C A L 



mbcr i:r.5 in the 



and height wnphs jC+.^lb. and the number '-'-.^ "> /!< 

 cone cxprelTe. the wci^lu of a cone, th. a.ameter of who 

 bafe i. 12 inches, and of the fame l.e.-rht : the hxth hgme 

 (hews that an iron cube, whofe f.Jc .s 12 inches, weighs 

 46+ lb. and that a fquare pyramid of iron, whofe bale is a 

 fquarc foot and hfight 12 inches, we.^hs lS^j\h. i he 

 .UMubers which have been hitherto fixed to the four laft 

 li rures were not llriaiv true ; and therefore they liave been 

 co\reaed in the ti,-.,re here referred to ; and by thefe he 

 fiRures on any inlliument of this kind Ihould be conedcd 



' On t'he leg R of the caUipers, is a table {hewing the 

 weights of a cubic inch or foot of various bodies in i^ounds 

 avoirdupoilt. , „ , ,i- 



On the face D of the circular head of the callipers is a 

 table contained between five concentric fegments ot nngs : 

 the inner one marked Gum fliews the nature of the gun, 

 or the weight of ball it carrie<! ; the two next rings con- 

 tain the quantity of powder ufed for proof and fervice to 

 brafs guns, and'the two outermoa rings (lievv the quantity 

 for proof and fervice in iron cannon. 



On the face A is a table exhibiting the method of com- 

 puting the rmmkr ofjiol orfxlls in a triangular, fquare, or 

 rtdangular pile. Near this is placed a table containing the 

 principal rules relative to the fall of bodies, exprefled in an 

 algebraic manner : nearer the centre we have another table 

 oi rules for raifing water, calculated on the luppofitiou, 

 that one horfe is equal in this kind of labour to hve men, 

 and that one man will raife a hoglhead of water to eight 

 feet of height in one minute, and work at that rate for fome 

 hours. N. B. Hoglhcads are reckoned at fixty gallons. 



Some of the leading principles in gunnery, relating to 

 Jhootin:; in cannon and mortars, are exprelfed on the face B 

 of the'cnllipers. Befides the articles already enumerated, the 

 fcales ufually marked on the sector are laid down on this 

 inftrumcnt : thu3, the line of inches is placed on the edge 

 of the callipers, or on the ftraight borders of the faces C, 

 D: the logarithmic fcales of numbers, fines, verfed fines, 

 and tangents, are placed along thife faces near the ihaight 

 edges : the line of lines is placed on the fame faces in an 

 angular pofition, and marked L':n. The lines of plans or 

 luperlicies are alfo exhibited on the faces C and D, tending 

 towards the centre, and marked Plan. Finally, the lines of 

 f.dids are laid on the fHme faces tending towards the centre, 

 and diHingi'Uhed hy Sol. See farther on the conftruftion 

 and ufe of th-s inftrument, Robertfon's Treatilc of Mathe- 

 matical Iiiftrumtnts, &c. .-\ppvndix. 



CALICA, in Myl/)o/oxy, an Indian goddeff, which fecms 

 to have poffefTcd the attributes of'the Grecian Hecate. Mr. 

 iJlaquiere, with a view of afcertaining the faft, that human 

 facrificfs were offered to this horrible deUy, examined the 

 I'urana which bears her name. Birds, tortoifes, alligators, 

 tiili, nine fpecics of wild animals, buffaloes, bulls, he-goats, 

 ichneumons, wild boars, rhinocerofe.';, antelopes, guanas, 

 rein-deers, lions, tygers, tv:i>, and blood drawn from the 

 offerer's own body, arc looked upon as proper oblations to 

 the goddcfs Chandica, Cfcc. Tiie following injunftion after- 

 wards occurs: when the facrifice of lions, of tygers, or of 

 the human fpecies is rcqueded, let the three firft clafTes aCt 

 thus : having formed the image of the lion, tyger, or hu- 

 man (hapc, with butter, pallry, or barley meal, let them 

 facrifice the fame as if a livi:ig vidirn, the axe being firft 

 invoked by the text " Nomo ;" tliat text is as follows : 

 "Call! Call! O horrid-toothed goddcfs : eat, cut, dellioy 

 all the malignant : cut with this axe ; bind, bind, fcize, 

 feize ; drink blood, tear, tear: fecure, lecure ; falutations 

 to Cah !" Among other exceptions, with regard to human 



3 



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victims, thnfe that are unwilling are exprefsly prohibited; 

 Afiatic Refearches, vol. v. p. 371, &c. 



