G E R 



ployed, but that the mclo-drania, to r'ndcr it interefting, 

 (liou'd never admit an nir fupcrior to an elegant br.llad, is 

 what lovers of dr?.m;\tio nndic, and judges of good cora- 

 pofition and good finging, will never fubfcribe to. 



But though M. Suard is fo determined a foe to all 

 opera mufic but that of Gluck, and finging, except that of 

 the natives of his own country, when he fpeaks of the inftru- 

 mcntal mufic of Germany, he is very juft, and celebrates 

 the fchools of Vienna, Coblent/,, Manheiin, Munich, and 

 Stutgard ; which have produced the Stamitzes, the Touchis, 

 Canabichs, Schrceters, Haydns, and innumerable other 

 fymphonifts, whofo compoiitions are known to all lovers of 

 mufic. All thefe different fyuiphouills (fays with great 

 truth M. Suai-d) have a peculiar charafter and flyle of their 

 own ; yet, coitinues he, " it mud be allc«vcd that all give 

 ^*ay to the inexhauftible Haydn for invention and ongiuality. 

 He unites all the refources of fcicnce to the charms of good 

 tafte : he is noble and gay, full of grace and foixe ; fimple 

 wiih iniinite variety ; and unites to movements the moft 

 fweet and captivating in melody, the grcatell orcheftral 

 effefts." 



This character is written with fuch truth, inteUigence, 

 and feeling, that we forgive tly; elegant and refined v.ritcr 

 much of his bigotry for Gluck, and intolerance for all dra- 

 matic raufic, except that of France. 



No praife is too ftrong for the infirumcntal mufic of 

 GermaiL^in general by the compofers fo juftly celebrated 

 by M. Suard ; but when to thefe we join Emanuel Bach, 

 and the admirable Mozart, and his fcholar Beethoven, it 

 feems as if inftrumental mufic, at lead, was arrived at its 

 acme of perfection. This extenfive empire has likewife 

 produced mailers who have even equalled the moft eminent 

 Italian dramatic compofers of tl.e laft century ; fuch as 

 Handel, Hafie, Graun, J. C Bach, Miftewecce, Gh'.ck, 

 Naumann, &c , without mentioning the operas, oratories, 

 and maflTes of Haydn, and the dramatic mufic of Mozart, 

 perhaps the bell of its kind. So that Germany may be 

 faid frequently to vie with Italy itfelf in its own bed i'yle 

 of compofition. 



German, in Geography, a townfiiip of Am.erica, in 

 Fayette county, Pennfylvania ; containing 1 835 inhabit- 

 ants. 



German Flirts, the chief and pod-town of Herkemcr 

 county, in the date of New York, fituated on the N. fide 

 of Mohawk river, oppofite to Herkeiner, and 24 miles E. 

 •f Whitedown ; and containing 1637 inhabitants. 



German Town, a town of New York, in Columbia 

 county, containing 516 inhabitants. — Alfo, a town of Phi- 

 ladelphia county, in the date of Pennfylvania, feven miles 

 N. of the city of Philadelphia. It is a corporation, con- 

 fiding chiefly of High and Low Dutch, and contains about 

 350 houfes, chiefly of done, fome of which are large and 

 elegant, forming one dreet about two miles in length. The 

 public buildings are a Prcftiytcrian, Goniian-Calvinid and 

 Lutheran church, a Friends' meeting-houfe, and an aca- 

 demy. Here is a confidcrable manufafture cf dockings, 

 made of cotton, thread, and worded. This is an ancient 

 town, pleafantly fituated, and by its vicinity to the metro- 

 polis, Well adapted for manufaclures. The principal con- 

 gregation of the Mennonitts, and the parent of that fedl in 

 Aftierica, fubfids in this place. A fevcre battle was fought 

 here between the Englifh and Amei-icans in Oftobcr 1777. 

 •; — Alfo, a pod-town, and capital of Stokes county, N. Ca- 

 rolina, fituated near the town fork of Dan river, and con- 

 taining a court -houfe, gaol, and about 30 lioufcs ; 528 miles 

 S.W. by S. of Philadelphia. — Alfo, the chief town of Hyde 

 county, in Newbern didrict, N. Carolina.-^Alfo, a town of 



G E R 



Bracken county, in Kentucky, containing ? i inliabitants 

 — .'Vlfo, a town of the date of New Jerfey ; 17 milts 

 W.S.W. of Morridown. 



