GEN 



or not. In which fenfe the word occurs in Ammianus, Au- 

 'fonius, and the Notitia Imperii. 



Gen'TILIS was alfo ufed, in a more peculiar fenfe, for 

 all ftrangers, or foreigners, not fubjcft to the Roman empire ; 

 as we fee in the Theodofian Code, in the title " De Nuptiis 

 Gentilium ;" where the word gentiles ilands oppofeJ to pro- 

 vinciaks, or the inhabitants of the provinces of the em- 

 pire. 



The word is likewife ufed, in this fenfe, in the Greek; 

 'but it was not introduced either into that, or the Latin 

 tongue, till after Chriftianity was eftabliflied ; it being taken 

 from fciipture. See Esquire and Gkntleman. 



GENTILESCHI, Orazio, in jB;'o^,-n^%, a painter, born 

 at Pifa in 1563. His parental name was Lonii, but he chofe 

 to adopt that of his maternal unci-. He lirft learnt the arc 

 under his half brother Aurelio Lomi, but afterwards ftudied 



GEN 



cipal profeffor of law. His fame extended very far, and he 

 received invitations to fettle at feveraluniverfities, and one from 

 pope Clement VIII. to fettle at Bologna, which he declined. 

 He died at Altdorf in 1616, leaving behind him many works 

 as monuments of his deep erudition. Thefe were after- 

 wards collefted and printed in 8 vols. 410. ; they are chiefly 

 on fubjedls connefted with jurilprtidence. As a teach.er, his 

 manner was clear and interefting. He was a good Latin 

 poet, and tranflated feveral of the Pfalms, and the hrll two 

 cantos of Taflo's Jerufalem. Bayle. 



GENTILIS, Gentii.is, was born at Fohgni, in Italy, 

 about the year 1230. He Itudied medicine under the tui- 

 tion of Thaddeus of Florence, with great diligence and rt;- 

 .putation, fo that on his return to his native fdace he was re- 

 garded by his fellow-cidzens as the firll pliyfician of the 

 time ; and his fame foon extended through Italy. He was 



at Rome. After diflingui.'hing himfelf at Florence, Turin, 'alfo efteemed one of the beft commentators upon Avicenna, 



and Genoa, he paffed to Savoy and France, and thence was 

 invited into England by Charles I. who gave him lodgings, 

 and a confiderable falai-y ; and employed him in painting ceil- 

 ings, &c. at Greenwich. He was alfo employed by Villiers, 

 duke of Buckinghp.m, at York Houfe, on a picture of him- 

 felf and his family. After refiding here abo'.it twelve years, 

 he died at the age of 84 in 1647. The clearnefs and bril- 

 liancy of the ftyle in which he painted may be feen to the 

 greateil perfection in a piiture at Hampton Court of Jofeph 

 and Fotiphar's wife. Fle made king Charles a prefent of 

 a large book of drawings, and was deiervedly refpefted and 

 admired for his abilities. 



Gentileschi, Autemi.sia, daughter of Orazio, and 

 his pupil, who obtained almoll as much (kill and credit as 

 her father. She followed him to England, where fhe prac- 

 tifed in portraits with great fuccefs. She alfo cxercifed her 

 talents in hiftoric?! painting, and has left many highly credit- 

 able works behind her. 



Her pifture of Judith with the head of Holofernes at St. 

 James's palace, is in the fame ftyle of defign as her father's, 

 but though very (Icilful, is not fo bright, or fo finely wrought 

 as his pictures ufually are. After the death of Orazio, (he 

 retired to Naples, where Graham fays flie became as famous 

 for her amours as for her flcill in painting. She died in 

 1642. 



GENTILI, Alberico, was born in 1550, at Caf- 

 tel S. Genefio, in the marchc of Ancona. He ftudied 

 the law, and took his degrees at the univerfity of 

 Perugia, and vsras prxtor at Afcoli, when his father, becom- 

 ing a convert to the reformed religion, determined to quit 

 Italy, and take with him his fons Alberico and Scipio. 

