C A L 



Jsici. to whc.1.. it iH..njrc<i. It u now calkJ rumo by 

 the Portugucfr. and I'crt-a-Pcrt, or I'orto by the French, 

 F.om this lutne C-He, and that of Tortus, lUt appdbtion 

 of I'ortugiil ii faid «o be dtrivtd. . 



Calie. J.J, in G^^rafhy^ " 'o^'" "^^ Afnca, in the pro- 

 ,incc of Conllanlina, i\nro:inded on three fiUes by the lea, 

 a„d defended ou the fourth fide by a ilron,? wall. 1 h.s 

 -.'ace ii inhi-bilid by .5 or ^oo Co.ficans and Provencals; 

 i„d it k the chief failory of the French African company 

 on this coaft. The idilices belonging to the company are 

 the o.ilv regular buildings ; the rell of the inhabitants, com- 

 pofed of the fcum of the populace ot Marfeilles, live in 

 wretched huts. They are employed in packing and un- 

 ruckJiiKofgocds, ill the coral filberv, and in taking care of 

 the cattle; they lik-uifc perform military duty, and daily 

 luount guard. Befidts the advantage of the coral filhery, 

 and of the whole trade of the cncnmjacent country, the 

 French have alfo at Bona, Tuckiifn, Sgigata, and Cull, the 

 inonopcly of corn, wool, hides, and wax ; far which they 

 pay yearly to the government of Algiers, to the kaide of 

 Bona', and to the chiefs of the ncighhouring Arabs, jo,ooo 

 dollars, /. e. about 5000 guineas of our money. 



CALLEGAES, a name anciently given by the Spa- 

 niards to the Abipons, on account of their fingular praaice 

 of eradicating the hair over their foreheads, fo as to produce 

 the appearance of baldnefs : but their features refemble the 

 European, and the nofe is commonly of an aquiline form. 

 They carefully eradicate the beard, and mark their foreheads 

 and temples with particular fears, by way of ornament. 

 The males are accullomcd from childhood to the ufe of the 

 bow. Hunger alone diftates the time to eat ; and they 

 tonfume vail quantities of animal food. They preferve 

 cleanlincfs by frequent bathing in the lakes and rivers. 

 'L'hcy have no idea of a monarch, but are ruled by many 

 caciques, which they call " capitas," from a Spanilh term. 

 They feldom mari7 till the hu(band and bride have exceeded 

 their twentieth year; and the lady is purchaftd from her 

 relations at the price of four horfes, and woollen cloths of 

 Tarious colours, fomevvhat rcfembling Turkey carpets. 

 They pretend to expedite the birth by a mixture of cabbage 

 Juice and wine ; and on the birth of a cacique's eldeft fon 

 they obferve many ceremonies. They chiefly bury their 

 dead under the (liadc of trees ; and the horfts of a chief or 

 warrior arc facrificcd on the occafion. Tlie bones are after- 

 wards difintcrred, and carried to a confiderable di llance. For 

 other particulars concerning them; fee Abiponians. 



CALLEN, a pod-town of the county of Kilkenny, pro- 

 •vince of Lclntler, in Ireland. It was a borough before the 

 union, and was often diflinguifhcd for the violence of the 

 contells, having been of the kind called potwalloping, in 

 which ever)- houlekeeper has a right to vote. It is of great 

 antiquity, having been made a borough by William, earl 

 Martfchal, a defcendant of Etrongbow, in 12 17, but it docs 

 not appear to have been ever a town of much importance. 

 The prefcnt number of houfes is 582, of which 46 only pay 

 the window tax ; the population is about 3500, which is a 

 confiderable increafe fince 173 1. It has no manufacture, 

 except a diftillery, and fome lace made there, yet it has fine 

 f.rtams ot water, and is in the neighbourhood of a bog, 

 ■which fnpplies abundance of fuel. There are feven fairs, 

 lome of which are remarkable for the fale of horfe.<;, and 

 <>th:-rs of turkeys, which are bought up here to be fent to 

 Brillol. The liberties of the town include 3660 acres of 

 rich ground, with a lime-ftone bottom, of which 1400 acres 

 oniy are produftive. The crops of wheat grown here are 

 ■very fine. A common of 1500 acres formerly belonged to 

 the town's people, which has been rtduccd by encroach' 



