C A I. 



C A L 



«^i;iis, feed.) Biifc. Nouv. did. Luiiiviio, Coc!)iii. Clsfs 

 and order, ptt^nilii:! rw-w^ynta. 



G-ii. C!i. C(ily:< with tivo equal divilions, permanent. 

 C'.n!. Petals fivf , 'ovate, coiicavc. Slnriais live. P'l/}. gfrm 

 lupcrior ; ityle one, ftijj'nn thick. Peiic. Btny nearly 

 round, one-celled, maiiy-feedcJ. 



ElT. Ch. CoroiU tivc-pctalleJ. Ecrry or.cci.llcd, many- 

 R-ed:d. 



Sp'cics. Califpcrmum fcnmleiis. A climbing fhnib. 

 Leaves alternate, ovate, lanceolate, fcolloptd, fmooth. 

 I'lo-iarrt white, ill nearly terminal racemes. A native of 

 Coehincliina. Wc fiifpccl, but not having Dr. Siniih's 

 work at hand, have not the means of afctrtaiiiin^j, that Lou- 

 rciro's plant is the billardiera fcandens of our excellent coun- 

 tryman (inured by him in h\s plants of New Holland, and 

 ad'jptcd by Willdeiiow. As that article has not been in- 

 fcrtcd in our work in its proper place, we fliall fupply the 

 emillidn by giving it here. 



Billardiera fcandens, Willdvii. 440. Smith New Hoi. i. 

 p. I. Tab. 1. Pih^ls five, alttrnatiiiir with the leaflets of 

 the calyx. NeHary none. Sihma fimple. Berry fuperior, 

 many fceded. Peil^nrks foiitary, one-flo«cred. Lenses 

 f imewhat hairy. If the plants nioiild turn ont to be d ff^r- 

 «nt, they oupht certainly to be referred to the faxe genus, 

 and then the trivial name which we have ventured to give to 

 Lourciro's plant mult be altered. 



CALISSjE, in j^ncieni Geography, a people of India on 

 the other fi !c of tlie Ganges. Pliny. 



C-'^LISTA, in Fnbiilous U'ljloiy, the daughter of Ly- 

 caon, king of Arcadia, and one of the nymphs of Diana. 

 U-ing beloved by Jiiuitcr, he alTumcd the form of the god- 

 dcfs of thaility, and thus debauched her : but whilft (he 

 was bathing with her patronefs, her dii'grace was revcal-jd, 

 and the incenfed deity converted her and the fon with whom 

 fl>e was pregnant into bear:- ; upon which Jupiter, as t.'ie 

 fable reports, compaffijnating her fuflering?, took them up 

 hi'othe heavens, and made them the con llellations Urfa Ma- 

 jor, and Urfa Minor. 



CALISTE, in Conchohny, a fpecies of Vemus, the flicU 

 of which is befet with acute tranfv.-rfe llrise, becominn- mem- 

 branaceous in front ; anterior Hope fliort, and the pollerior 

 aperture inconfpicuous. Gmel. Schroet. &c. Inhabits the 

 Red S.a. 



CALITjE, in ylncieiil Geography, a people of Africa in 

 interior Libya. Pliny. 



CALTTOOR, in Geography. See Caltura. 



CALIUR, in Ancient Geography, a town of India, 

 placed by Ptolemy on this fide of the Ganges. 



C.ALIX. See Calyx and Chalice. 



CALIXTINS, in Ecclefuijlkal IT: (lory, a name given to 

 thole among the Lutherans, who follow the fentiments of 

 George Calixlus, a celebrated Lutheran divine, who was 

 born near Slcfwick in Holilein, in Ij86; and having ft,,- 

 died at mod of the protellant fchools in Germany, was made 

 profenorof theologv at Helmlladt in 1614, where he died 

 in 1656 He was diftinguhhed by his zeal for forming an 

 union between the Romilh, Lutheran, and Reformed 

 cliurches ; or, at leaft, for joining them in the bonds of mu- 

 tual forbearance and charity. Cali.Ktus was the firll pcrfon 

 that reduced tl,eo!(,gy into a reenlar fvftem, and gave it a 

 tnily fcient.t.c and philofophical form. ' As he had imbibed 

 thefpintof the Anllotelian fchool, he arranged the fub- 

 ftancc of Chr|ft,anity according to the method of the Stairi. 

