C A K 



CALKING, ov CAVLKisa, in Sia-Lan^uage, Sec. Sec 

 Cal'king. 



Calking, 'n\ Pumting. See Calquinc. 



CALKINS, orCALKERS, apart prominent from a hurfc- 

 (hoe, intended to feciire the btnll from fluiing. 



The calkins are the end or extremity oi'horfe-flioes, turned 

 or bent downwards, and forced to a fort of poii.t, to make 

 the 'leali ftep niorefafc and ftcady on the ice. 



The inco;!vei:ienco of calkins is, tlir.t they hinder the hnvfe 

 fro;n treadiuy; evenly on the ground, and thus occafion 

 wrenches or. the loot, or l\rai:!s in the fmews ; tfpecially 

 in ftony ways, where the harthiefs of th.e bottom will not 

 f'jiTer the calkins to penetrate: befidcs, they are apt to make 

 a horfe cut. 



Calkins are either fingle or double, /. e. at one end of the 

 flvje, or at both ; the latter are reputed lefs hurtful, as they 

 allow the creature to tread more even ; fome are inade 

 large and fquare ; the btil are in form of the point of a 

 hare's ear. 



CALL, among Fo-wlers, means the noife or cry of a 

 bird, efpecially to its young, or its mate in coupling lime. 



The (Ti?// of a bird, fays the lion. Dairies Bairington, in 

 Ilia E;cperimcnts, &c. on the Singing of Birds (Phil. Tranf. 

 vol. L'dii. p. 250), is that found which it is able to make 

 when about a month old : it is, he lays, in molt inllances, 

 a repetition of one and the fame note, is retained by the 

 bird as long as it lives, and is common, generally, both to 

 the cock and hen. 



One method of catching partridges, is by the natural call 

 of a hen trained for the purpofe, which drawing the cocks to 

 her, gives opportunsty tor entangling them in a net. 



Calls are alfo a fort of artificial pipes, made to catcli fe- 

 vcra! fcrts of birds, by imitatuig their notes. Liffercnt birds 

 require different forts of artificial calls ; but they are moll of 

 them compofed of a pipe or reed, with a little leathern bag or 

 purfe, fomewiiat in form of a bellows, which, by the mo- 

 tion given thereto, yields a noife like that of the fpecies of 

 bird to be taken. The call for partridges is formed like a 

 boat, bored through, and iitted v.-ith a pipe, or Iwan's quill, 

 ,&c. to be blown with the mouth, to make t!ie noife of the 

 ■ cock partridge, which is very dilferent from the call of the 

 ,hen. Calls for quails, S:c. are made of a leathern purfe in 

 fliape like a pear, thitTed with horfe han-, and fitted at the 

 end with the bone of a cat's, hare's, or coney's legs, formed 

 like a llageolet : they are played by fqueezing the purfe 

 .in the palm of the hand, at the fitme time linking on the 

 fidgcolet part with the thumb to counterfeit the call of the 

 hen quail. 



In fome countries hares are very numerous, and from May 

 until Augull are taken with a call, which entices them 

 within a proper dillance of the fportfman. This call is a 

 fqueaking found, lirll flow and then quicker, and is fup- 

 . pjfed to refemble the call between the male and the female. 

 In the country about Naples, where this praiSice obtains, 

 both hares and partridges are £0 tame, that they will rjn 

 under the carriage-wheels. 



Call, in Bunting, fignilies a lefTon blown upon the horn, 

 to comfort the hounds. 



Call, in Mineralogy, an Enghfh name for the mineral 

 called Tungften, or Wolfram, by the Germans. 



Call, in Sea language, a fort of whilUe ur pipe, of fjver 

 or brafs, ufed by the boatfwain and his mates to fummoii the 

 fdilors to their duty, and direct them in their feveral em- 

 ployments. It is founded to various ilrains adapted to the 

 different exercifcs, as hoifting, heaving, &c. and tli.- piping 

 of it fervts the fame purpofes among failors, as the bcAt of 

 the drum among foldi;rs. 



C A L 



Call of th: houfe, in a parliamentary fenfe, lias been 

 fometimes pracvifcd, todifcover whether there be any in the 

 honfe not returned by the clerk of the crown ; but more 

 frequently to difcover wiial members are abfent without leave 

 of the houfe, or jull caufe. 



In the former cafe, the names of the members beinp 

 called over, every perfnn anfwcrs to his name, and departs 

 out of the houfe, in the order where;.- lie is called. In the 

 lalter, each pafon Hands up uncovered, at the mention «f 

 his name. 