GAL 



ment! to about half the number, and the enclofui^ of t^c 

 reft on a j ill p'an wovild be of great ufe. Indeed a relideni; 

 and improving landlord might render this town very flourifh- 

 ing. Though the adjoining country is fertile and populous^, 

 the whole diltricl of Callen, with five adjoining parifhes, arc 

 united under one redfor, who refides near Callen, the old 

 church of which is in good prcfervation. Thefe iix parifhes 

 contain 41 proteftant families, mod of which live in the 

 town. There are the ruins of an abbey, and three caftles, 

 with fome veiliges of walls, which are laid to have been de- 

 ilroyed by Cromwell. There is alfo a moat, the perpendi- 

 cular height of which is 40 feet, and the flat fumni't i j8 feet 

 by 72. A curious charter given to this town by William earl 

 Marefchal, may be feen in Coxc's hiilory of Ireland ; the 

 privileges conferred by which, though faid to be of all kinds 

 which it became burgcfTcs to poffcfs, and the granter to he- 

 flow, were lefs than chofe now_ enjoyed by the meanefl fub- 

 jeft of the United Kingdoms. Some other particulars might 

 be coUetted from Tighe's Account of Kilkenny, and the 

 old hillories, if it were neceffary. Callen is on the road 

 from Dublin to Cork, being 65-5 Irilli miles, S. W. fronj 

 the capital. N. lat. 52" 32'. W. long. 7° 34'. 



Cali.en, the name of a river in the county of Armagh, 

 in Ireland, near which the city of Armagh ib iituated, and 

 whicii flows through a remarkably fertile country. It joins- 

 tlie Blackwater near Moy. 



CALLENBERG, a town of Germany, in the circle or 

 Upper Saxony, and lordthip of Schanburg ; 4 miles N. E. 

 of Zwickau. — Alfo, a chain of mountains of Germany, 

 commencing about 5 miles from Vienna, and traverfing the- 

 duchy of Stiria. 



CALLENDER, in Geography, a tc-wn of Scotland, in 

 the county of Perth, feated on the river Teith ; 1 1 miles 

 N. W. of Stirling, and ^o W. S. W. of Perth. 

 CALLENDER,in Manufadures. See Calender. 

 CALLET, in Anc'unt Geography, a town of- Spain, in 

 Bostica, and in thejiirifoiclion of Aihgi, according to Phny. 

 CALLEVA Atrebatum, a town of Britain, in the 

 country of the Atrebat'ii, placed, in Antonine's Itinerary, in- 

 his feventh route from Regnum to Londiniuin, between 

 Venta Bclgarum and Pontibus, 21 miles from the former, 

 and at the fame diltance from the latter. Dr. Stukley 

 places it at Farnham. ; and Mr. Horfley at Silchefter. 



CALLIjE, a town of Peloponnefus, in Arcadia. Pau- 

 fanias. 



CALLIAGH-CRUM, in Geography, a rock near Bin- 

 wvhead, in the county of Mayo, in Ireland. N. lat. 54° 21', 

 W. long. 9° 3.5'. 



CALLIAN, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Var ; 10 miles N. E. of Draguignan. 



Callian, or Gall'inn, a river of IlindooRan, the mouth 

 of which is on the fide of the found, formed by Bombay, 

 Salfette, and the neighbcurin-g fliores of the continent, op- 

 pofite to the fcnt of Tannah. The ruins of Callian, noticed 

 by Fryer, are probably thofe of the Calliana of the Peiiplus. 

 Mar. Eryth. 



CALLIANEE, a town of Hlndooltan, in the country 

 of Dowlatabad. It is large and populous, confiding of one 

 long ftreet filled with fliops ; the houfes are conftnifted of 

 rofe-wood, and covered with thatch ; 65 miles W. of Ecder, 

 and85 E. of Vifiapour. N. lat. 17° 45'. E. long. 76° 54'. 

 CALLIAQUA, a town and harbour at the S. W. end 

 of the ifland of St. Vincent, in the Wed Indies. The har. 

 bour is the bed in the ifland, and draws thither mod of the 

 inhabitants and the greateft part of the trade. 

 CALLIBER, or CALLiptR. See Caliber. 



CALLL 



