C A L 



tov.'S are obfervcd with fufllcient cxad^ncfs ; but the fc- 

 cond is more generally difrtgarded ; and fonie of tlicm 

 are accufcd of a degree of brutality, in the infiinge- 

 ment of laws wliich nature, more powerful than all the iu- 

 ftitutions of convents, difavows. The Caloycrs, in foinc 

 places, are divided into Csnobites, Anachorites, and Afcc- 

 tics, or hermits ; the hfe of which lad is the moll fevcre 

 and reclufe. 



The Turks alfo ufe the word Caloyers for their dervifes, 

 or religious mufTulmen. See DtRvis. 



CALOGERIZA, in Geography, a town of European 

 Turkey, in the province of Bulgaria ; 64 miles E. of Sofia. 



CALOGERO, St. a town of Sicily, in the valley of 

 Mazara ; 24 miles E. of Mazara, and 2 N. E. of Sacca or 

 Sciacca. — Alfo, a mountain of Sicily, one of the highell in 

 the ifland, next to iEtna, cu the fummit of which is a rcfi- 

 dence of hermits. 



CALOGURO, St. a cape on the eaft coaft of Sicily ; 

 9 miles E. of Lentini. 



CALOIERA, a fmall Greek ifland in the Archipelago ; 

 5 leagues fouth of Andros. 



CALOITIAM, in Zoology, a fpecies of Trichoda of a 

 broadifh oblong fhape, with Hiining horns on the anterior 

 part. Mill. Hijl. Venn. This kind is found in water where- 

 in vegetables have been infufed. It is flat, obtufe at both 

 ends, with a black fpot and a few bridles near the poilerior 

 extremity. 



CALOMEL, in Pharmacy. See Mercury. 



CALONE, in j^ncieiit Geography, a place of Germany, 

 on the route from Lugdunum Batavorum, to Argentora- 

 tum, between Gelduba and Vetera. Itin. Anton. Ccllari- 

 ns places it at Kalen-Hafen ; but M. d'Anville refers it to a 

 paffage of the arm of the river Kelnet or Kendel. It was 

 near the Rhine in Germanica Secunda, S.E. of Colonia 

 Trajana. 



CALONERY Point, in Geography, a cape on the eaft 

 coall of the ifland of St. Vincent ; one mile S. of Young 

 Point. 



CALONI, a town of European Turkey, in the ifland of 

 Metelin, in a gulf to which it gives name, in which are two 

 Greek convents. 



CALONNEA, in Botany. (Buchoz.) See Gal.\rdi.\. 



CALONOSOS, in ^Indent Geography, a mountain of 

 Arabia, at the entrance of the Perfic gulf. Arrian. 



CALOO Sand, lies on the coall of Holland, between the 

 Bodkil to the fouthward, and the call Gat channel to the 

 northward. 



CALOPHYLLUM, in Botany, (xkAo-: heaut'iful ; ^k'.'.ov, 

 a leaf.) Linn. gen. 658. Schreb. fjSy. Willd. 1026. Ga-rt. 

 2\z. Juff. 258. Lam. Illult. PI. .\y). (Calaba, Plum. gen. 

 18. La Marck, Encyc. vol. i. p. 552. Bofc. Nouv. Diet, 

 vol. iv. p. 99.) Clafs and orAer, polyandr'ia monogynia, Linn. 

 Polygamia monacia, Schreb. Nat. ord. Guttiferx, JiilT. 



Gen. Ch. Cal, four, tv\'0 or one-leafed; leaves roundifli, 

 concave, coloured, deciduous, fomttimes wanting. Cnr. 

 petals four, roundifli, concave, fpreading. Stani. filaments 

 numerous, thread-fliaped, fhort ; aiithtrs oblong, ereiff. PU}. 

 germ fuperior.roundilh; llyle thrcjid-disped, the length of the 

 ilamens, or none. Per/V. drupe globular, flefliy. Seed; nut 

 globular, rather acuminate, large. 



Eff. Ch. Cor. four-pctalled. Cal. four-leaved, coloured. 

 Drupe globular. 



Sp. I. C. inophyllum, Linn. Sp. PI. Gxrt. Tab. ^ 5. fig. 

 I. La Marck, PI. 4^7. (Ponna or ponna-maoam, Rheed. 

 mal. 4. Tab. jS. Rai. liiil. 1,125. Bintangor maritima, 

 Rumph. amb. 2. Tab. 71. Arborindica, mali niedicne am- 

 plioribus foliis, Pluk. aim. 41. Tab. 147. hg- i- Iwoph\l- 



VOL. V. 



