GEN 



peace with France and Savoy reftored the republic to its 

 former lituation, at the cominencement of the war. In 

 1636, the Spaniards attempted to furprife the city ; but 

 their enterprife was frudralcd ; and from this time till the 

 year 1656, Genoa enjoyed all the bleffings of peace and 

 commerce. In the folU)wing yoar Hippolito Centurioni, 

 the Genoefe admiral, gained fcveral advantages over the 

 corfairs of Barbary, which paved the way for a treaty 

 of commerce that was concluded with the piratical 

 ftates, and the grand fignior. The treaty with the 

 Porte was confiderably extended by the marquis Du- 

 razzo, who went in quality of ambaffador to Conftanti- 

 nople in the year i666. The refult of this treaty re- 

 newed the vigour of the Genoefe trade, to a pitcii beyond 

 what any of tiie maritime towns had experienced fince llie 

 Dutch founded their commercial repul)lic, and extended 

 their trade not only to the Levant, but to every (Quarter of 

 the globe. For fomc years Genoa lived ui peace witli all 

 the neighbouring powers, enjoyed domeilic harmony, and 

 afiiduoufly cultivated commerce, and whatever (hould render 

 the republic powerful and hap) y. Some little jealoufies 

 and differences arofe between her and Venice, the filler and 

 rival republic ; but they were fuch as terminated amicably, 

 and never cauled any diiturbancc to the repole of Italy. 

 In the year 1684, the Genoefe unfortunately incurred the 

 rcfentment of Lewis XIV., who looked with jealoufy on 

 their attachment to Spain ; and could not bear to fee the 

 republic under the proteftion of that crown. His attempts 

 for humbling them proved too fuccefsful ; but in confe- 

 quenceof their fubmifiion, and the interpofition of the pope, 

 peace was obtained. The terms ftipulated by the French 

 were peculiarly fevere and opprefilve ; among others, they 

 required that the doge and four counfellors (hould appear in 

 perfon at Verfailles,- in order to fue for pardon ; and that 

 the flate (hould difarm all their gallies, fix excepted, with a 

 promife not to fit out more, without the knowledge and 

 confcnt of the king. During the enfuing war, kindled by 

 the ambition of Lewis, which embroiled the greateft part 

 of Europe, the republic of Genoa adhered wifely to a 

 neutrality, and enjoyed the advantages of peace and com- 

 merce, while the dominions of their neighbour, Viftor 

 Amadeus, duke of Savoy, underwent all the calamities of 

 war. In 1713, Charles VI. fold the marquifate of Finale 

 to the republic for a confiderable fum of money. In 1743, 

 the queen of Hungary, liaving at the treaty of Worms ceded 

 to the king of Sardinia all her rights to the town and mar- 

 quifate of Finale, and demanding that the Genoefe fhould 

 deliver up the marquilate, they entered into an alliance with 

 France, Spain, and Naples; and, in 1745, declared war 

 againft the king of Sardinia who had made himfelf mafter 

 of a great part of the ftate ; feveral Genoefe ports were 

 bombarded by an EngUfh fleet ; and the Imperiahfts feized 

 upon the city of Genoa j but after a dreadful flaughter on 

 both fides, they were again driven out by the inhabitants ; 

 and, in 1747, mifcarried m their attempt to recover it. The 

 treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748, reftored its tranquillity. 

 The ancient nobility confi ft of 28 famiUes, whom Andrew 

 Doria, in 1528, feparated from all the reft, and declared to 

 be only capable of holding the chief offices and dignity of 

 doge ; all the oth -r inhabitants being reduced by him to the 

 clals of commoners. Since that time it has been found necef- 

 iary to create other nobility. The nobility of Genoa were 

 allowed to keep manufactures of velvet, filk, and cloth ; 

 to farm the duties, and to have (hares in merchant velfelo ; 

