C A L 



4030, 200 only cfcaped ; and 22 of thefe were prefcrved 

 by means of tl;e above-mentioned fragment of a wail. Since 

 tliat time Callao has been rebuilt upon the fame plan, but 

 a httle farther from the fea. t). lat. 12° i' 5j". W. long. 



Callao, as it is called by its inhabitants, but more ge- 

 nerally known to Europeans under the name of Campello, 

 is an illand which lies oppolite to, and about 8 miles to 

 the eallward of, the inoiith of a conliderable river on the 

 coall of Cochin-china, on the banks of which is fituated 

 the town of Fairfoo, a place of fome note, not far from 

 t!ie harbour of Turon. The bearing of the hi<;hefl peak of 

 Callao from this harbour is about S. E. at the dillance of 

 ^o miles. The extreme points of the iflar.d lie in N. lat. 

 35'^ 53'. and 15° 57'. The greatcd length is from N. W. 

 to S. E. about 5 miles, and the mean breadth 2 miles. The 

 only inhabited part is on the S. W. coaft, on a flip of 

 ground rifing gently to the eall, and contained between the 

 bottom of a femilunar bay, and the mountains on each 

 fide of it. Thefe mountains, at a diftance, appear like two 

 dillinft iflands. The fonthern mountain is the higheft, and 

 is abont i 500 feet. The lower grounds contain about 200 

 acres. This imall but enchanting fpot is beautifully diverfi- 

 fied with neat houfes, temples, clumps of trees, fmall hil- 

 locks fwcUing from the plain, and richly decorated with 

 fhrubbery and trees of various kinds ; among which the 

 elegant areca, rifing like a Corinthian column, is eminently 

 confpicuous. A rill of clear water, oozing from the moun 

 tains, is carried along the upper ridges of the vale, whence 

 it is occi'fionally conveyed through fluices, for the purpofe 

 of watering the rice grounds, and for which it fee '.;s to be 

 amply fuHicient. The houfes, in general, were clean and 

 decent : a few were built with ftone, and covered with tiles. 

 One, probably the manfion of the chief perfon of the idand, 

 was inclofed by a Itone wall, and the accels to it was through 

 a gate- way between two Hone pillars. The houfe was di- 

 vided into a number of apartments, arranged with talle and 

 convenience. This building ftcod at the head of the prin- 

 cipal village, confifting of about jo habitations built of 

 wood, chiefly the bamboo. Behind the village, and on the 

 fide of the hill, was a cave, acccffible only by one path 

 through a range of rocks ; and within the cave, near its 

 mouth, was a fmall temple, commanding a view of the whole 

 vale. Several other temples were difperfed over the plain, 

 all of which were open in front, with a colonnade before 

 them of round wooden pillars, painted red and varnilhed. 

 The number of houfes on the idand fearcely exceeded 60. 

 Behind every houfe, not immediately in the principal village, 

 were inclolures of fiigar-canes, tobacco, and other vege- 

 tables, growing in great luxuriance. The mountains were 

 covered with verdure, and feemed well calculated for rearing 

 goats, of which the idand produced a few. Befide the 

 principal bay, there were feveral fandy inlets, in any of 

 wfhich boats might eafily land ; but a communication be ■ 

 tween them by land is very difficult, if not impraflicable, 

 on account of the fteep and rugged ridges which feparate 

 them from each other. Hence it appears that very flight 

 works, and an cflablifhment of a few men would be 

 fufficient for the defence of the ifland ; a great part of 

 its coaft being impregnably fortified by nature. The 

 depth of water in the bay and road is fuflieicnt for fhips 

 of any burden, and it affords perfeft Ihelter from every 

 wind except the S. W. to which quarter it was dircAly open. 

 The French, it is faid, aware of the infecunty of trad- 

 ing to Tung-quin and Cochin china without fome in- 

 dependent fettlement, had formerly in contemplation to 

 purchafe the fmall iflaud of Callao, lying a few miles to the 

 Vol. V. 