CAL 



lum, Burm. Ley. 1.10, Tai». rto. /9. C. calnba, Jnrqiiin, 

 Anicr. 267. Tab. 16^.) " Leaves iuvcrfeiy cgg-lhaptd, ob- 

 tufe ; fruit fjihtrical, yellowifli." Lam. A large tree. 

 Triint thick, covered with a blackifli, cracked, alinoll fcily 

 bark , and fupporting a vail umbrageoui liiad. J'oiing linirchii 

 quadrangular. Leaves four or five inches long, and neaily 

 three inches broad, oppufile, obtufe, fometinKS cmarginalc, 

 entire, fmootli on both lides, fhming, coriaceous, on (hort 

 petioles, and remarkable for the numerous, extremely fine, 

 lateral, parallel nerves, which Burman fancied to lefeiiible the 

 fibres of a mnfele diflefted longitudinally, and thence called 

 the tree inophyllum. Flowers while, fragrant, growing on 

 the fmall branches in fliort, oppofite, axillary racemes, or ra- 

 ther, if La Marck's figure be accurate, umbels ; fome with 

 only ftamens mixed with the others in the fame raceme or 

 umbel. Fruit very refinous or oily ; k,;rnel at firft fwcet, 

 afterwards bitter. La Marck obfervts, that the calaba of 

 Jacquin can fcarccly be called a variety, differing only in be- 

 ing rather fmaller in all its parts, and, as Jacquin fnlpcded, 

 having none of the peculiar charadteis of the next fpecies, to 

 which it has been erroncoufly united by Linnius. When 

 the bark is wounded, there exudes a vifcous, ycUowilh fluid, 

 which thickens and hardens in the air, and is the refin im- 

 ported by the French from Madagafear, and the Ifle de 

 France, under the name of Tacamaqne. It is alfo called 

 green balfam, or balfam of the Virgin Mary, and is ufed at 

 a vulnerary. According to Dutour (Nouv. Did.), that 

 which is produced by the Weft Indian variety is of a deeper 

 green colour. A native of the Eaft and Weft Indies, and 

 of the Society Ifles, and New Caledonia. 2. C. calaba, 

 Linn. Sp. PI. (Tsjerou-ponna, Rheed, Mal. 4. p. 81. 

 Tab. 59. Rai. Hift. 1537.) " Leaves egg-(haped ; fruit 

 inverfely egg-ftiaped, very red." Leaves only half as large 

 as thofe of the preceding fpecies, more finely veined, not in- 

 verfely egg-fhaped. Fruit a little elongated, refembling 

 that of the cornus mas, or cornelian cherry. It is taten by 

 the natives, and an oil is exprefled from the kernel, which 

 ferves for lamps. A native of the Eaft Indies. ^ C. acu- 

 minatum. La Marck, Enc. (Bintangor fylveflri?, Rumph. 

 Amb. 2. p. 26. Tab. 72 :) " Leaves oblorg-egg-fliaped, 

 acute ; fruit cgg-fliaped, acuminate." It differs from the 

 two preceding in the fliape of llie fruit, and of its leaves, 

 which are alio lefs fnioolh, tiud kfs finely veined. A iiati\c 

 of Java, and the Moliu-ea lil^ds. 



CALnpnvLLUM_/&.'«\f tripeJi:!ili:s, Brown, Jam. 2 JJ. Sec 

 G R 1 A s cauhifiorit. 



Calophylli;m nagnjfarmm, Durm. ind. 121. See Mesua 

 ferrea. 



CALOPIN,\CO, in Geography, a fmall river of Naples, 

 in Farther Calabria. 



CALOPUS, in Euivnology, a genus of Coleoptera, 

 having filiform antenna; ; feelers four, ths anterior pair cla- 

 vated, and thofe behi.-.d tihiorm ; thor?.x gibbous ; wing- 

 cafes linear. 



This is one of the new Fabrician genera, including three 

 fpecies of the Linnxan cerambyce.';, ierraticornis, hifpicor- 

 nis, and pvgmxus, whicli fee reipeCtivtly. 



CAI.,OR, \n /JncienI Geography, Cahre, a river of Italy, 

 in Samninni, which rofe ip the n-.ountains of the Hirpini, 

 pafled Beneventum, and difcharged ilfelf into the Vultui- 

 nus. — Alfo, a river of Italy, i:» the country of the Pietn- 

 tini, probably between Tanager and Sihirun. 



CALORIC, a name originally given by the authors of 

 the new French Chemical Nomenclature, to that fubllance 

 by whofe influence the phenomena of heat arc produced, 

 and which had before been diftinguilhcd by the terms igr.eout 

 JIuiJ, matter oj' heat, and other analogous denominations. 



1 K There 