CALI-CALic, in OrnUhology, the Madagafcar Shrike, 

 Litmus Madagajcartcnfis, Hands under this name in Buffon's 

 Natural Hiftory of Birds. 



CALICO, in Gc-o^'raphy, a river of European Turkey, 

 which runs into the gulf of Salomki ; 14 miles S.W. of 

 Saloiiiki. 



CALICOULAN, Coylan, or Q_uilon, a Dutch fac- 

 tory on the weftern coall of Malabar, ab ut 14 geographical 

 miles to the N.N.W. or N.W. of Anjcngo, or Anjenga, 

 placed by major Reunell in N. lat. 8° 39'. E. long.yd" 40'. 



CALICULA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Spain, 

 placed by Ptolemy in the Tarragoneiifis, and affigned to the 

 Turduli.— Alfo, another town of Spain, which Ptolemy- 

 places in the territory of the Turdetani. 



CALICUT, in Geography, a country of Afia, and a very 

 exttnfive Ihite on the coalt of Malabar. Its chief affumed 

 the title of king of kings. The lafl of thefe princes, called 

 Sarana Parimal, having embraced Mahomctariifm, retired to 

 end his days at Mecca, aiid dividing his dominions between 

 the princes of his own blood, rcfeived, as it is faid, a fpace 

 of 12 leagues for one of theie princes, or a favourite page, 

 who was to have the title of Samorin, and to whom the 

 others were to render homage. The Samorin built a city on the 

 fpot whence Parimal took his departure, and called it " Ca- 

 licut." He who afterwards governed Calicut, inhabited a 

 palace of Hone, and annexed fome appearance of grandeur to 

 his court. In former times, the inhabitants of this diftriiSt 

 had feveral ftrange cuftoms, fome of which are flill retained. 

 Accordingly it is faid, that the Samorin's wife nuift be firft 

 enjoyed, for three nights if he pleafes, by the high prieit. 

 The nobles permit the other priells to take the fame li- 

 berty ; but the lower people are debarred from this honour. 

 A woman may marry a number of hufbands ; each of whom 

 has her by turns for ten days or more, as they agree 

 among themfclvcs ; and during that time he provides for hsr 

 all neceffaries. When file proves pregnant, (lie names the 

 father of the child, who, after it is wcaned, takes care of 



its education. The " Nai 



of Calicut form a band of 



nobles, whofe only profeiTicn is that of arms. Thefe men, 

 though of an olive colour, are comely and handfome ; they 

 are tall and hardy, very valiant, and dextrous in the ufe of 

 their weapons. They lengthen their cars to fuch an extent, 

 that they hang down on their fiioulders, and (omttimes 

 lower. Thefe N:^.ires are allowed only one wife, but the 

 women of rank may have as many hufba:;d3 as they chufe, 

 whom they regard as (laves lubjeittd to their beauty. Wo- 

 men of interior condition fupply the defeft of the privilege 

 appropriated to ladies of rank, by indifcrirainate commerce 

 with llrangers, fiom which their hu(bands cannot rellridl 

 them. The mothers prollitute their daughters even before 

 they arrive at a proper age. The " Naircs," or nobles of 

 Calicut feem to be of a different race from the burgcfTcs; 

 for the latter, both males and feraalts, are of a fmaller fta- 

 ture, and are worfe fliaped, and more uj^ly. Among the 

 " Naires" there are fome men, as well as women, whofe legs 

 are as thick as tlie body of an ordiuai-y man. This defor- 

 mity is not the elFecl of difeafc, but commences from their 

 birth. The (kin of thefe legs is hard and rough like a wart ; 

 and, neverthelefs, the perfons aflfeded with it are nimble 

 and adive. This race of men with thick legs, has not 

 multiplied greatly ; either among the " Naires," or the 

 other Indians. However, they appear in other places, and 

 efpecially in Ceylon, where they are faid to be of the race of 

 St. Thomas. Du Buffon's Nat. Hill. vol. lii. p. 99, Eng. 

 Ed. The people of this country have no pens, ink, or 



paper ; 