 ntc ; and divided the whole fcience of divinity into three 



alio the hrft who feparated the objcds of faith from the du- 

 *.e8 of asorahty, and exhibited the UtVr under the form of 



an independent fcience. Thefe innovations rendered him 

 the objeft of much cenfure and oppofition. In his attempt 

 to reunite the ftveral bodies of Chrifti:!"s, and to compre- 

 licnd the different churches in one profcdion of rdio-ion, he 

 was a principal promoter of that tyftem, which was called 

 fyncretifm. See Svncretists. The controverfy which 

 was thus occafioned, fublifted hng after his death ; and 

 though he feemcd, in his efforts for comprchenfion, to give 

 advantage to the Romiili church, no one attacked its ty- 

 ranny and corruption with grea'er vigour. He was the au- 

 thor of many works, which it is now needkfs to enumerate". 

 Moflieim, Eccl. Hill. vol. v. 



The Callxtins are ellecmed a kind of SEt.ii-PELAGiANS. 



Calixtins alfo denote a fe£l in Bohemia, derived from 

 the Huflites, in the fifteenth centu-y, A.D. 14.20, who 

 afferted the ufe of the cup as effential to the eucharift. 

 And hence their name ; which is formed from the Latin caKx, 

 a cup. 



The Cali.^ttins are not ranked by Romanifls in th? li!l of 

 heretics, fince in the main they flill adhered to the doclriuc 

 of Rome. The reformation they aimed at .terminated in the 

 four !oi!owing articles. 



J. That the word of God lliould be explained to the peo- 

 ple in a plain and perfpicuous manner, without the mixture 

 of fuperftitious comments or inventions. 3. That the facra- 

 ment of the Lord's fupper iliouid be adminiftertd in both 

 kinds. 3. That the clergy, inilead of employing all their 

 attention and zeal in the acquilition of riches and power, 

 fhould turn their thoughts to objefts more fuitable to their 

 profcffiou, and be ambitious of hving and aSing as became 

 the fuccelTors of the holy apoftles. 4. That traafgrdTions 

 or a more heinous kind, or "mortal fins," fh.ould be pu- 

 nilhed in a manner fuitable to their enormity. In the two 

 great failions of Calixtins and Taborites, into which the 

 multitude was divided, there were fome fubordinate feds, 

 who differed in feveral other points. Modieim, Eccl. Hill. 

 vol. iii. See TAno?.iTEs. 



CALIXTUS, George. See Calixtins. 



CALI YUG, in the Ajlromnif of the Hindoos, a period 

 of time, the commencement of which forms an epoch, in 

 which the planets were fuppofed to have been ia a line of 

 mean conjundion, in the beginning of Aries. The Caly 

 yug IS fuppofed to have begun 3102 years before the com- 

 mencenaent of the Chriltian xra, or 3,01 years before the 

 year of Chril's birth ; or at the inilant of midnight, bc- 

 t^veen Thurfdaythe 17th, and Friday the iSth of Febru- 

 ary, U.S. m the year of th-; Julian period 1612, when the 

 planets w-ere fuppofed to have had this afpeft on the meri- 

 dian of Lanka, about 75° 50' E. of Greenwich : and the 

 epoch founded on us coTnmencemeut appears to have been 

 hxed on by Varaha, the reputed author of the Sury£ Sid- 

 dhSnta, and fome other Jrlindu adronomers fince his time • 

 tor tnough the planets were not then aftualiy in a line of 

 mean conju.ft.on, yet, the differences between their re- 

 ipedtive poutioiis, and that which was aliumed, when di- 

 vided among the years expired from that epoch to the time 



derable difference between the mean annual motions, and 

 hofc vvhich It woula be necelTary to affume, fo as to <r„e 

 the pofitions of the planets at that time, or even to ca ife 

 any fenfible error ,n their computed places deduced f;"^; 

 thence for many years.. For a farther account of this -Jx^ 



k th^ ^7 i.^yo" the Antiquity of the Surya Siddh.-nfta 



CALKA, in Giigraphy. See Kalka. 



