C A L 



buildings. Here is a cloth mamifaflory, which furnidies 

 employ to fome of the poor inhabitants. It has a weekly 

 market on WednefJay, and two annual fairs. Calliiigton 

 beinnr only a member of the parilh of South-hill (wiiere the 

 chureh is fituated) has a chapel of eafe within the preciiifts 

 of the town. The earliell mention of this place on record 

 occurs in the time of Henry IH. who in the 52d year of his 

 reign granted the privilege of a market to Reginald de 

 Ferrars, who was then lord of the manor. The town was 

 conftituted a borough in the 2-th year of Elieabcth, when 

 it obtained the privilege of fending two members to parlia- 

 ment, which right has continued to the prefen.t time. The 

 borough is governed by a portreeve, but it does not polltfs 

 any charter of incorporation. Tlie eledtive franchifes of 

 the inhabitants are not clearly afeertained ; but the prefent 

 cuftom limits the right of eleftion to the burgaoe-tenurcs 

 paying fcot and lot, and the number of voters is about 

 fifty. 



On the higheft part of Hengefton-downs near Caliington 

 is St. Kit's-hill, which confills entirely of granite. Near the 

 top, a fliaft has been funk for digging tin, and it is found 

 that the lode of ore is impregnated with wolfram united with 

 quart/.. Caliington contains 145 houfes, and S19 inhabitants. 

 It is 216 miles W. from London. 



CALLINICON, or CALLiNicuM,in Ancient Geography, 



I called alfo Leontopolis, a town of Afia, fituate on the left of 

 the Euphrates, near Nicephorium. Procopius informs us, 

 that Colroes, king of Perfia, took and razed this place. 



CALLINICUS, in Biography, a native of Heliopolis in 

 Syria, who deferted from the fervice of the caliph to that of 

 the emperor, and who imparted the fecret of compounding 

 and diretting the Greek fire, to which the deliverance of 

 Conftantinople in the two fieges, A. D. 716 — 718, has been 

 afcribed. See Greek Fire. 



Callinicus, furnamed Sutorius, was a native of Petra in 

 Arabia ; but fpent the greatcft part of his life at Athens. 

 He wrote the hiftory of Alexandria in 10 books, quoted by 

 Jerome, and publilhed feveral other pieces on various lub- 

 ]e£i%. He flourilhed in the reign of Antoninus. Suidas, 

 vol. ii. p. 232. 



C ALLINUS of Ephefus, a very ancient Greek poet, faid 

 to be the inventor of elegiac verfe ; fbme fpecimens of which 

 are to be found in the coUeflion of Stubxus. He flouriihed 

 about 776 years B. C. 



CALLINUSA, in Ancient Geography, a promontory of 

 the ifle of Cyprus, according to Ptolemy, marked on the 

 chart of M. d'Anville on the northern coail towards the 

 wefl. In fome charts it is called " Capo Eleni," and in 

 others " Alexandrctta." 



CALLIONYMUS, in hhthyohgy, a genus of filhes, in 

 the order Pifces jugulares, the charafter of which is as 

 follows : upper lip doubled, or folded in two plaits ; eyes 

 approximate ; branchioftcgou?, or gill membrane, wiA fix 

 rays; aperfire for breathing in the neck; gill covers (hut up; 

 body naked ; ventral fin very remote. 



The fpccies of this genus are lyra, dracunculus, indicus, 

 baikalenfis, ocellaius, lagitta, and japonicus ; which fee re- 

 l^eftively. 



CALLIOPE, in Entomology, a South American fpecies 

 of Papilio, defcribed by Linnaus, and delineated in Clerk's 

 Icon. t. 41. and alfo by Seba and Cramer. The wings of 

 this infeft are yellow, with three ilreaks on the anterior pair, 

 and three bands on the pofterior ones of black. 



Calliope, in Ancient Geography, a town of Afia in Syria, 

 which v;as one of the principal fortreifcs of the Parthians 

 againft the Medes, according to Pliny. 



Calliope, in the Pagan Mythology, the chief of the nine 

 Voi.V. 



