv- 

 srs of a large fize, dclcribed by labricius. The prevailing 

 colour is gloffy blue ; abdomen golden ; tail flue and armed 

 with four teeth. ObJ'. The legs and tip of the autennie are 

 fufcous. 



Calebs, a fpecies of Cimlx found in India. Thelicad, 

 thorax, and v\'ing-cafes are black, with a fulvous fcute!. 

 Gronovius, &c. 



CALENTES, in Logic, a fort of fyllogifmin the fourth, 

 commonly called Galenical, figure, wherein the major pro- 

 pofition is iiniverfal and affirmative ; and the fecond or mi- 

 nor, as well as the conclulion, univerfal and negative. This 

 is intimated by the letters it is compoftd of, where the A 

 fignilics an univerfal aflirmative, and the two E's as many 

 univerfal negatives. E. gr. 



CA Efcry aJllSion in this tt'orhl is only for a time, 

 LEN No iiff.iction, which is only for a time, ought to dif- 



t:irb us, 

 TES No ajpiclion ought to dijlurb us, ivhich happens ia 



this -jiorld. 



The Ariftotelians not allowing the fonrth figure of fyllo- 

 gifms, turned this word into celantes, and make it only 

 an indirect mood of the firll figure. 



CALENTIUS, Elisius, in Biography, an ingenious 

 writer both m profe and verfe, was born in Apulia, and be- 

 came preceptor to prince Frederick, the fon of Ferdii.-and 

 I. king of Naples, whom he endeavoured to infpire with 

 fcntiments of jullice and humanity, congenial to his own. 

 He was an enemy to capital puniAiments, and propofed va- 

 rious fubllitutcs for them in elifl'erent cafes. He was much 

 addifted to agriculture, and praftifed it with flcill. Al- 

 though his circumfl;ances were narrow, he lived on terms of 

 inti.-nate fricndlhip with the moll eminent fcholars of his 

 time, and was a member of the Neapolitan academy. He 

 was the author of feveral works, both in profe and verfe, 

 which were printed in 1503, about the time of his death; 

 the principal of thefe was his poem on the " Battle of the 

 Fr<:>gs and Mice," imitated from Homer. He declined 

 writuig the hiilory of the war carried on by Charles the 

 Bold atjainfl the Swifs, alleging, that it was not fafe to 

 fptak ill of princes, and that an honeft man ought not to 

 pu'blilli falfehoods. 



CALiiNTUM, in Ancient Geography, a town of Spain, 

 on the other fide of the Ebrus. Pliny fays, that bricks 

 were made in this place of an earth refcmbling piimice-ltone, 

 which would not fink in water. 



8 CALEN- 