GERMANDER, in Botany. See TF.rrniuM. 



Guit.MANDER, in the Materia Mcdka. The comm'.n 



5cr 



mander, fucnum chamidrys, chamttdrys minor repent, 13 a 

 native of England, and flowers in June and July. The 

 leaves and tops have a moderately bitter ta!le, accompanied 

 with a weak aromatic flavour, diminiflicd by drying the'plant. 

 They give out their virtues both to watery and fpirituou* 

 mcnilrua. The cham.cedrys has been chiefly eftcemed in the 

 charailer of a mild aperient and corroborant ; it is recom- 

 mended in uterine obdruflions, intermitting fevers, and in 

 the rheumatifm and gout. The good effcfts of the cha- 

 ma;drys in the latter diforder are recorded by different 

 authors who have employed it in various forms and com.bi- 

 nations, of which the celebrated antiarihritic, or Portland 

 powder, is an indance. According to Murray the virtues 

 of this plant fhould be nearly allied to thofc of Marrubium ; 

 and therefore it promifes to be ufeful in adhmatic affcdlions, 

 coughs, and infarfiions of the lungs. Thefe virtues, how- 

 ever, are fomcu'hat problematical. 



The Mdnim germander, or Syrian herb maflich, In/erittm 

 marum, flowers from July till Septem.ber. It is a native of 

 Spain, and is firid to grow plentifully alfo in Greece, Egypt, 

 Crete, and Syria. It v»as firit cultivated in England by 

 Parkinfon in 1640, and is now to be found in many o' our 

 gardens. The leaves and you"ger branches of w^rum, when 

 recent, emit, on being rubbed between the finrers, a vola- 

 tile aromatic fmell, which excites fneezing, but to the tafte 

 they are bitterith, with a fenfation cf heat and acrimony. 

 According to Lewis (Mat. Med.) it lofes but little of its 

 pungency by being dried ; and gives out its aclive matter par- 

 tially to water, and completely to reftifiedfpirit. Diftilled 

 with the former, it yields a higiily pungent, fubtile, volatile, 

 effential oil, fimilar to that of fcurvy-grafs, but ftronger 

 and of lefs perifhable pungency. Reftified fpirit carried 

 off, in the infpifTation of the fpirituous tinfturc, a confi- 

 dcrable fliare of the fmell and pungency of th.e marum, but 

 leaves much the greateft part cy.icentrated in the extra£l ; 

 v.-hich, on being taded, fills the month, with a durable, pe- 

 netrating, glowing warmth. WedeUi:s ftrongly recommends 

 tiiis plant as an important remedy in many difcafes requiring 

 medicines of a ilim.ulant, aromatic, and deobdrucnt quality j 

 and inftances of its efficacious ufe have been adduced by 

 Linnaeus, Rofendein, and Bergius. At prefent, however, 

 marum is here chiefly ufed as an errhine, and is an ingredient 

 in the " pulvis atari compo":tus" cf the London Pharma- 

 copoeia. The dofe of ilie powdered leaves is from a fcruple 

 to half a dram, which ^Iurray ad^^fes to be given in 

 wine. 



The tualer germander, teucr'ium fcordium, is a native of 

 England, in majrfliy fituations, and flowers in .July and Au- 

 gud. The leaves oi fcordium have a fmell refombling that 

 of garhck, whence its nam.e ; and to the talle they are bit- 

 teriih, and dightly pungent, ^\^lcn moderately and newlr 

 dried, they give out, fays Lewis, (Mat. Med.) their fmell 

 and tafte both to water and to rcilified fpirit. In dliiillation 

 their peculiar flavour arifes with water, but th.o imprcgra- 

 tion of the didilled fluid is not drong, nor could any eflen- 

 tial oil be obtained on fubmitting to the operation fveral 

 pounds of the herb. The ancients attributed to_/?or(/«/w a 

 peculiar antifcptic and alexipharmic power, and it had for 

 ma'-;y ages the character of being remarkably efficacious in 

 all pedilential and putrid difeafes. With this view it entered 

 into the compofition of feveral officinal medicines, that were 

 fuppofcd to be antidotes to -•aricus kinds of poii'ons and in- 

 fections 



