GENERATION. 



thh part is perforated by tlio fc-ininal diicrs. It has been 

 p.'.rticularly defcribed by Mr. Home ?.s forming a third lobe 

 of the prollate. See the deftriplion of a fmall lobe of the 

 human prollate gland in the Pliilof. Tranfad. 1806, pt. I. 



The cxt'jrnal furface of the prollate is covered by a more 

 or lefs dillinifl; cellular invcftmcnt, which is the n;oft com- 

 plete below, and furrouiided by numerous v^fcular ramitica- 

 tioiis, particularly of the ve;!Ous kind. For an account of 

 fome mufcular fibres connefted to it, fee Co.MPnESsoR. 



Its flrufture is rather cbfcure ; for it does net con- 

 ftitute a fimple gland with cue excretory cavity, nor is it 

 feparable into fmaller conftituent portions. It is dcnfe and 

 very finn to the feci, apparently iiomogeneoas when cut into, 

 of a light brown colour, and on the whole conijderably re- 

 fembling a fcirrhous mafs. Small cavities are fcattered 

 through it, and excretory dufts, from 7 or 8, to 12 or 15 

 in number, continued from thefe, open into the commcncc- 

 ir.eriL of the urethra, on each fide of the caput gallinaginis. 

 From thef' opea!n:;3, a white and thickiih fluid may be 

 espreffed in coniidemble abundance: it differs eflentially 

 in its colour from th.U contained in the vcficulx feminale?. 



Cozvpr's glands, ai-e two fniall glandular mafles, fo named 

 from the anatomill who particularly defcribed them, and 

 publilhed figures of them ; fee his Defcriptio glandularum, 

 quarundam nuper deteftarum, &c. 17C2, They have alio 

 been called the inferior, or fmaller proflates, or glandulx 

 acceffori^ ; they are of aroundifh or oval figure, rather flat- 

 tened, about the fize of a pea, placed on each fide of the 

 lower end of the bulb of the urethra, and covered by the 

 accelerator mufcle. They may be eafily demonftrated by 

 cutting through the middle of that mulcle, and reflediing it 

 towards each fide : they are of a reddidi-grey colour, and 

 compofed of many little portions, united together by cellu- 

 lar fubftance. £ach of them has a feparate excretory duft, 

 about half an inch in length, running obliquely forwards, 

 and opening into the urethra by an aperture, which will ad- 

 mit a hog's briftle. They fecrete a mucous fluid, of a rcd- 

 diili colour, w!iich affifts in lubricating the lining of the 

 urethra. According to Morgagni, they are fometimes want- 

 ing. Haller has aUvays found them, when he fought for 

 theiTi carefully. Ccwpcr dcfcribes a third gland as being 

 placed vnder the pubcs in the curve of the urethra ; but 

 this has not in general been adciitted. 



The Penis. — After this defcription of the organs, which 

 fecrete and preferve the feminal fluid, or form other liquors 

 which are added to the produce of the telticles, we proceed 

 to ihew how this ic conveyed to the place of its deftination 

 in the fomale. The urethra is a common pafiage for the 

 femen and urine, commencing at the bladder, continued along 

 the penis to its extremity, at which it opens, and facilitating, 

 by its coimeftion with this organ, the tranfmifiion of the 

 fecundating liquor to the germs prepared in the generative 

 parts CI the female. The penis is a very leading charafteriii 

 the ftrafture of the male, and is the feat of enjoyment in the 

 aft of copulation. Its form is elongated, and nearly cylin- 

 drical -f it is placed at the middle and lower part of the ab- 

 domen, in front of the fymphyfis pubis, and at the bifurcation 

 of the lower limbs. When not ercfted it is foft and pendent, 

 hanging in front of the fcrotum. Its length and fize are not 

 conftant, even in this condition, in the f?.me individual : for 

 there are numerous degrees between the conliderable dimi- 

 nution of bulk produced by the operation of cold, und the 

 fweUmg, which precedes erectiou, in any of which the org:in 

 may be found according to circumftances ; yet there is a 

 middle ilate, in which it is commonly found, which is not 

 the fame in all individuals. In the eredtcd ft..,te it is 

 lengthened, enhrged, changed in its diredlion, and rendered. 



by the fweliing of the urethrs, fomcv.hal triangular: a flight 

 curvature may be obferved in it at this time, adapted to t!ie 

 dircdlion of the vagina. The increafe in the length and fize 

 of the penis is always the fame in the fame individual : and 

 it is more confiderable in proportion as the dimenfions cf tjie 

 organ in its ilate of repofe are greater ; but tJiis is not con- 

 flant. We may notice a fuperior and i'lferiur furface, two 

 fides, an anterior and a poilericr extremity. 



