C A L 



which conditLited one of the Olympic games. This race 

 was inllituted in the yjfl Olympiad, am), to;;cther with the 

 ♦' Apene," abohdicd in the 84tli. In tliis race, the riders 

 were accullomed, like the AnabntK, to lc;ip from tlie backs 

 of tlie mares towards tlie lall ftapje or period of tlie courfe , 

 and laying hoid of the bridles, they linilhed the race in that 

 manner. Weft's Pindar, vol. iii. p. 143. 



CALPENTEEN, in Gcop-aphy, an ifland in the Indian 

 fea, near the weft coaft of the illand of Ceylon, about 40 

 miles long and fix broad. N. lat. S°. E. long. 79° r^o'. 

 — Alfo, a town of Ceylon, oppolite to this idand. N. i,it. 8" 

 I j'. E. long. 79" 50'. Pcrclval, in his " Account of the 

 Ifland of Ceylon," (p. 107.) informs us, that a company or 

 two of Malays is flationed here, and that when he left the 

 ifland, it was commanded by a Dutch officer, who had en- 

 tered into the Englidi fervlce, and who received this ap- 

 pointment from governor North. This, he adds, is one of 

 the bell places on the whole ifland for game ; and between 

 this and Putallom, at a fmall diftance, the coaft is remark- 

 able for its falt-pans, which are formed by an arm of the 

 fea which overflows part of the country between thefe two 

 places. The Dutch manufaftured, on this part of the ifland, 

 a large quantity of fait, which they confidered as very im- 

 portant to their interefts, and the moll formidable weapon 

 which it was in their power to employ againfl the native 

 king, who could not procure any fait but by their means. 

 Since the Englifli took pofleflion of the ifland, this manu- 

 fafture has been almoft whofly neglefted. It is capable, 

 however, of being rendered very profitable, as it is tlie only 

 one of the kind on this fide of the ifland, and the moil con 

 veniently fituated for fupplymg the king of Candy's domi- 

 nions 



CALPENY, one of the Laccadive iflands, in the Indian 

 Sea. N. lat. 10° /;'. E. long. 7.3° 29'. 



CALPOLALPAN, a mountain in New Mexico, which 

 abounds with quarries of jafper and marble of dilTtrent co- 

 lours. 



CALPRENDE, Gautier de Costks, in Biography, 

 a refpcdlable writer of romances, was born in the dioceie of 

 Cahors, and educated at Tonloufe. In i'^3J, he entered 

 into the regiment of guards at Paris, obtained a penfion 

 from the queen, and beeame gentleman in ordinary of the 

 king's bed'chambcr. The firft pieces by which he made 

 himfelf known as a writer, were compofed for the theatre, 

 and his " Mithridates" appeared in 1635. -^^ ^^^^> I'ow- 

 ever, chiefly diltinguiflied by his romances, in the compo- 

 fition of which he has the nv-rit of invention. Thefe were 

 his " CafTandra," '• Cleopatra," and " Pharamond," each 

 confifting of 10 or [2 large volumes in 8vo., which by their 

 novelty, and the variety of adventures contained In them, at- 

 trafted attention for fome time, but gradually funk by their 

 prolixity into oblivion. He alfo wrote tragedies, the befl; of 

 which is his " Earl of Eflex," from which Boyer copied 

 fome fcenes in his tragedy of the fame title. His charafter 

 was refpe(fiable, and he was employed in fome foreign nego- 

 tiations. His death was occafioned by an accident in Au- 

 guft 166;. Nouv. Dia. Hid. 



CALPURNIAN Law, in Roman ylntlquky , a law pro- 

 pofed by L. Calpurnins Pifo, tribune of the people, in the 

 beginning of the third Punic war, during the confulfliip of 

 L. Marcius Cenforinus, and M. Manilius, A. U. 604 ; and 

 ■wifely defigncd to reftrain the avarice and injuftice of the 

 Roman magiftrates, by which the fl.ates, whom the gover- 

 nors of provinces had opprefled and plundered, were autho- 

 rized to apply to the judges for reftitution of what had been 

 unj'iftly taken from them : hence called " de pecuniis repe- 

 tundis." In confeqijence of this law, the tribune Calpurnius 



CAT, 



protably acqniied the honourable finnamc of " I'rugi," (ir 



lioncrt man. 



CALPITRNI.ANA, in /tnaent Geography, a town of 

 Spain, placid by Ptolemy in Bccticu, in the ttriitory of 

 the TniJ\ili, and mentioned in the Itincrarv of Aniouiiie. 