C A L 



fouthward of Turon. But the want of (licltcr in the S. W. 

 fnonfoon would loon induce them, if they were once in pof- 

 fcfiion ol Callao, to fcek for a further fettlement near it, upon 

 the main-find of Cochin-china. I^mbafly to Chins, vol. i 



C.-\LLARIAS, by fome call, d a///,,/ callnnm, in Ich- 

 thyology, a filh of the truttaceous kind, called by Aldrovan- 

 diiA lirirti mnriiiii, and by Rondel.liiis and G-lner^j^'^c/j. It 

 ulually grows to about a foot in length, and is i;i (liape 

 fomcthing flattilh ; it is covered with (mall feales, and is of 

 a grtyifli colour, but fomewhat purple on the head ; its tail 

 is roundilh, not forked; it is a very will tailed fid), and is 

 cr-.mmon in the Mediterranean, and bi ought to market at 

 Rome, Venice, &c. 



CALLAS, in /Indent Geography, a river of Greece, in 

 the id.md of Euboea. 



Callas, in Geography, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Var, and chief place of a canton in the diltridl 

 of Draguignan, if league N. E. of it. The place con- 

 tains 2,108, and the canton 8,186 inhabitants; the terri- 

 tory comprehends 272i kiliometrts, and 7 communes. 



CALLATII, and Callantii, in Ancienl Geography, a 

 people of India, who have the cuftom, according to Ilero- 

 dotus, of eating their parents. 



CALLATIS, Calatis, or Calantra, a town featcd 

 on the wellcrn coaft of the Euxine fea, fouth of the mouth of 

 the Iftcr, and ,500 ftadia diftant from Tomi. Sec Calatis. 



CALLE, John Francis, in Biography, a French ma- 

 thematician, was born on the 25th of October 1744, at 

 Verfailles, where he received a good education, and acquired 

 an early tafte for the mathematics. In 1768 he came to 

 Paris, where he had an opportuiiity of being more thorough- 

 ly inllrufted. In 1774 he fornud fome diftinguifiied pupils 

 for the fchodl of engineers, where the examin: tions were 

 flrift, and admiiiion difficult to he obtained. In 1779 he 

 gained the prize propofed by the Society of Arts at Geneva, 

 for efcapements. In J7S.3 he completed his edition of 

 " Gardiner's Tables of Logai-ithms," which were exceed- 

 ingly convenient, of great utility, and very correft ; and 

 which poflefled advantages above all the others. In lySS 

 he was appointed profeflbr of hydrography at Vannes, after- 

 wards at Dunkirk; and in 1792 he returned to Paris, ai,d 

 was for a few years profeflbr da ingfniairs geogniphes at the 

 depot of war. This place having been fuppreflcd, he con- 

 tinued to teach in Paris, where he was always coniideied as 

 one of the beft mathematical mafters to whom pupils could 

 apply. 



In 179J he publidied the new ftereotype edition of the 

 " Tables of Logarithms," confiderably enlarged with loga- 

 rithmictables of the fines, accordingto the newdeclmal divifioii 

 of the circle. Thefe are the firft which ever appeared. To- 

 wards the end of 1 797 he prefented to the National Inftitute 

 the plan of a new telegraph and a telegraphic language, ac- 

 companied with a diefionary of i 2,ooc French words adapted 

 to it by a combination worthy of fo able a mathematician. 



Thefe labours had injured his health ; he had been a long 

 time afthmatic, and, notwithftanding his condition, he pub- 

 lifhed, that year, an excellent memoir on finding the longi- 

 tude at fea, under the modcft title of " A Supplement to 

 the Trigonometry and Navigation of Bezout." He died 

 on the 14th of November 1798, leaving behind him a 

 daughter, born at Vannes In I 793. According to a tradi- 

 tion in the family, he was defccnded from Dcfcartes. La- 

 lande's Hift. Allron. for 1798. 



Calle, in yliicient Geography, Por'.o, a town of Hifpa- 



iiia Citerior, to the fouth, ocar the mouth of the river IJu- 



rius, on the frontiers of Lufitania. This town, at firft a 



fmall port, became afterwards confiderable among the CaU 



5 H laici, 



