GEO 



TIius, in the predicament of things fubfifting of themfelvcs, 

 fiihjlance has tlie place and effeft of genus fummitm, and is 

 predicated of all the things contained in that clafs : for 

 Plato, and man, and animal, and even fpirit, are pro- 

 perly called fubllance. 



Accordingly there arc as imny fumma genera, as there are 

 clalTes of predicaments, or categories. 



Genus, fubaltern, is tliat which, being a medium be- 

 tween the higheft genus and the lowed fpecics, is fometimes 

 aonfidcred as a genus, and fometimes as a fpecics. 



Thus, bird, when coniparc-d with animal, is a fpccies ; 

 when to a crow, an eagle, or the like, it is a genus. 



Genus, again, is divided into remotum, remote, where be- 

 tween it and its fpecies there is another genus; -A-nA pfox't- 

 num, or next, v>-here the fpecies is immediateh" under it ; as 

 man under animal. 



Gexus is alfo ufed for a charafter, or manner appli- 

 cable to every tiling of a certain nature or condition. In 

 which fenfe it ferves to make capital divifions in divers 

 Iciences ; as mulic, rhetoric, botany, anatomy, Sec. e. gr. 

 Genus, in Mufic. See Geneua. 



Gents. By the word genus, in Natural Hi/lory, we 

 underlland a certain analogy of a number of fpecies making 

 them agree together in the number, figure, and fituation 

 of their parts in fuch a manner, that they are eafdy dillin- 

 guilhed from the fpecies of any other genus, at leafl by 

 fome one article. This is the proper and determinate fenfe 

 of the word genus, whereby it forms a fubdivifion of any 

 c'afs or order of natural beings, whether of the animal, 

 vegetable, or mineral kingdoms, all agreeing in certain com- 

 mon and dilHntlive characters. See Generical name, and 

 Classification of Animals. 



GEXUSjin Rhetoric, is one of the common places or topics, 

 and contains under it two or more forts of things differing 

 ]n nature. From this head logicians reafon thus ; Becaufe 

 every animal is mortal, and man is an animal, therefore man 

 is mortal (See Genus, in Logic.) But orators make a 

 further ufe of this argument, which they call afcending from 

 the hypothefis to the thefis, that is, from a particular to a 

 general. As if a perfon, fpeaking in praife of jullice, (liould 

 take occafion from, thence to commend and fhew the excel- 

 lency of virtue in general, with a view to render that virtue 

 more am.iable. For iince every fpecies contains in it the 

 whole nature of the genus to wliich it relates, befides 

 what is peculiar to itfelf, whereV i- it is diflinguifhed from it ; 

 what is affirmed of the genus mud, of necellity, be applica- 

 ble to the fpecies. 



Befides, authors diilinguilh the art of rhetoric, as alfo 

 orations, or difcourfes, produced thereby, into three genera, 

 or kinds ; detnonfirative, deliberative, and judiciary. See 

 each term. 



GENUSIUM, in Ancient GeogragJjy, a town of Italy, 

 ill that part of Magna Grxcia called MelTapia. It was 

 fituated a little S. of the road that led to Tarentum 



GENZANO, in Geography, ?i town of Naples, in BafiU- 

 cata; 12 miles E. S. E. of Venofa — Alfo, a town of Cam- 

 pagna di Roma, in Italy ; 3 miles W. of Veletri. 



GENZINGEN, a town of France, in the department 

 of~the Rhine and Mofelle ; 5 miles N. E. of Creutznach. 



GEOCENTRIC, of yr., earth, and xwlfo., centre, in 

 jtjtrr.r.om-/, is applied to a planet, or its orbit, to denote it 

 concentric with the earth ; or, havmg the earth for its centre, 

 or the fatne centre with the earth. 



AH the planets arc not geocentric : the moon, alone, is 

 pa\)perly geocentric. 



GEtK-tNTiUC lalitude of a planet, is its latitude feen from 

 the eartli ; or the iacliuation of a line connetling the planet 



G i: o 



and the caith, to the plane of the earth's (or true) etlij- 

 tic. 