CALPURN'IUS, or Calphurnius.Titis, in A'/V 

 grnphy, a Latin Sicih-.n poet, who lived about the latter 

 part ot the third century, under the emperors Ci'rus, C'ari- 

 luis, and I\';inier'ar.n3. Seven of his ecloguis are t.vtaiil ; tin: 

 firll ot wliich was compofed on tlie acceliioii of the emperor 

 Carus, in which we may perufe, with plcafure and contempt, 

 thecflufions of congratulation and flattery. Two fliepherds, 

 avoidi: g tlie noontide heat, retire into t!ie cave of I'auniis. 

 On a fpreadlng beach they dlfcover fome recent chara<SrrK. 

 The rural deity had defcribcd, in proplictic vcrfes, the feli- 

 city promlfed to the empire, under the reign of fo great a 

 prince. Faunus hails the approach of that hero, wlio, re- 

 ceiving on his flioiildcrs the finking weight of the Roman 

 world, flrall extinguilh war and faction, and once again rc- 

 ilore the innocence and fecurity of the golden age. Tlio 

 defign of this eclogue is preferred by Fontenelle to that of 

 Virgil's PoUio. Cut notwithllanding fome agreeable de- 

 fcription of rural objedls, which marks thefe eclogues, they 

 manifeft the declining ta'.le of the age by a want of purity 

 in the ftyle, and of nature in the fentiments. Editions of 

 them have been given by I'artliius, Hanov. 8vo. J 61 J ; in 

 the " Poetx Rci Venat." Leyd. 172S, 4to. ; and in the 

 " Poeta; Latini minores," Leyd. 17.J1, 4to. Vofl". Poet. 

 Lat. Nouv. Did. Plilt. Gibbon's Hill. vol. ii. p. 9,,'. 



CALPY, in Geography, a town of Hindoollan, in the 

 country of Agra, feated on the fouth bank of the JumnaU 

 river; 98 miles S.W. from Lncknow ; 11', N.W. fnwn 

 Allahabad; 160 S.E. of Agra; 2J9 miles N.W. of Be- 

 nares; 277 S.E. from Delhi; 821 N.E. of Bombay; 

 S04 N.W. from Caicutta bv Moorfliedabad ; 7i5 nearly 

 N. from Hydrabad. N. lat. '26^ 7' 15". E. long. 80° 4'. 

 CALC^UING, or Calking, a term in Painting, &c. 

 ufed where the backfidc of any delign is covered with black 

 lead or red chalk ; and the ilrokes or lines traced through 

 on a waxed plate, w:,ll, or other matter ; by pafTing lightly 

 over each llroke of the delign with a point, which leaves an 

 imprcflTion of the coloiu- on the plate or wall. This method 

 of off-tracing may likewife be performed by pricking the ori- 

 ginal print, or drawing, and tranfinitting coloured powder 

 through the punftured holes, in order to mark the outlines 

 of a new ground ; or, by diflolving part of the printing ink 

 by means of foap, and impreffing it in that (late on a frefli 

 ground. See Designing. 



CALTAGE'R0NE,inGf<j-n7/>/7.SeeCAi.ATAGiR0NK. 

 CALTARO, a town of Dalmatia, in the republic of 

 Ragufa ; 24 miles N. of Ragiifa. 



CALTHA, in Botany, (luppofed to be derived from 

 xaXxOo;, a baflict, alluding to the fliapcof the flower.) Linn. 

 gen. 70.J. Schieb. 957. Willd. 1090. Ga;rt. 6yi. Jufl". 

 2,34. (Populago, Toiirn.) Clafs and orii^r, polyaudria poly- 

 gynia. Nat. ord. Mtihiftli'pi^, Linn. Ranunciilaccs, JulT. 



Gen. Ch. Cdl. none. Cnrul. Petals five or more, egg- 

 ftiaped, flat, fpreading, deciduous. Slam. Filaments nume- 

 rous, thread-fliaped, ihorter than the corolla ; anthers ertft, 

 obtnfe, comprtifed. Fiji, germs fuperior, from four to fif- 

 teen or fixteen, ereil, oblong, comprcifed ; ftyle none, ftig- 

 mas fimple. Peric. Capfules fhort, acuminate, fpreading, 

 opening at the upper or inner future. Seiih numerous, ob- 

 long, cgg-fhaped, fmooth, affixed to the upper future in a 

 double row. 



Efl". Char. Calyx none. Pitals five or more. NcHarUs 

 none. Capfula feveral, many-feed«d. 



" Sp. I. 



444046 