The upper furface, named the dori"um, or back of the 

 penis, is inchncd forwards ; it is turned tov.-ards the abdomen, 

 and becomes pollerior in the erefted itatc. A large vein 

 runs along its middle, and fometimes there are two trunks. 

 The inferior furface, turned backwards, is placed ngainftlhc 

 front of the fcrotum; it forms a prominent line from the 

 courfe of the urethra, and tiie integuments in this fituation 

 have a longitudinal rough mark, called the raphe, continuoun 

 with a fimilar part in the fcrotum. On each fide of this mid- 

 dle prominence there is a fuperficial depreflion, where the 

 urethra ii in contaft with the corpora cavernofa. The two 

 fides of th'.- penis are rounded. The poilerior extremity, 

 ca'led alio the root of the penis, is divided into three psrtions, 

 which will be prefently defcribed, wa. tlie urethra in the 

 middle, and the two corpora cavernofa, one en each fide. 

 The anterior extremity prefents the glans and prepuce. 



The penis is made up of various parts, each of which 

 ferves fome particular purpofe in the funftions of the organ, 

 confidered as an inflrument of reproduction, ift. The cor- 

 pora cavernofa, making up its chief bulk, foft and loofe in 

 the fl:ate of repole, are fo organized as to become very fud- 

 denly incrcafed in fize and hardnefs, in confequence of the 

 operation of certain ilimuli. By thefe the penis is rendered 

 capable of introduftion into the female vagina. 2dly. The 

 urethra, by which the fecundating liquor is conveyed, is a 

 membranous canal, furrouiidedbya vafcular fubftance, called 

 corpus fpongiofum, which is fulccptiblr of the fame change 

 in erection as the corpora cavernofa. 3<llv. The glans is a 

 fm^all organ, coniifting of a continuation of the corpus fpongi- 

 ofum, covered by a highly organized and aculeiy fenfibls 

 fkin, the excitation of which, in the aft of coition, deter- 

 mines the difcharge of the feminal fluid through the urethra. 

 The penis pofTelTes an extir.ial cutaneous covering, which is 

 fimply contiguous to the glans, but united to the corpora 

 cavernofa and uret!,ra by cellular fubftance. 



The corpora cavernofa, ct crura feiiis, are two nearly cv- 

 lindric;J bodies, of a very firm texture, united laterally in 

 the greatell part of their length, but feparatcd frcm each 

 other behind, hke the branches of the letter Y, and termi- 

 nating by fiender, conical, and pointed extremities. Thefe, 

 fixed behind to the rami of the ifcixia a-rd pubes, advance for- 

 wards and inwards, approximating to each other. In front 

 of the fymphyfis pubis they come in contact, or rather, are 

 confounded together in one tingle body, the uze of which is 

 unifi^rm tlu-oughout, except in front, where it terminates bv 

 a blunt extremity. The feparate origin of the two lateral 

 portions has led anatoir.ifts in gcivral to fpcak of the corpora 

 ea-ixrnofa in the plural number; but their confolldation into 

 one body has induced S.ibatier, and fome other modem 

 authors, to admit only a fingle carpus caverr.ofum, bifiu'catcd 

 behind for a double infertion into the pelvis. The fingle 

 body, foniied by the union of the two crura, to which the 

 buik and firmnefs ot the penis are almoft entirely owing, is 

 flattened above and below, and prefents two furfaces, a fu- 

 perior and an inferior, on each of which there is a longitu- 

 dinal groove, correfpondmg to the feptum, which is within 

 the corpus cavernofuro. That of the upper furface is the 

 fmaheft, and lodges the great veins of the penis; the infe- 

 rior, broader and deeper, receives the urethra, to which it i» 



i;^;itcd 



