C A L 



_Alfo, a town of Spain, near the MediterranMn fea, be- 

 tv»efn mount Sallus ana Tarracona. , » , 



C\IL1RH0E, formed of xaXs;, beauttful, and {sw, /o 

 /:,»..■ a 'fountain of Greece at the Rate of Calydon, m 

 \Atolia— Alfo afount:un of Attica, called " Lnneacrunos, 

 from its O fpringa or channels— Alfo, a lake of Afia in Me- 

 lopoumia, near which was feated the city of Antioch.— 

 Alfo, a mineral fountain of Palelline, before the town of that 

 rame, and the fortrefs Machsrus, according to Il^iiy-- 

 AUo, a town of Arabia, i:icUided in the territory of Moab, 

 fituatc near the Afphaltite bke, and famous for its warm 

 l..ith8. According to Jofcphus, Herod the Great, m his 

 lull illncfs, was conveyed hither.^ Ptolemy places it on the 

 call of Jordan and of the Dead Sea. 



CALLIRRKOE, in Entomology, a Fabiician fpecies ot 



C A L 



neftary ; anther operciilated, two-lobed. P'lfl. germ iuferioft 

 twiftcd, thrcad-rtiaped : (lyleand (ligma none, unlefs we con- 

 iider as fuch a furrow which palfes from the ftamen to the 

 germ. Fruit generally abortive. Root a linear bulb. Stem 

 thick, furrowed. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, entire, flrt ■ 

 ated, thick, hard, flieathing. Floivers white, in long, later- 

 al, drooping, fimple racemes. Bofc. Nouv. Dift. 



Callista, in Ancient Geography, a name formerly 

 given to an ifland of the Grecian Archipelago, afterwards 

 called Tbera, and now Santorin, which fee. 



CALLISTHENES, in Biography, a Greek philofopher 

 and hillorian, was a native of Olynthus, and a difciple and 

 kinfmaii of Arillotle. By the influence of this philofopher 

 he vfas appointed to attend Alexander in his expedition to 

 the eaft ; but his free fpivit and republican fentiments, to- 

 ith a confiderabie degree of feif-importance, and of 



H 



PiPii.io,(i><;«.C<J/.</.)peculiartoAfia. The wings arc en- gether with a confid ■ r , 



tire, with the tip of the anterior pair, and fix fpots on the aufteruy of temper, rendered him very unht for the atten- 



pollcrior ones, black , , o t 



CALLISIA, in Botany, Linn. 63. Schreb. 87. Lnm. 

 lUull. 8j.. Jiill". 45- Clafs and order, triandria monogynia. Nat. 

 ord. Enfjtj, Linn. Juncl, Jufi". 



Gen. Ch. CJ. perianth three-leafed : leaves linear-lance- 

 olate, keeled, ereft, permanent. Corel, petals three, lance- 

 obtc, acuminate, erect, fpreading at the top, the length of 

 the calyx. SUvn. filaments three, capillai-y, longer than 

 the corolla, dilated at the top into a roundidi lamina : an- 

 thcrs double, globular, fixed to the infide of the lamina. 

 Pyi. germ fuperior, oblong, comprefTed : ftyle capillary, 

 the length of the ftamens : iHgmas three, fpreading, pencil- 

 form. Peric. capfule, eggfhaped, comprefTed, acute, two- 

 celled, two-valvcd -, valves contrary. Seeds two, roundi(h. 

 Nearly allied to commclina, and differing from it chiefly 

 in the want of the three barren filaments, tipped with crofs- 

 (liapcd gland?, called nectaries by Linnaeus. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx three-leafed. Petals three. Anthers 

 double. Capfule two-celled. 



Sp. I. C. repens, Linn. Sp. PI. Lsf. it. 305. Lam. lUuf. 

 PI. 3^. fig. I. (Hapalanthus, arttXs; avflo;, tender flower, 

 Jacq. Amer. 11. tab. 11. fecond edition: 12. tab. 14.) 

 " Flowers axiHar)-, nearly feffile ; ftem fmooth." Lam. 

 Illuft. Root annual. Stem herbaceous, tender, creeping from 

 the joints, rather creft at top, a little branching at the bafe. 