 but all other bulinefs and handicrafts were forbidden. The 

 form of government in this republic was ariftocratical ; the 

 chief being called doge. This government continued till 



GEN 



the year 1798, when the French form was chofcn, and th« 

 new ftyle aliumed of the Ligurian republic, confirmed by 

 the more recent treaty of February 180 1. The troops of 

 this ftate, including the militia, may amount to about 

 30,000 ; and the fleet, anciently fo celebrated for its vic- 

 tories over the Saracens, the Pifans, the Venetians, Spaniards, 

 and Turks, and for maintaining during a long period a con- 

 fiderable dominion over Sardinia, Corfica, Malta, Majorca, 

 Minorca, Candia, Cyprus, and many other places in and 

 near the Mediterranean and Archipelago, and even the 

 Black fea, the Crimea and other parts, is now reduced to a 

 few gallies. 



GcNOA, or Janua, frequentl)-, though corruptly, called 

 by the Latin writers Januta, is the capital of the country 

 dcfcribed in the preceding article. It is fituated partly on 

 a level ftrand near the fea, and in part rifcs gradually to the 

 top of the hill. It is about 10 miles in circumference, and 

 is defended towards the land by a double wall. Several 

 baftions are erefted along the fea-(hore, on rocks which 

 appear above the water. The ftreets are in general narrow, 

 but clean and well paved ; two of which, called the " Strada 

 Nuova" and " Strada Balbi," are filled with magnificent 

 palaces, fronted with marble. It is the fee of an archbiftiop. 

 The cathedral is built in the Gothic ftyle, and paved with 

 black and white marble ; in the trealury is preferved a 

 curious hexagonal difli, faid to be made of a fingle emerald, 

 found at Cxfarca in the time of the Crufades, which the 

 Genoefe received as their fiiare of the plunder. Befides the 

 cathedral, it contains 32 pari(h churches, fome of which are 

 magnificent, and adorned with fculptures and piftures by 

 the beft mafters. The doge's palace is large, without deco- 

 ration, except two ftatues of John Andrew Doria, and 

 Andrew Doria, larger than life, at the entrance. The 

 arfenal contains arms for 34,000 men, models for bridges, 

 the armours worn by a number of the Genoefe women in 

 the crufades, a fhicld containing 120 piftols, made by 

 Juhus Caifar Vacche, for the purpofe of adadinating the 

 doge and fenate at one time. Other public buildings are 

 the Albergo, which ferves as a poor-houfe, and houfe of 

 correfticn, where is a beautiful relievo, the Virgin fupport- 

 ing a dead Chrift, by Michael Angelo, and the affnmption 

 of the Virgin, in white marble, by Puget, an inimitable 

 piece of fculpture ; a large hofpital for t!*.e fick of all 

 nations and religions ; the confervatory, for educating and 

 portioning 300 poor girls ; and a great number of palaces 

 belonging to the nobility ; and the number of convents for 

 men and women is reckoned to be 69. Such was the ftate 

 of Genoa before the late revolution ; what devaftation it has 

 fuffered by its new mafters, we are not able to fay. It is 

 certain, that the fiege in 1799 was very deftruftive. The 

 harbour is large and deep, but expofed to the fouth-weft 

 wind ; but it has a mole for the fecurity of gallies and fmall 

 vefifels ; neverthelefs the city is much expofed to a bombard- 

 ment. The number of inhabitants is eftimated at 80,000. 

 N. lat. 44° 25'. E. long. 8^ 58'. 



Genoa Bar, a reef of rocks, extending fome miles from 

 the north coaft of the ifland of Bahama. N. lat. 26° 20'. 

 W. long. 79" 36'. 



Genoa Balfam, in Msclkins, the name of a famous com- 

 pofition, called alfo the balfam of Aquapendentc. Its great 

 virtues are the curing pains in the extremities of the body, 

 and allaying the violent pains in the bowels, to which many 

 women are fubjeft after delivery. The prefcription is given 

 at large in Velfcius, but the medicine is now out of ufe. 



GENOLA, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Stura ; three miles N. E. of Savigliano. 



GENOLHACj a town of France, in the department of 



the 