C A L 



Mufcs, called by Horace Regina. The dirtinguifliing ofiicf 

 of this Mufc was to record the worthy aflione of the living j 

 and accordingly (lie is rcprefcnted with tablets in her left 

 hand. 



Such may be fcen on the marbh apothcofisof Homer, and 

 upon tlie farcopliagi of the capilol and of the Maitei palace, 

 whicli reprefent the Mules. To Calliope, icprcfented by 

 fome writers as the Uiolher of tlie Corybantes and Syrens, 

 but more coniinoiily as the mother of Orpheus, is afcribed 

 the invention of heroic poetry ; and her name, according to 

 Diodorus (Bib. Hilt. 1. iv. oc vii.), was derived from her line 

 voice, whq Ti; xa\>;,- oro;. From this etymology it Ins been 

 inferred that Calliope is the fymbol of rhetoric aiid elo- 

 quence; but Euliathius (II. A. v. i.) alTerts that flic wan 

 the emblem of heroic poetry, the moll noble and moft aw- 

 cie!:t fpecies of poetry. As to her fine voice, flic pofie;Ted 

 thip talent in common with her other filters. Upon the me- 

 dals of the Pomponian family, (he is dcligned by a licad 

 crowned with laurel, with a roll or volume from which 

 firings are fufpendid, in the field of the medal. 



CALLIPiEDIA, the art of getting or breeding fine 

 and beautiful children. The word io formed from K%\i>;,fair, 

 and wxi;, puer, either boy or girl. We find divers rule* 

 and pra<:ilice3 relating to this art, in ancient and modern 

 writers. 



The Jews are faid to have been fo felicitous about tlie 

 beauty of their children, that care was taken to have fome 

 very beautiful child (fuch as was Jochanan, the difciple of 

 Judah, author of the Mifchna) placed at the door of the 

 public baths, that the women at going out, being (Iruck 

 with his appearance, and retaining the idea, might all have 

 children as fine as he. The Chinefe toke great care of their 

 breeding women, to prevent uncouth objects of any kind 

 from linking their imagination : and muficians arc employed 

 at night to entertain them with agreeable fongs and odes, 

 fetting forth the duties and comforts of a conjugal and do- 

 mellic life, that the infant may receive before its birth good 

 imurefiions, and come forth not only well-formed in body, 

 but fuitably difpoled in mind. 



Callipsedia, neverthelef.;, fetms to have been firll ercfted 

 into a jull art by Claude Qiullet de Chinon, a French ab- 

 bot, who, under the fiftitious name of Calvidus I^xtus, hat 

 pnblilhed a fine Latin poem, in four books, under the title 

 of Callipxdia, feu de pulchrx prolis halenJjt ratione ; whereii* 

 are contained all the precepts of the art. Paris, 1656, Svo. 

 & Lond. 1708, Svo. It was trandated into EnghlTi verfi; 

 by Mr. Rowe. 



CALLIPHAE, in Mythology, one of tl»e lonides. 

 CALLIPIA, in Ancient Geography, a fountain of Ephe- 

 fus fo called by Pliny, and denominated " Alitea" by Pau- 

 fanias. 



CALLIPIDJE, a people of Scythia near the Palus- 

 Miotis. According to Herodotus they were a colony of 

 Greeks, cftablillied in Scythia. Pomponius Melaaffigns them 

 the fpace that lay between the Axiaces and Hypanis or Bogus. 

 CALLIPOLIS, denoting beautiful eily, a name givca 

 to feveral towns, on account of the peculiar advantages of 

 their fituation or (Irufture. Thus, Calllpolis was the name 

 of a city on the Cherfonefus of Thrace, near the Hellel- 

 pont, and oppolite to Lampfacus. See Gallipoli. — Alfo, 

 a town of Sicily, on the eallerii coait, north of Catana 

 and of the river Acis. — Alfo, a town of Caria.- Alfo, a 

 town of Magna Grxcia, at the extremity of a pcninfula in 

 the country of the Salentins, in thegnlf of Tarento — Alfo, a 

 town of Peloponnefus. — Alfo, a town of Greece in JExoWi, 

 feparated from Naupafla by a high mountain, called " Co- 

 rax." Alfo, a town ef Afia, towards Galatia and Armenia. 



5 I —Alio, 



