C A L 



b'jt the r«t of Diinrtan, prefiJcut of the fyiioJ, and cliitf 

 sul»oC3le for tlie monks, alone Hood firm. Thisi tircum- 

 ftancf , ill that atje of fupcrllition, was conllnied into an 

 intcrpofillon of Henveii in their favour; but fubfoquciit 

 vvnUTj have afl"i;;iicd a more natural leafon, and have not 

 hcfitatcd to afTertl that Dunftan had cauftd the beams to be 

 f.i«-n afundcr, taking care that his own feat ihould remain 

 fixed. This aceounl fecms, from the fanguinary difpofition 

 of Dunftan. to be moll probable. Calne has, of late years, 

 j^eatly increafid in fize and population; it contains 781 

 lioufes, and i-6-; inliabitants, moll of whom are employed 

 in the manufacture of broad cloth, fergts, and other articles 

 of the clotlii:'g bnfinefs. Here arc three meeting-houfcs for 

 Prcroytcrians, Anahaptifts, and Quakers. The church is a 

 l.irge ftruaure, dedicated to St. Miirl;, with a handfome 

 •fquarc tower at the north-tall end. The town is plentifully 

 •fiipplicd willi water from two llreams, one ilhiing from the 

 Pint of the hills near the village of Cal lion, the other from 

 Chcrill ; thcfc rivul.ts unite, and run through the centre of 

 the town, givinjr mnti'.n to many fulling aid jrrill-mills. A 

 {■reefchool was founded here by John Benlley, elJq. of Rich- 

 mond in Surrey ; who, by his will, dated September 2 ), 

 j6'J3, Rave certain lands, called I'lickctt's I'ieldi?, adjoin- 

 ing to Lincoln's [nn, then worth about ysol. for its erec- 

 tion and maintenance for ever. By the donations of fir 

 Francis Bridgman, knt. certain exhibitions are ellablilhtd at 

 ■Qiiccn's Co!le;;c, Oxford, for the benefit of boys born in the 

 county of Wilts, and educated in this free-fchool. " The 

 ma'ler to keep a regular grammar fehool, and teach feven 

 bovsthe Latin and Greek tongues, and othcrwife qualify 

 them for the Univerlity." 



About three miles call of Calne, on the fide of the Lon- 

 don ro.id, is a monument, which attra6ls not only the notice 

 of all travellers on this road, hut alfo the obfervation of peo- 

 ple over the north part of Wilts, and many parts of the ad- 

 joining counties. This is the figure of a large White 

 HoRSi, that was formed by paring off the turf from the 

 fide of the chalk-hill ; the horfe is reprefented in a trotting 

 pofition, and executed with a pretty corrcift outline ; it was 

 cut at the expence of Dr. AUfup, of Calne, about twenty- 

 iivc years ago, and mcafurcs from the head to the tail about 

 1.5- feet. 



About two miles weft of the town is Bowood, the feat of 

 the marquis of Lanfdown. The houfc is a large, commodi- 

 ous, but irregular llrufture, and contains fonie fine piclures, 

 among which is a valuable coUeftion of portraits of eminent 

 eharatlers. The park and pleafuie grounds are extenfive, 

 and diveifitd with much beautiful fcenery. A diilinguidicd 

 feature, and ornament of thcfe grounds, is a large lake, 

 which winding beneath fome fine hanging woods, conftitutes 

 an interellini; ohjeft ; at the head of this lake is a fiiigu- 

 larly pi'hirefquc cafcade, which, though wholly artificial, is 

 jullly -admired for its approximation to the irregularities of 

 nature. 



CALNEH, in Scripture Geography, a city in the land 

 •f Shinaar, br.ih by Nimrod, and at one time the feat of 

 his empire (Gen. x. 10.); fuppoftd to be the Chalno or 

 Calno ot IfaJah, (ch. x. 9.) and the Channch or Cannch of 

 Ezekicl, (ch. xxvii. 23.) Tliefe prophets join it with Ha- 

 ran, Eden, Affyria, and Cliilmad, whicli traded with Tyre ; 

 and hence it is inferred, that it mull have been fituattd in 

 Mefopolamia. It is faid by the Chaldce interpreters, and 

 alt) by Eufebins and jtrom, to be tlie fame with Ctefiphon, 

 which was feated on the Tigris, about three miles dillant 

 from Scleucia, and for fomc time the capital of the Par- 

 thians. Thi; opinion is confirmed by the name Chalonitis, 

 tvhJcfltly derived from Chaluc or Chalno, which was given 



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by the Greeks to the country about Ctefiphon. Wells's 

 Geog. of the Old Tcftament, vol. i. p. 229. 



