G E R 



tut the church, which is a curious and interefting fpecimeii 

 of ancient architefture. It confills of a nave, two ailles, and 

 two towers at tl>.e weftem end. Between tlie latter is a 

 large entrance door-way, with a femi-circular arcli, con- 

 jifting of feveral ornamented mouldings. Contiguous to the 

 church is Port-Eliot, the feat ot lord Eliot. St. Germans, 

 as a borough, fends two members to parliament, both of 

 whom are nominated and influenced by lord Eliot. A fmall 

 market is held here weekly ; and two fairs annupjly. The 

 living is a curacy in the gift of the dean and canons of 

 Windfor. The Rev. John Whitaker, author of " The 

 Hiftory of Mancheller,'' &c. has publilhed two volume.^, 

 quarto, entitled " The ancient Cathedral of Cornwall, 

 liiftoricallv furveyed.'' This work contains many curious 

 particulars rcfpefting St. Germans ; but the greater part is 

 occupied by theoretical differtations. 



GERjVIANUS I. in Biography, was patriarch of Con- 

 ftantinople in the beginning of the eighth century. His 

 father was bafely murdered by the emperor Conftantine 

 PagonatUF, and himfelf, by the fame authority, was deprived 

 of his manhood. In 715, lie was appointed to the bifhopric 

 of Cyzicum, and from that honour he was traBflated to the 

 patriarchate of Conilantinople. He was the chief oppofer of 

 the emperor Leo, when he iflued his edidl for prohibiting 

 the worfliip of images ; during four years the emperor bore 

 with patience all the refiltance made to his decree, till at 

 le igth the people, irritated by his difcourfe, broke out in afts 

 ot rebellion ; to quell theie, Leo aifemblcd a council at 

 Conilantinople in 730, by which the patriarch was degraded 

 from his dignity, but permitted to retire to his paternal feat, 

 where he fpent the remainder of his days in peace and quiet- 

 iiefs. He died in 740, and was immediately elevated as a 

 faint in the Greek and Latin churches, on account of his 

 zeal and fuffcrings in defence of image worfliip. He was 

 author of feveral treatifes ; one, entitled " De fe.x Synodis 

 Oecumenicis," &c. has gone through many editions, but 

 that by Le Moyne in his " Varia Sacra,"' in 16S5, is by 

 much the bed. He wrote " An Apology for Si. Gregory 

 Nyflen, in oppofition to thofe who accufcd him of falling 

 ■into the errors of Origen ;" and divers others mifcellancous 

 pieces which are inferted in the Colledl;. Concil. and in the 

 J3iblioth. Patr. Moreri. 



GerM-\nus II. was patriarch of Conilantinople in the 

 thirteenth century, to which honour he was appointed about 

 the year 1222. In 1233, he held a fynod at the city of 

 Nice, where he had lixed the patriarchcd refideuce. He 

 was, OB account of feme mifunderftanding, depofed from 

 his dignity in the year J 240, but rellored again jull before 

 his deatli, which happened in 1254. He was author of a 

 work intended to ilUiftrate the liturgy, and entitled " Re- 

 rura Ecclefiallicarum Thcoria," and of numerous homilies, 

 orations, fermons, epilUes, decrees, &c.— There v. as a third 

 Germanus, who was tranflated to the patriarclrate of Con- 

 ilantinople, from the fee of Adrianople in the year 1267, 

 but who religned his dignity within a few months after his 

 eleftion. Moreri. 



GERMANY, in Geography, an extenfive country of Eu- 

 rope, fituated between 45 4 and 54- 40' N hit. and between 

 6° 30' and 19° 52' E. long, comprifes chiefly the prelent 

 empire of Aullria, except Hungary, the greateft part of the 

 Pruihau dominions, a part of Pomerania belonging to Swe- 

 den, the duchy of Holilein, belonging to Denmark, forae 

 parts of Holland, fome of the French departments on the 

 Rhine, and all the ilates of tiie new confederacy of the 

 Rhine, with the formation of whicli it loll its exillcnce as 

 an empire. 



