c: A f. 



r-,b.4.% idg.'aot. '■,06. Ho.-. Da... 66S. Ox.t. lab. 

 , kS Lam. 111. PI. ^o6. Marfli marigold, or meatiow-bowts ; 

 , , Voiklhirc. valcr-blobs. " Sum oca ; fiowcrs ycl- 

 ' ,«• l.irtre." Poirel in Kncvc. i?30/ perennial, fibrous. 

 Vv„, a loot nil J half high, hollow, a little branched, leafy, 

 roiiiidiOi, furrowed. /.Mi'" between heart and Icidncy- 

 Ihaped, aciiltlv fcollopal, veined, fmooth, of a deep dim- 

 m" K'«" ; root-leaves on long, luiUow, femi-cyhndncal 

 pcuoles, fometinies cntirt ; the others alternate, and nearly 

 fellile UtifiiltJ brown, membranous, withering, l/oivers 

 h. all their parts of a golden hue, axillary, folitary, on iim- 

 pie peduncles ; the inner row of filaments with broad an- 

 thers ; the outer twice as long, cljb-fhaped, with coiti- 

 preQed anthers. The young buds are pickled as a fubftitute 

 for cipcrs, wliich they greatly rcfca.ble in form, and ac- 

 cording to Dr. Smith, perhaps equal in merit ; for both are 

 acrid, and onlv rendered eatable by the acid pickle. The 

 true caper biids are eafdy dittinguinied by their fimple 

 (Term. There is a double variety frequent in gardens ; but 

 The flower in its fingle form is larger, and, as Dr. Smith 

 fuftly obferves, to the admirer of genuine nature, much 

 more btautiful. Its only advantage is that it is more du- 

 rable. The juice of the petals, boiled with alum, flams 

 paper yellow. A native of England and of all the northern 

 pans of Europe, Afia, and America. 2. C. tiatdns, Willd. 

 Foiret in Encyc. vol. v. p. 568. Gmel. Sibir. 4. p. 192. 

 Tab. S2. " Stem procumbent, floating ; flowers fmallcr, 

 white, red at the edge." Foiret. It agrees in general habit 

 with the preceding fpecies, but is lefs in all its parts. .C/7/>- 

 J'lilet triangular. Perennial. Found by Gmelin and Pallas 

 in Siberia. 

 .Caltha a/^wfl, Tabem.ic.3j6. Sec Arnica montona. 

 Caltha, Burin. Zeyl. Tab. 22, fig. i. See Verbesina 

 caltndulacea. 



Caltha nfuinalis. Scop. ; arvenfis, C. Bauh. ; minima, 

 J. Bauh. See Calendula arvenfis. 



Caltha vulgaris, C. Bauh. See Calendula ojfumalis. 

 Caltha mjW/;md, Tourn. intt. 499. See Calendula 

 incana. 



C ii-T H K afr'tcana Jlore extus ferru{ineo, Morif. hid. j. Tab. 

 3. fig. 8. See Calendvla pluvialis. 



Caltha /emine majore obhn^o, Breyn. Tab. 14. fig. 2. 

 See C A L E N D c L A hybrida. 



Cm.t » h fimine piano cordato, Boerhav. Lugd, See Ca- 

 lendula nudisaidLs. 



Caltha J'ollis croci anguji'ts, Boerhav. Lugd. See Ca- 

 lendula griiminiJlHa. 



CALTH.£, in Entomology, the fpecies of Chermes 

 that feeds on the flowers of the caltha palullris, whence its 

 name. Linn. Fn. Siiec. 



Obf. The antenna: are black at the tip ; thorax rufous 

 with three black curves; wings white with ycllowirti veins, 

 and a brown dot. 



CALTHELLA, a fpecies of Phal/ena, in the Ti- 

 nea family, the anterior wings of which arc entirely golden ; 

 and the head ferruginous. L'.nn. Fn. Suec. Frequent in 

 Europe, on the flowers of caltha palullris. Its fize is fmall. 

 This IS tinea rufimctalla of the Vienna catalogue. 



CALTIORISSA, in /Indent Geography, a town of Afia, 

 in Lcfler Armenia, according to Ptolemy, marked in the 

 Itinerary of Antonine on the route between Nicopolis and 

 Satala. 



