C A L 



the battle botwcen T>mm mid Alcxandjr. lie compofc-d 

 many other liiftorical works, whicli arc not now extant. 

 The moll confidei-able was, a " Hirtory of Greece," com- 

 prehendiiig 30 years from the peace of Antalcitlas. He 

 alfowrotea " Hillory of tlie TmjanWar." A " Periplus," 

 " Perfics," " Macedonics," " Thracics," and " Metamor- 

 phofts," are' alfo afcrilicd {o a writer of hii name. His 

 " Apophtliepms" are alfo mentioned ; among which was a 

 faying formerly famous in the fclioo!.-. — " that human life is 

 governed by fortune, not by wifdom." Arrian, ubi fiipTa. 

 rliitaicli ill Alex, apnd oper. t. i. p. 691;, &c. Quintus 

 'Ciirtiiis. Jullin. Voff. Hill. Grarc. I'abr. Bib. Grxc. Gen. 

 13iog. ^ 



CALLISTIA, KyMM-ri:'., in A-i/ijii!t^, a I.ediian fcflival, 

 wlierein the women jirelentcd thcniftlveo in Juno's leinple, 

 nd the prize was afii^ncd to the faired. 



The word is formed from x.x'.r.o,-, beauty, q. d. beauty's 

 rewards. The like contell of beauty was held at the fef- 

 tival of Ceres Eleuiinia, among the Parrhafians, firft fct on 

 foot by Cypfelus, whofe wife Hcrodice was honoured with 

 the firft prize. Another obtained among the b'.lians, wlierc 

 the contefl; was among the men, the moll beautiful of whom 

 was prcfented with a fnit of armour, whirh lie canfecrated 

 to Minerva, to whofe temple he walked in procefiion, 

 adorned with ribbons, and crowned with a myrtle garland. 

 Pott. Arch. Grace, lib. ii. cap. 20. 



CALLISTRATIA, in An-nnl Geography, -i. town of Alia 

 in G«latia, according to Ptolemy ; but it rather belonged 

 to Paphiagonia. It was fituated on the coall of the Euiiine 

 fca, S. E. of the promontory of Cerambis, and S. of that 

 of Zephyrium. 



CALLISTRATUS, in Biography, an Athenian orator 

 who flourifhed about the year B.C. ,340. After having 

 acquired great reputation and authority in the government 

 of his country, he fhared the fate of others of a fimilar de- 

 fcription, and was baniilied. He is probably the fame per- 

 fon that is mentioned by Demoflhenes (Orat. adv. Polycltm.) 

 who was banifhed to Methone in Mefopotamia, and whom 

 the Athenians had twice condemned to death. Tiie fuccefs 

 of his pleading in a public canfe of importance, which 

 Demofthenes attended in his youth, and the glory acquired 

 by it, induced this yotmg difciple of Plato to abandon the 

 ftudy of philofophy, and to devote him/'elf entirely to that of 

 oratory. Callitlratus is faid to have maniftfted great ab- 

 horrence when, under a ftntence of exile, fome perfon ex- 

 prefl'ed a wilh, that the Athenians might foon be obliged to. 

 rtlloi'c the exiles. Similar to this was the conduft cf Ru- 

 tilius, who retorted againft one who propofed to' comfort 

 him by reprcfenting to him, that a war would foon break 

 out, which would occafion all the cxilts to return ; " What 

 have I done to thee, tliat thou Ihouldll vvilh me a return 

 worfe than my baniihiiient ? I chufe rather that my 

 country fhould blufli at my banifhment, than mourn at my 

 return." Plut. in Demoiilien. apud opera, t. i. p. 847. Se- 

 neca de Benef. 1. vi. c. 37. Gen. Di£l. 



CALLISTUS, JoHAXNES Andronicus, a learned 

 Greek philofopher, was a native of Tiunaloiiica, and fettled 

 at Conftantinople, where he was a prot'elTor of the Peripa- 

 tetic philofophy, and acquired a high reputation for learn- 

 ing. Upon the capture cf this city in 1453, he fled with 

 many others into Italy, and tixing liis firft rcfidence at Rome, 

 taught the Greek language and read letlures upon Arillotlc's 

 philofophy. From hence, for want of due encouragement, 

 he removed to Florence, where he had a vail concourfe of 

 difciples. After fpending feveral years in Italy, he clpfed 

 his life in France. Callillus was one of thofe learned Greeks 

 to whom we arc indebted for the introduftion of learning 



C A L 



Info tlif wed. Some Greek MSS. bcarinjr his nnme ire 

 dill extant; and particularly one in the royal libraiy at 

 Paris, entitled, " A Monody upon the Miferics of Con- 

 dantinople." Some philofopliical and moi<iI pieces in MS. 

 arc alfo afcribcd to Kim. Biog. Dift. 



