GEORGE. 



mitted to ftand." The people endured all tlicfe afts of 

 opprciiion till their patience was exhaufted ; thoy then rofe 

 as one man, and expelled him the city. With much difficul- 

 ty iic regained his authority, which he held till the year 362, 

 when the acceffion of Julian to the empire was tlie fignal for 

 the downfal of the bifhop. He, and two other perfons, 

 who had been miiiillersof his atrocities, were ignominioully 

 dragged in chains to the public prifon. Here, after a con- 

 finement of a few days only, they were attackc'd by the Pagan 

 populace, who forced open the doors of the flungeons, and 

 with cruel infults maffacred the vile wretches. Tlieir lifelcfs 

 ■bodies were carried in triumph through the ftreets on the 

 back of a camel, and after having fuffereJ every indignity, 

 thry were thrown into the fea, with the avowed intention of 

 flifappointing the devotion of Chrillians, who, thev fore- 

 faw, would gladly canonize the tyrant as a martyr and faint. 

 The fears of the Pagans were jutt, but their precautions 

 ineffeiSlual. Tiie meritorious death, as it was denominated, of 

 tlie prelate, oblit;'rated the memory of h:;i life, and the infa- 

 mous George 'of Cappadocia has been transformed into the re- 

 nownedSt Georgeof England, thepatronof arms, of chivalry, 

 ■and of the garter. The laiuts of Cappadocia, Baill, and the 

 Gregories, did iiot acknowledge their companion, and pope 

 ■Gelalius, about the year 494, is the firll Catholic who 

 acknowledges St. George, and who placed him among the 

 martyrs of the cluirchcs. He rejefts his aits as fpurious, 

 and as the compoiition of heretics. His fame and popularity 

 in Europe, and efpecially in England, proceeded from the 

 ■crufades. Gibbon, volj, iii. and iv. Moreri. 



GEOnoB ofiVclilond, a learned modern Greek, was born, 

 in 1395, in the ille of Crete, of a family originally from 

 Trebifond, from which he derives his name. He came to 

 Italy about 1420, and obtained the patronage of Francis 

 Barbaro, a noble of Venice, through whofe means he was 

 invited to a profeflbrHiip of Greek at Vicenza. Thence he 

 removed to Venice, where he acquired great reputation as 

 a grammarian and inflruftor in Grecian eloquence. After 

 this he obtained an invitation from pope Eugenius IV. to 

 fettle at Rome, and, during the life of the pontiff, he was 

 occupied in teaching rhetoric and philofophy, and in tranf- 

 lating feveral ancient Greek authors into Latin. He was 

 engaged in a fimilar manner by pope Nicholas V., under 

 whofe patronage George might have lived happily, had not 

 T^-is own temper involved him in many dilputes with the 

 learned men about the papal court. With Poggio he came 

 to blows, and it was necelTary to rcfort to the avithority of 

 the apoftolic fecretar;cs to part them. His own conduft at 

 length forced him from Rome, and he took retugc, in 1452, 

 at Najiles, where he was graciouHy receive^l by king Al- 

 phonfo, but he did not partake of his liberality, and had 

 great diScaltv, at this period, in maintaining his family. It 

 is fuppofed, tliat by the interference of his friend Filelfo, 

 he was reconciled to the pope, and that he returned to the 

 papal city : but in 1459 he was at Venice, where he pre- 

 It-ntcd to the doge his verfion of Plato's book on laws, and 

 was then engaged as a profeffor of belles lettres. In 1464 

 he went to Crete, and paffed thence to Conftantinople. On 

 his return he found his own Icholar Paul II. on the papal 

 throne, which led him to vifit Rome, but his treatment 

 there did not, prob:ibly, corivfpond with his expeftations ; 

 lie was, for fome offence not known, caft into prifon, where 

 he was kept during a fpace of four months. He died about 

 the year 1480. He lived to a good old age, and was 

 author of many works on rhetoric and fubjefti; connected 

 with polite literature ; and he trandatcd many others, par- 

 ticularly of the fathers, from the Greek into ^he Latin. He 

 is eileemed very highly for the fhare which he had in intro- 



ducing Greek literature into tlie Weft. His Latin 

 ftyle was far from pure ; and in controverfy he dealt much 

 in inveftive. The comparifon which he inilituted between 

 Ariftotle and Plato gave great offence to the adherents of 

 the latter, particularly to cardinal Befiarion, who wrote an 

 anfwer to him. Gen. Biog. 