VoL.XVL 



G E R 



In ancient tiny?« Germany was inhabited hy 'arioui 

 nations, which, the Romans, v.-ith whom they waged war for 

 fome centuries, conudered as Gauls. Of thtfe th,- Helvetii, 

 Boji, Teftofagi, and Gothi (fee Goths, &c. ), and 

 tlie Teutones, who dwelt in the Sinus Godanus near the 

 Cimbri, were among the firft that eroded the Rhine, and 

 applied to themfelvcs the name of Germani, probably from 

 the Teutonic word Geier or Cuer, a fword, aflferting, as it 

 were, their quality of warriors. The word Guerra, Guerrr 

 in the Italian and French, which is not of Latin origin, 

 appears to confirm this etymology. (Seethe hiftory of the 

 ancient Germans in the fitjuel of this article.) It is ah™ 

 from the Teutones that, in the German language, the country 

 is called Tfutfchland, and latterly Deutfchland. (See Tei=- 

 TONES.) The French gave it the name oi Alhmagneirovn thr 

 Akmanni, one of the German nations. (See ALK.\fANNl.) 

 In the middle age the northern and north-eallern regions of 

 Germany got an acceffion of population from the VandaJj 

 and Sla\onian3 ; and towards the end of the feventeentli 

 century, fome parts of Germany received an inconfiderable 

 increafe of inhabitants, by fome thoufands of French protef- 

 tant refugees, who left France after the revocation of the 

 edi<?t of Nantes. 



Bufching ftated the extent of Germany at 11,^4 Ger- 

 man fquare miles, 15 to a degree ; but piofelTor Crome «ji" 

 Gieflen, including Silefia, Ilates it at 12,796 German fquare 

 miles, and its circumference at 500 German miles. 



Germany is bounded on the north by the river Eider, and 

 the canal of Holftein, which fcparate it from Dcnn-.aik, 

 and by the Baltic fea ; on the call by Pruilia, Poland, 

 Hungary, Slavonia, and Croatia ; on the foath by the gulf 

 of Venice, Italy, and Switzerland ; and on the weft by the 

 Rhine and the North fea. 



Maxiniihan, grandfather to Charles V., divided Germany 

 into ten circles, and this divifion was confirmed in the diet 

 of Nuremberg in 1552 ; but the circle of Burgundy, 

 which contained the feveuteen provinces of the Lov.- Count rie«, 

 having been detached from the empire, it latterly coutaincd 

 only niue circles, ^';z. 



I. The C'ti-ck of Aujlr'm, which comprifcd, 1, the arch- 

 duchy of Aullria proper ; 2, the duchy of Stiria ; 3, the 

 duchy of Cariiithia ; 4, the duchy of Caniiola ; 5, th? 

 Auftriau Frioul ; 6, the Littorale, or the territories of 

 Trieft and Fiume ; 7, the county of Tyrol ; 8, Upper 

 Auflria ; 9, the bifhopric of Trent ; 10, the bifhopric of 

 Brixen ; 11, the conmianderies of the Teutonic order is 

 Auilriii, and on the Etfch ; and 12, the lordlhip Trafp, 

 belonging to the prince of Dietr;chllci'.i. 



II. The Circle of IVtjIphalia, which comprifed, i, the 

 bifhopric of Muniter ; 2, the biftiopric of Ofnabruck ; 

 3, die bifhopric of Paderborn ; 4, the bilhopric oi Lii-ge; 

 5, the abbcv of Corvey ; 6, that of Stablo and Midmedy ; 

 7, that of Werden; 8, that of Cornelius Munller ; 9, thai 

 of Efl'en; lo, that of Thorn; II, that of Hcrvorden ; 

 12, the duchy of Cleves ; 13, the duchy of Julicri ; 14, tfa« 

 duchy of Berg; 15, the principality of MiJideii ; 16, th« 

 principahty of Verden ; 17, tiie principality of NUi.iu; 

 iS, the principality of Eaft Frielland ; 19, the prhicipiJitT 

 ofMoers; 20, the duchy of Oldenburg j 21, the couuly 

 of Mark; 22, the county of Raveniberg ; 23, the count/ 

 of Schaueuburg, 24, the county of I>ippe ; 25, the county 

 of Sternberg, which now belongs to Lippe ; 26, tlie couuly 

 of Bentheim ; 27, the couuly of Stciufurt ; 28, the coun- 

 ties of Tccklenburg and Lingen ; 29, the county ol Hoya { 

 50, the county of Diepholtz ; 31, the county of Wicd ; 

 ^ Cc %i,^'<: 