CALLITRICHF., in BoUmy (fiom KaX?,,; and Sf.f, fme 

 hair, but there does not appear any peculiar propriety in the 

 appellation). Linn. Sp. I'l. Clafs and ftrdcr, monandria d't- 

 gyn'ia. Nat. ord. Ilolorjsca, Linn. Nwadc, JufF. Inctrlt 

 Jedis, Vent. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. none. Cor. petals two, incurved, acumi- 

 nate, channelled, oppofite. Slnm. filament one, long, re- 

 curved; anther fimple. Pj/}. gtirn roundini ; fiyles two, 

 capillary, recurved ; digmas acute. Peric. capfiile roundidi, 

 tjuadrangular, con^piefled, four-fecdej. Lam. Juff. Pirlr, 

 none; unltfs the proper tunic of the feeds be fo called. Sads 

 four, naked, I'cmr-elliptical, lentieubrly compreffcd, furnidied 

 on the outer fide with a broadllh membranaceiiua margin, 

 difpofed in a kind of coniprelied crofs fo as to appear in 

 pairs, of a pale bay colour. Girt. Dr. Smith. 



EIT. Ch. C.7/)'.v none. Punls two. Slignias ncwle. SceJt 

 four, connircded, with a winged margin on one fide. 



Obf Ihe corolla of Linnxus and the Englifli authors, is 

 confidered by La Marck, Juflieu, &c. as a twolcafed 

 calyx. 



Species, C. ajunlka, Hudf. 439. Smith Flor. Brit. v. i. 

 p. 8. Eng. Bot. PI. 722. Lam. II. pi. 5. (C. verna and 

 autumnalis, Linn, Stellaria, Rai. Syn. 2^9. Alfine, Gcr. 

 em. 614. Lenticula, Loes. PrufP. 140. tab. 38.) Watcr-dar- 

 wort, or ilar-hcaded water-chickweid. Annual. Roots 

 fibrous, fimple. Stems flender, branched, Itafy, fmoolh ; 

 floating by means of its thickfct broad upper leaves, till the 

 • impregnation is accomplillud ; then each flower finks, by 

 the elongation of the top of the dem, where new ones arc 

 produced: and finally the whole herb fubfides to the bottom, 

 takes root there, ripens, and fows its feeds. The young 

 plants foon rife to the furface, and appear to be nourilli^jj 

 from the water by fimple (lender roots from each joint of the 

 ftcni, which do not reach the ground till the plant fubfides. 

 The earlier leaves are oppofite, fpatula-fliaped, entire, three- 

 nerved ; but thofe produced in autumn, after the herb finks, 

 are linear, fingle-nerved, and emarginate, which occafioned 

 the diftinftion of this fpccics into two. Floti'crs axillary, 

 folitary, feffile, fmall, whitifli. Dr. Smith. If the ciafs P-j- 

 lygamia were prcferved, as tdablillicd by I^innaius, this plant 

 would indifputably belong to it, feme of its (lowers being 

 hermaphrodite, others with only ftamens, and othcis with 

 only piftils. Linnxus dates the flowers of his autumnalis 

 to be all hermaphrodite, but, according to Dr. Smith, the 

 plant does not flower in that llatc. Dillcnius feems to have 

 been the fird that doubted whether there were more than 

 oue fpecics. See his edition of Ray's Synopfis. Very 

 common in England, and the greater part of Europe, in 

 ditches and danding water?. 



Cai-Litriche, in Zoolc>jy, the name under which the 

 green ape of the Englifli writers {S'imia fab^a of Schrtber 

 Saeugth) isdefcribcd by Bufibn. 



CALLITRICHUM, m Botany. (J. Bauh. Morif. Ray.) 

 See M li 1, 1 s s A pyreiuiica. 



CALLITRICHUS, In Zoology, fynonymous with Cal- 

 LiTRiCHK, a fort of monkey of a yellowifli green colour, 

 wilh black flattifli face, called by Pennant the green monkey. 

 This is the animal named Jiwia /abra by.'Hchrebcr. See 

 SiMiA Sab.iea. 



CALLITRIX, in Zoology, Simia callitrix magnitudine 

 magnorum cynocephaloiuni, Alpin. Aeg. Sec Simia 



SlLENUS. 



5 I I CALLIX- 