Or it is the angle whicli the aforefaid line (connefting 

 tlic planet and the earth ) makes with a line drawn to meet 

 a perpendicular let fall from the planet to the plane of the 

 echptic. See Latitude. 



Thus in /"/ij.vXIII AJlronomy,ftg. 116, the angle 2 7"f is 

 the meafure of that planet's geocentric latitude when the 

 earth is in 7'.* and the a)igle et % the meafure of it when 

 the earth is in /. 



GicoCENTKiC'^/flf^of aplanet, is the jjlace wherein it ap- 

 pears to us, from the earth, fuppofing the eye there fixed ; 

 or, it is a point in the ecliptic, to which a plarict, fcen from 

 the earth, is refen'cd. 



GEOOKNTnic longitude of a planet, is the didancc mcafured 

 on the ecliptic, in the order of the figns between the geocen- 

 tric place and the firll point of Aries. 



GEODiESIA, that part of practical geometr)' which 

 teaches how to divide, or lay out, lands, or fields, between 

 feveral owners. 



The word is Greek, ',vxl-j.\7ty., formed of -, >-, terra, earth, 

 and i'aii-, c]fS:do, I divide. 



Geod.esia is alio applied, by fome, to all the operations ' 

 of geometry which are performed in th.e field. 



This is more ufually called furvcying, (which fee,) when 

 employed in meafuring of lands, grounds, roads, coun- 

 tries, provinces, otc. 



Vitalis defines geodjf fia the art of meafuring furfaces and 

 fohds not by imaginary right lines, as is done in geometry, 

 but by fenfible and vilible things : as by the fun's ra) s, 

 &c. 



GEODES, in NaturiJ Hijlory, a genus of cru.flated 

 bodies formed into large, and in great part, empty cafes, 

 iuclofing a fmall quantity of earthy or arenaceous matter. 

 See SlDEROClIIT.\. 



Of this genus are five known fpecies. 

 GEOFF, in Rural Economy, a term provincially applied 

 to a mow of hay, corn, &c. Sec Stack. 



GEOFFRyEA, in Botany, fo named by Jacquin, in 

 memor}- of Stephen Francis GeofTroy, M. D. of Paris, 

 author of a Materia Mcdica, in which a chemiral analyfis is 

 given, to little purpofe indeed, of every officinal plant ;; 

 and of fevcral iurcnious chem.ico-botanical cffays in the 

 Memoircs de lAcad. dcs Sciences. Jacquin fecms to con- 

 found hlni witli his brother Claude Jofeph Geofiroy, author 

 of an effay ou the (lrufturean<" ufe of the principal parts of 

 flowers, and of fo.me other p'lyfiological papers, printed in 

 the fame Memoire.<-.. — .Tacq. Amer. 207. t. jSo. f. 62. Linn.. 

 Gen. 37S. Schreb. 500. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 11 29. Mart. 

 Milh "D;a. V. 2. Jufl". 3f^3. Lamarck Illufir. t. 604— Clafs 

 and order, Diadelphia Decandria, Nat. Ord. Papdionsce^ 

 Linn. L<guminof<e, JwiT. 



Gen. Ch. Col. Perianth of one leaf, inferior) bcll-fhaped," 

 five-cleft half way down ; its two upper fegments diverging, 

 fpreading. Car. papilionaceous ; ilandard roundifh, emargi- 

 nate, flati reflexed ; w iugs equal to it in lengthy obtufc, con- 

 cave ; keel compreffed, the length and fliape of the wings. 

 Stam. Filaments In twofets (fingle and nine-cleft), the length 

 of the keel ; anthers roundilh. Pijl. Germfn fuperior, round- 

 ifh ; ftyle awl-fhaped ; lligma obtufe. Peric. Drupa nearly 

 ovate, large, with a longitudinal furrow at each edge. 

 Seed. Nut nearly ovate, fomewhat woody, a httle com- 

 prelTcd, wiih a furrow along each edge, acute, of two 

 valves. 



EfT, Ch. Calyx five-cleft. Drupa ovate. Nut compreJed. . 



I. G. /pincfa. Linn. Sp. PI. 1043. Swartz. Prod. 106. 



(Uinari ;. 



