C A L 



you can defray the charges of your army." Tin's hodilc 

 meafiire involved him in ciifficiihies, more tfpecialiv as he 

 could not recur to thofe means of rtlief which Lyfan'der did 

 not fcruple to adopt. At length, when all his rcfourcts 

 were exhaulled, he repaired to the court of Cyrus in order 

 to folicit pecuniary alTillance. But, treated with negleft, 

 and difappointed in his cxpeftations, he returned to Kphe- 

 fus ; determining, however, not to procure relief, urgent as 

 his necefhlies were, by doing any thing that would entail 

 difgrace on his country or on himfelf. Cyrus, on fubfe- 

 quent deliberation, fent after him a fnpply of money for 

 the payment of his troops, together with prcfents for himfelf. 

 The former he retained, but returned the latter with this 

 memorable metfage : " That there needed no private friend- 

 fliip between Cyrus and him, becaufe as long as the king 

 obferved the conditions of his treaty with the Lacedxmoni- 

 ans, he fliould think himfelf bound by it." He then at- 

 tacked and defeated Conon the Athenian general, and be- 

 fieged him in IVIitylene. Hearing afterwards that the ene- 

 my's grand fleet was at Arginufte, oppofitc to Lcfbos, 

 where he was ftationed, he refolved to engage ii. Whilll 

 he was facrificing in the morning, the foothfayer informed 

 him, that, if he fought, the fight would in the ifl'ue be 

 profperous, but that the admiral would lofe his life ; to 

 this declaration he replied, without any apparent concern ; 

 •' Let us fight then ; Sparta will not lofe much in lofing 

 me ; but (he would forfeit her honour, if I retired in the 

 fight of the enemy." An obftinate engagement enfued, in 

 which Callicratidas was funk with his (hip; B.C. 42';; 

 and, notvvithdaiiding tiic foothfayer's prediftion, the Lace- 

 dxmoniaris were defeated with great lofs. Anc. Un. Hift. 

 voh V p. 454. 



CALLICULA MoNS, in Ancknt Geography, a moun- 

 tain of Italy ii Campaiia. 



CALLIDROJVIUS, a mountain in the Locride at the 

 foot of which w,is the pafTage of Thermopylas. 



CALLIDRYS. See Calidris. 



Callidrys, in Orn'itbolugy, a name given by Bellonius 

 and fome other authors, to our common red-fhank ; Scolo- 

 PAx Calidris. 



CALLiDRYS.nii;r/7, of Bellonius, fuppofed by fome to be 

 the fame binl as Trlnga canutus of modern ornithologids, or 

 wliat we call the knot, but this is doubtful. 



CALLIF/E, in Ancient Geography, a town of Italy in 

 Samnium, in the country of the Hirpini. Livy. 



CALLIGA, a town of India, on this fide of the 

 Ganges. Ptolemy. 



CALLIGICUM, a promontory of India, in the penin- 

 fula on this iide of the Ganges, which terminated the Ar- 

 garic gulf to the ncrth-weif. 



■ CALLIGONUM, in Botany, (from KaA?.o,- and yovu, 

 implying a beautiful jointed ftrufturc,) Linn. Gen. 68o. 

 I'Hcritier in Linn. Tranf. vol. i. p. 177. Willd. 961. 

 (Pallafia. Schreb. 834. ) C'lafs and order, dodecandria ietra- 

 gyiil.'!. Nat. ord. No/oraees, Linn. Po/ygoreit, JnO. 



. Gen. Ch. Cal. perianth one-leafed, top-(haped at the 

 bafe, with a five-parted border ; fegments nearly equal, 

 roundilh, fpreading, finally a little reflexed, permanent ; 

 the two outer ones a little fmaller than the others. Cora/. 

 none, unlefs the calyx be conlidered as fucli. i'/aw. fila- 

 ments about fixteen, diverging, capillary ; pubefcent, and a 

 little thickened near the bottom ; (lightly united at their 

 bafe in the form of a neftary ; anthers roundidi, two-celled, 

 peltate. Pifi. germ faperlor, egg-(haped, fonr-fitied, acu- 

 minate ; ftyles four, fometimes only three, thread-lhaped, 

 fpreading, a little united at the bafe, karccly longer than 

 the filaments j lligmaa capitate. Feric, none, except the 



CAL 



cnifl of the nut. Seed, nut with a juicilefs infeparahie crud 

 or (hell, oblong, four-fided, four-wiuged, onc-cclkd, without 

 valves ; wings cither iiKmbranaccoUi-, longitudinally two- 

 parted, toothed, and curled ; or rough with branched bril\lc»f 

 kernel of the fame form, 



EcT. Ch. Ca/yx five-parted, ccrolla none, filaments about 

 fixteen, a little united at the bafe, germ fupcrior, four- 

 fided, ilyles three or four, nut four-winged, one-celled. 