 The former, the fubjecl of this article, came to England, 

 and in 1582 was cholen profeffor of jurifprudenee in the uni- 

 verfity of Oxford, which he held with much reputation till 

 his death in 1608. He was a man of great learning, and 

 publifhed various works. One, entitled " Six Dialogues on 

 the Interpreters of Law,'' he dedicated to his patron the 

 eai-lof Leicefter. He is author of three books " De Jure 

 belli,'' which are highly applauded by Grotius : of three 

 others " De Legationibus," and feveral trafts relative to 

 antiquities. His " Lettiones Virgilianx" prove that he 

 had cultivated polite literature very fuccefsful'y. Bayle. 



Gentili, Scii>io, brother of the preceding, was born 

 in 1563, and, while a child, was fent to Tubingen for his 



whofe writings were tlien held in high veneration in moll of 

 the univerfities of Europe. Genlilis died at Bologna about 

 the year 13 10, and left feveral treatifes, which were collect- 

 ed and pubHfticd at Venice, in four volumes folio, in 1484, 

 i486, and 1492. Tlie following works were likewife print- 

 ed feparately : i. " Expolitiones in textu Avicennx." — 

 2. " De Febribus," Venice, 1484.— 3. " E:.pofitio cum 

 Commento ^gidii Monachi Benediftini Libri de Judiciis 

 Urinarum, et Libri de Pullibus." Ibid. 1494. — 4. " Confi- 

 lia peregregia ad qua; vis morborum totius corj)Oris genera," 

 with fo me other trafts, Venice, 1503 — 5. " Quaeltiones et 

 Trac\atus extravagantes." Ibid. 152c. — '■. " De Lepra 

 Traftatus." Ibid, 1536, with the furgtry of Dinus de Gar- 

 bo. — 7. " De proportionibus Medicinarum,'' with diffei'ent 

 difl'ertations upon the fubjeft of dofes of medicines by the 

 mOil celebrated phyficinns, Prdua 1556, &c. See Eloy. 

 Diet. Hift. — Several other individuals of thefami'y of Gen- 

 tilis were diilinguiftied for their knowledge of medicine and 

 the fciences. 



Gentilis, John-Valentine, was born at Cofenza in 

 Calabria. Educated in the principles of the Roman Catho- 

 lic religion, and becoming a convert to the principles of the 

 Reformation, he was obliged to quit his native country, and 

 take refuge in Geneva, where feveral Italian f imilies had al- 

 ready formed a congregation. His enquiries did not ftop by 

 the open renunciation of papal errors ; he became diffatisfied 

 with the orthodox doctrine of the Ti"inity. He was required 

 to fubfcribe to the articles of faith which the perfecutor John 

 Calvin had eftabliftied againft herefy, to which a prom.ife was 

 annexed, never to do any thing, direft'y or indirectly, that 

 fliould controvert the doftrine of the Trinity. At firft Gen- 

 tilis refufed the teft, but was afterwards prevailed on to com- 

 ply, dreading probably, in cafe of his refi(l?nce, a fimilar 

 treatment to that wliich Servetus had experienced. What 

 his hand had figned, and liis tongue confefled, his heart ab- 

 horred, and in private he did not fcruple to avow the truth, 

 which coming to the ears of the magiftrates, they commit- 

 ted him to prifon. From the dungeon he attempted to ex- 

 poilulate with his perfecutors, fliewing the inoffenfivenefs of 

 his opinions, but their hearts were fteeled againll the fuppli- 

 cations of a heretic, till he offered to abjure his errors, con- 

 fented to throw his writings into the fire, and take an oath not 

 to quit Geneva without leave of the magiftrates. Being thus, 

 in a meafure, freed from fufpicion, and feeling confcious that 



education. Here he diftinguiflied himfelf in the ftudy of the he would be juftified in breaking an oath which had been ex- 

 clalTics and jurifprudenee, which he afterwards purfued torted by terror, he withdrew from the city, but finding no 



with increafing fuccefs at the univerfities of Vv''ittemberg 

 and Lcyden. In 1589 he took his degree of doCtor at Bafil, 

 and then went to Witteiuberg as a public expounder of the 

 iaw. Shortly after he removed to Altdorfj and became prin- 



place of fafty hQ returned, was again imprifoned, but in a 

 ftiort time liberated. From this period he feems to have 

 wandered from place to place, and we find him at Lyons, in 

 various parts of Poland and Germany, in Savoy, and at laft 



at 



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