George, called alfo ylmirn, flourifhed about the clofe of 

 the 16th century, and was at Rome under the pontificate of 

 Clement VIII. He publifhed " A Syriac and Chaldee 

 Grammar" in 4to. in 1596. He was, after this, elefted pa- 

 triarch of the Maronitrs, among whom he introduced the ufe, 

 and explained the principles, of the Gregorian calendar. He 

 died about the year 1641. Moreri. 



George Lewis I., king of Great Britain, and eleftor of 

 Hanover, the fon of the eledlor Erneft-Auguilus, by 

 Sophia, daughter of Frederick eleftor-palatine, and grand- 

 daughter of James I., king of England, was born in 

 1660, and trained to the profefiion of arms under his 

 father. When he had arrived to the ftate of manhiod, he 

 engaged in the fervice of the emperor againft the Turks,' 

 and became illullrious as a warrior in three campaigns in 

 Hungary. He next diilinguifhed himfelf in the war be- 

 tween the empire and France, and in the year 1 700 he fuc- 

 ceeded, on the death of his father, to the eletlorate. In the 

 following year he marched to the afliftance of the duke of 

 Holllein, who was attacked by the king of Denmark, and 

 obliged the Danes to raife the fiege of Tonnino-en. He 

 joined the alliance againft France in the fuccelhon war, and 

 forced the princes of the houfe of Wolfenbuttle to quit 

 their alliance with the French. The command of the 

 army of the empire was conferred upon him in 1707, but 

 after the duties of three campaigns, in which he had been 

 able to aft only on tlie defenfive, he refigned his command, 

 and left his own troops in the fervice of the allies. At the 

 peace of Raftadt, Lewis XIV. recognized the electoral dig- 

 nity in the honfe of Lunenburg, as he liad before, at the 

 peace of Utrecht, the fucceflioii of the fame houfe to the 

 crown of Great Britain. This event happened on the 

 death of queen Anne in 17 14, when the prince, now 

 George L, was in the hfty-fourth year of his age. He 

 was already celebrated for the wifdom and juftice of his 

 government, and his perfonal qualities, though limited in 

 his views by the intereils of a German prince, and but little 

 acquainted with the charafter of the nation he was about 

 to rule. " It is evident,'' fays an hiftorian, " that the title 

 of this prince was founded folely on the choice of the 

 parliament, that is, of the people, and that the ufiial order 

 of fucccllion was entirely fuperfcded. For, admitting the 

 male line of the houfe of Stuart to have been extinguiihed 

 in the perfon of James II., the right of blood rcfted in the 

 houfe of Savoy, defcendedfrom Henrietta, duchefsof Orleans, 

 daughter of Charles I." Thus the rights of the people 

 were fully exercifed, and the family on the throne is in truth 

 an elecled family, though the general law of fuccelTion re- 

 mains unaltered. The king threw himfelf into the arms of 

 the Whig party, who, indeed, alone openly maintained thofe 

 principles upon which the right of his crown was founded. 

 Of thefe the fundamental one was the fuperiority of the 

 national will, in appointing a chief governor, to any claim 

 derived from htreditary right. Such a principle had been 

 already affumcd, and was the only one that could juftify the 

 nation in fetting afide the more immediate heirs to the 

 crown, on the plea of difference of religion. (See Whigs.) 

 As I'oon as this prince was fettled on his throne, the late 

 Tory miniftry were called to account for their conduft, 

 particularly with refpeft to the treaty of Utrecht, and 

 feveral of the heads of it were impeached, and either im- 



prifonedj. 