CALOBRA, in Geography, the mod confidcrable har- 

 bour in the ifland of Majorca, both for its fecuie entrance, 

 and the fine country that furrounds it ; as well as for the 

 fprings of frefli water that are near it. 



CALODENDRUM, la Botany, {Ky.\ou beautiful, J=.Jjw, 

 atree.) Schreb. gen. 384. Thunb. gen. 41. Willd. 437, 

 Juir. 427. Clafs and order, pentatidria monogyma. Nat. ord. 

 incerts fedis, JufT. 



Gen. Ch. Cfi/. periantti one-leafed, permanent, five-part- 

 ed ; fegments egg-(hap(.d, acute, befet with ftrong hairs on 

 the outiide ; the edges fliglitly revohite. Cor. petals five, 

 lanceolate, obtufe, fprcading, charmelled, keeled, waved, pu- 

 befcent, three times the length of the calyx : ncdlaries five, 

 fixed to tlie receptacle within the petals, and fhapcd like 

 them, linear-lanceolate, awl-ftiaped at the tip, terminated 

 bv a gland, fmooth, filvery-glandular, narrower than the 

 peta's, but of the fame length. 5/<;m. filaments five, equal, 

 the length of the corolla, one of them generally baiTen : 

 anthers egg-heart-fnaped, furrowed, fixed longitudinally to 

 the filaments. Pift- germ pedicelled, capitate, befet with 

 fiiarp poir.ts, fuperior: (lyle fixed to one fide of the germ, 

 thread-fiiaped, the length of the ftamens ; ftigma fimple ob- 

 tufe. Peric. capfale pcduiicled, egg-(haped, bluntly five, 

 angled, befet with ilrong points, five-furrowed, five-celled, 

 fivc-valved. Seeds in pairs, fomewhat triangular, convex on 

 the back, fmooth. 



EIT. Ch. C(j/)'K five parted. Petals five. Neftaries five. 

 Capfale five-celled, five-angled. 



The corolla, neftary, and ftamens, all vary in the number 

 of their parts, which are fometimes four, generally five, and 

 very rarely fix ; fo that in fa£l the capfule alone forms the 

 effcntial charadler. 



Sp. C. capenfe, Thunb. Diff. p. 43. La Marck in Joum. 

 Hift. Nat. pi. 3. (Diclamnus capenfis, Linn. Supp. Vahl. 

 Symb. 3. p. 58.) A tree. Branches oppofite, or three toge- 

 ther. Leaves oppofite, petioled, egg-lhaped, entire, ever- 

 green. Flowers in terminal panicles, on oppofite, one- 

 flowered peduncles. A native of the Cape of Good Hope. 

 La Marck, in the Journal d'Hilloire Naturtlle, has noticed 

 its near affinity to diftamnii«, under which genus the young- 

 er Linnxus and Vahl have placed it. 



CALOGERL K^^oys^oi, or Caloyers, monks, or reli- 

 gious, in Greece, both male and female ; inhabiting parti- 

 cularly mount Athos, but diffcminated alfo throughout all 

 tlie churches of the Eall. They follow the rule of St. 

 Bafil, and make vows like ti.e wellern religious. Tourne- 

 fort fays, the females are moft of them only a more mode- 

 rate fort of Magdalens, who, as they grow old. mske a vow 

 to praftife thofe virtues they had much negltfted in their 

 youth ; and retire into convents to lead a life fomewhat left 

 fcandalous than before, under the eyes of a fuperior or he- 

 gtimeniffa, who is far from being too fevcre. 



Amongft thefe monks, whatever their name imports, it is 

 not uncommon, fays Sonnini, (Travels in Greece, p. 228.) 

 to meet with young boys, from to to 12 years old, clothed 

 in their habit, which confifts of a plain, long, black gown, 

 confined by a girdle. Thcfe friars, he fays, are very dirty, 

 and very ugly, from the habit which they contrail of ne- 

 glefting their exterior, and of taking care neither of their 

 beard nor hair. Their characSer, he adds, is formed of hy- 

 pocrify, haughty and grofs ignorance, meannefs and treach- 

 ery ; though they wi(h to be reckoned to poflefs great 

 knowledge, and a reputation for fanftity, in order to fecure 

 from the people attention and refpedl. Their vows are obe- 

 dience, chaftity, and abllinence. The firft and laft of thefe 



vows 