CALTROP, or Calthrop, in Military Language, an 

 inftrumcnt with four iron points, each three or four inches 

 long, difpofed triangularwife ; fo that there are always 

 three points bearing on the earth, the fourth being in the 



C A I, 



air. Several of thefe, fixed in the ground, or llirown irita 

 breaches where the cavalry is to pafs, flick into the Ixife* 

 feet and cmbarrafs thtin. 



An iiillrument of this kind with three iron fpikes is ufed 

 in Siberia, &c. in hunting the wolf. 



CALTROPS, in Botany. SeeTRiBULVS. 

 Caltrops, -water. See Trapa. 



CALTURA, in Geography, a fortrefs of the iflaiid of 

 Ceylon, at the mouth of a river, which is one of the larg- 

 cft branches of the Muliwaddy, and is here about a mile 

 broad. It wafhes two fides of the fort which commands it, 

 and is navigable by boats to the fea. The eminence on 

 which the fSit Hands overhangs the river, and commands an 

 extenfive and moll pifturefque profpeft. This fort from its 

 fituation is capable of being rendered a very llrong poll. The 

 commanding officer prefides in the court of juftice, and de- 

 termines all difputes among the peafants. The fca, the ef- 

 planade, and the village on the outfide of the fort, as well 

 as the beautiful furrounding country, render Caltuia a very 

 delightful fecne. Some trails of cinnamon are fcattered up 

 and down in the vicinity of it : and a little way foutii of it is 

 the termination of that fertile di(lri£l of Columbo which 

 contains fo great a proportion of the wealth of Ceylon. 

 About 10 miles from Caltura is a temple of " Buddou," 

 built on a flat fpace, cut out of a fmall hill. It is a fmali 

 fquare building, conftrudled of brick, with a Hoping tiled 

 roof, and a gallery furrounding it. In an apartment of this 

 temple, the image of the deity, about 12 feet long, lay re- 

 clining on his fide, with his right hand under his head : the 

 place was illuminated with lamps, and flowers in abundance 

 were fpread around. The walls were daubed with flreaks 

 of red, black, and white paint ; and on them were marked 

 fome Cinglefe charafters. Near the temple were a few huts 

 for the prieils. The country about Caltura abounds with 

 game, and certain native manufaftures are carried on to a 

 confiderable extent arou'd it. A great quantity of arrack 

 is made from the groves of cocoa trees, which extend fe- 

 veral miles in every diredlion, forming from Columbo to 

 Caltura, and fevcral miles beyond it, one continued grove. 

 Here is alfo a large plantation of fugar-canes, and a diftiU 

 lery of rum is carried on by fome Dutchmen, who refide in 

 the village and neighbourhood ; but this rum is much in- 

 ferior in quahty to that of the Well Indies. Six miles on- 

 ward from Caltura lies " Barbareen," a fmall village, with a 

 fort of harbour lormed by a projection of land where the ri» 

 ver runs into the fea. This is almoll the only place where 

 the high furf and rocky fliore on this coaft allow (hip-boats 

 of European conllruftion to land. At Barbareen there is 

 a confiderable manufaClory of cordage and cables from the 

 cocoa-tree. Large quantities are fent from hence to Co- 

 lumbo and Point de Gallc, to fupply the veffels which trade 

 to thefe ports. A few miles further hes " Bentot," only- 

 remarkable for producing the bell oyfters on the illand, and 

 almoll the only fpecies ufed on the iiland as food. Caltura 

 is dillant about 28 miles fiom Columbo. N. lat. 6^ 34'. 

 E. long. 79° 50'. Percival's Ceylon. See Columbo and 

 Point de Galle. 



CALVA Serpentis DiADEMA, in Tejlaceology, one of 

 the fynonyms of Chiton Punctatus, £p]}. Nat. Cur. &c. 

 Sec Punctatus. 



CALVADOS, in Geography, a ridge of rocks, near the 

 coaft of France, 12 miles in length. N. lat. 49° 22'. W. 

 long. 0° 51' to 0° 32'. 



Calvados, one of the five departments fo called from the 

 long ridge of rocks above-mentioned, formed of Normandy 

 and the north part of Perche. It is bounded on the nortli 

 by the Channel ; on the eall by the department of Eure ; 



«n 



I 