Call cf the plainlif, in I.atu. See Nos-stnT. 



CAiJ...-\, in /ii/anj', (derived, according to fome au- 

 thors, from xa^?.o,-, Icauty i but profcfibr Martyn fays, from 

 xa^^*.,oy, the wattles of a cock ; the name occurs in P.iry.) 

 Linn. gen. 1030. Schreb. 13SS. GK.-rt. 522. Jud". p. 

 24. Vent. vol. ii. p. 85. ( Provenzalia, Petit, geu. 4y Aii- 

 guma. Trew.) Clafs and wiliir, gvnam'rinp-ilyanihin, Linn. 

 mon.rcla moKinidria, Sehieb. n-or.^cja poljamlria. Dr. Smicb, 

 as appears from his remarks on Ariim in his Flora Brltannica, 

 and Engliih Botany. Nat. ord.f>lj,eriu, Lir.n- ^ra./rvf Jufl". 

 and Ventcnat. 



Gen. ch. Cu/. fpathe or.e-leaved, acuminate, fpreading, 

 permanent ; fpadix fimple, ereft, covered witii fruaifica- 

 tions. Coi: none. Stam. cither placed above or intermingled 

 with the piftils ; anthers fefille, limple, truncate. PiJ. germ 

 roundifh obtufe ; llyle fimple, very fliort ; lligma acute; 

 with feveral permanent, comprelfed, trimcate ligaments in- 

 termixed with the germs. Piric. berry tttrago-.ially .globu- 

 lar, one-celled (many celled, G.tit.) ; feeds from fix to 

 twelve, ereft, cylindrical, obtufe at both end?. 



EiJ. Ch. Spathe fpreading, fpndix covered with florets ; 

 corolla none. Berries many-lceded. 



Sp. 1. C. xthiopicii, Linn. Sp, Ga;itner, Tab. 84. fig. 2. 

 La Marck, PI. 739, fig. 2. (.Vruin iEthiopicum ; Comm. 

 hort. I. p. 95. Tab. 50. Arum Africannm ; Tourncf. 

 159. Rai. Sup. 576.) " Leaves arrow-heartniapcd ; fpp.the 

 cowled; ftaraens pl.u-ed above the pillils." Pcrcnrial. Red 

 thick, flefliy, witii a brown Ikin, and (Irong, flediy fibres. 

 Leaves in chillers fiom the root, eight or nine inches long, 

 ofalhining green, ending in a (harp point, which turns 

 backward:* on petioles more than a foot long ; furrowed, and 

 Hieathing at their bafe. Scape longer than the leaves, round, 

 herbaceous, fmooth, green. Spathe white, a little flefliy, 

 twilled at ti:e bottom, but fpread open at the top, fuddenly 

 contradting, and ending in a point. Spadix cvluidrical, ycl- 

 lowilh, about half the length of the fpathe. Stamens above, 

 pifiils below fct I'o rlofely together that they arc not eafily 

 dn'lingiiifiied. 5ffA ronndii'h, dark brown, fmooth, having 

 on the inner fide a protuberant, comprttred eye extending 

 from the umbilical aperture to the top of the feed. Miller, 

 La Marck, and Gsrtner. A native of the Cape of Good 

 H-.pe, fent to Comnielin in 1687, and cultivated by Mr. 

 Miller in 1731. It flowers from January to May. 2. c! 

 palujlris, Linn. Sp. PI. Flor. dan. Tab. 4:2. (Dracuneu- 

 lus palullris. Bauh. pin. 195. D. aquatilis. Dod. pempt. 

 Z?j\. Rai. Hill. 1210. Barrel, ic. 57.^. Anguina aqi.ati- 

 ca, Lob. ic. 600.) " Leaves heart-fliaped ; fpathe flat ; 

 flamens and piftils intermingled with each other." Perennial! 

 Root creeping, from fix to eight inches long, fixing itfelf to 

 tne earth by capillary fibres from its knots, and throwing 

 out leaves and fcapts at din"ercnt dillances. Leaves peti- 

 ol-d, acuminate, green, fmooth, alternately embracing the 

 ft.m. Stipidcs two, bluntifli-egg-tliaped at the bafe of the 

 petioles. Scape round, thick, fiicculent, fmooth, bright 

 green. Spathe roundilh-egg-flinped, rolled up at the end 

 into a bluntiib fpine, yellowifhgreen below, white and 

 fmooth above. Spadix cgg-fhapcd, obtufe. Stamens white. 



Bnriii 