 I'Herit. 



Sp. I. C. polygonoides, Linn. Sp. PI. (polygonoidef,- 

 Tourn. Corol. 47. Tab. 478. Itin. Orient, vol. ii. ^. ^,^/i. 

 with a figure.) " Fruit latticed ; bridles branched, rigid." 

 I'Herit. A (hrub three or four feet high. Stem as thick 

 as the human arm, zigzag, hard, brittle, covered with a 

 reddifli bark, divided and fnbdividcd into many fimilar 

 branches, which at length put out numerous jointed twig« 

 of a fea-green colour, an inch or (ifteeii lints long, and hall 

 a line thick, which Tournefort calls leave.t, and fays are fo 

 like thofe of Ephedra, that it is not poffihle to dillinguilh 

 them without feeing the flowers. Floivers at the joints of 

 the upper ramifications, on flcnder, fliort peduncles, pale 

 green in the middle, white at the edges, permanent; fila- 

 ments white ; anthers purple. Fruit half an inch long, four 

 lines thick, conical, deeply furrowed lengthwife : angles ter» 

 minated by wings cut into fine fringes. La Marck calls it 

 a capfule. Found by Tournefort near the river Araxes in 

 Arjixnia. 2. C. comofum, Willd. I'Heritier in Linn. 

 Tranf. " Fruit latticed ; briftles, branched, foft." rHerit, 

 Perhaps only a variety of the preceding. They exactly 

 refemble each other, except in the brillles of the fruit, 

 which in this are fofter, and implicated or buOiy ; whereas 

 in the preceding they arc more rigid and perfedUy dillinit. 

 Found by Lippi in Egypt, and bv I-ouiehe Desfontaines 

 in Barbary. ,;. C. pallafm, Willd. I'Hcritier. Linn. 

 Tranf. vol. i. and Stirp. vol. ii. p. ,^7. La Marck Illult. 

 PI. 410. (Pterococcus aphylhis. Pallas, Voyag. ii. p. 73^. 

 Tab. S. French TraniUtion, p. 47J, and ';4Q. PI. xvi. 

 Pallafia cafpica, Linn. Su}ip. 252. Savigny in Encyc. 

 Pallafia Pterococcus. Pallas Fl. Rolf. ii. p. 70. Tab. 77, 

 78.) " Wings membranaceous, curled, toothed," I'Herit. 

 A flnnb three or four feet high. .^40/ thick, woody, a« 

 inch and half in diameter, Ihiking deep into the fand, with 

 a tuberofe head. Stents numerous, about the thickncfs of a 

 finger, ereft, branched, fpreading, diehotomous, brittle, with 

 a grey, ftriated bark. Branches, alternate, round, zigzag, 

 jointed, a little knotty, without leaves ; putting out every 

 fpring, at each joint, from fix to ten dole fet, herbaceous, ru(h- 

 like (hoots, fometimes limple, fometimes branched, of a fine 

 green, and nearly glaucous colour, a few of which fnrvivc the 

 winter, and are hardened into branches; the relt peri(h, and 

 leave a knotty fear. S'.ipula membranaceous, obfcurcly trifid, 

 Ihrivelhng, furrounding the joint as in the polygonums. 

 Z/A71W alternate, fcffile, folitary, at each joint of the hcrbaco 

 ous (hoots ; round, awl (hapcd, ue(hy, refcmbling the (hoots, 

 half an inch long. Pallas (ays there are no lea^'Cs, but I'Hcri- 

 tier affirms that they were aftually prefeiit in pbnts cultivated 

 by himfelf, which flowered and ripened their fruit. Flo-wen 

 numerous inclulltrs, from three to tWc together; lateral or 

 axillary witiiin the Ibpules, on the young or woody branches, 

 as well as on the herbaceous flioots ; white, with a greenifh 

 tinge in the middle. Stamens ten. the length of the calyx, 

 and withering with it as the fruit increaCes, without falling 

 o(f; filaments briifle-ihaped, thickcil at liie bafe, Oowny ; 

 anthers nearly globular, trto-celled. Germ conical, four- 

 fided, rarely threc-lided, the bifid angles prolonged fo as •<» 

 form the wings of the fruit. IVings fomcwhat oval, of a > 

 ciniiamoB colour, ftriated and fplit near the edges, fpread*. 



ing. 