 Leaves alternate, egg-(haped, acuminate, fomewhat heart- 

 Ihapcd at the bafe, Iheathcd, thickifh, (hining, growing near 

 together as they approach the top of the Hem. Floivers 

 fraall, generally three together from each fiieath of the up- 

 per leaves, tender, greenifli. 2. C. umlellulata, Lam. PI. 



tions and obfequioufnefs of a courtier. Arillotle had taken 

 pains to foften the feverity of his difpofition ; his efforts, 

 however, were ineffedlual ; and therefore, forefeeing the 

 pernicious confequences that would unavoidably refult from 

 the liberty he affumed of fpeaking his' mind on all occalions, 

 he frequently repeated to him the following verfe of Ho- 

 mer, ( 11. xviii. V. 95.) 



" My fon, thy freedom will abridge thy days." 

 This prediftion was verified by the event. Having fre- 

 quently offended Alexander by his unfeafonable refleftions 

 and remonftrances, he rendered him altogether implacable 

 by oppofing his frantic afl'umption of divine honours. Cal- 

 lifthenes not only abllained from joining with Anaxarchus 

 and the fervile throng who flatteretl his prctenfions and bent 

 before him the fupple knee, but remonftrated on the fub- 

 jeft in a fpeech full of ftrong argument and liberal fenti- 

 ments. " If," faid he, " in the land of barbarians, their 

 modes of thinking are to be adopted,. I befcech you, Alex- 

 ander, to recoUedt Greece, for the fake of which the con- 

 quell of Afia, and this whole expedition have been under- 

 taken I Confider, whether, on your return, you will compel 

 the free Grecians to adore you, or, exempting them from 

 the difhonour, will load with it your Macedonians alone ; 

 or fliall the Greeks and Macedonians pay you only human 

 honours, while the barbarians worfliip you according to their 

 barbarous cuftoms .'" See the whole fpeech in Arrian's 

 Exped. Alex. lib. iv. p. 165, &c. ed. Gronovii. This fpi- 

 nted reraonllrance was unpardonable-. 



A pretext was foon 

 found in the confpiracy of Hermolaus for implicating Cal- 

 j5.fig. 2. " Little umbels lateral and terminal ; ftem downy lifthenesin a charge of treafon, though probably he had fur- 

 near the top ; peduncles downy." Stem branched. Leaves nllhed no other occafion for it befides that of unguarded 

 cRg-lhapeC, acuminate, petioled ; but thofe near the tup of language againlt tyranny. He was immediately airefted 

 the ftem fifiiic and lanceolate, (heathcd. Umbels fimple, with the other perfons that were accufed, though his fate 

 from two to five-flowered, but the flowers are occafionally was for fome time fufpendcd. Hiltorians are not agreed as 

 fmgle ; flowers on rather long peduncles, dmndrous. De- to the mode in which his life terminated ; but mnll of them 

 fcription iormed from La Marck's figure. Both the fpecies conciifin informing us that he was carried about with the 

 are natives of South America and the Well Indies. The army as an objedt of terror. Arillobulus fays that under 

 firll was introduced into England in 1776 by Dr. Eothetgi). this ignominious treatment he died of a difcafe : Ptolemy 

 CALLISTA, in Botany, a genus formed by Loureiro relates that he was tortured and crucified: and Jullin repie- 

 for a parafitical plant which grows on the trunks of old fents him as being disfigured and confined in an iron cage 

 tree., and which might have been referred to Epideodrum. with a dog for his companion, till Lyfimaclias freed bun 

 He gives It the following eharaaer. Clafs and order, ^^j7/a«- from his fuffering by giving him poifon. Ho.vever this be, 

 dr,a monamlrw. Cal none, but mftead o it feveral ovate- his death, in confequence of the char-e brought againll him, 

 lanceolate fcales. Cor. petals five, fpreading : three feff.le is certain, B. C. 328; and it fixes on the memory of Alex- 

 ovate-oblong : two oppofitc, ung.uculated, larger, fwelhng ander an indelible llain. The, " Hiftory of the Aftions of 

 at their bale. iVrf/,7ry tubular, within the petals and attach- Alexander," written by Callifthenes, is cited by many of 

 ed to their bafe, large, tvvo-lipped : upper hp, oblong, flefiiy, the ancients, and feems to have been the produaion rather 



with two horns at its bafe ; lower lip, entire, downy, funnel- of an orator, than of a judicious hiftorianV Polybius charges 

 Stamen one, attached to the upper extremity of the him with a total ignorance of taftics ia his defcription of 



.. . _ • the 



fliapcd. 



